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Vickie Wong Takashi Abe Raksha N. Chatakondi Zachary W. Bell Robert W. Spitz Scott J. Dankel 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1865-1873
The purpose was to determine if the muscle swelling, echo intensity, and fatigue responses to blood flow restriction differs based on cuff width (Experiment 1), applied pressure (Experiment 2), and sex. Ultrasound of muscle was taken before and after exercise. In Experiment 1 (n = 96), men swelled more than women and more with a narrow cuff than a wide cuff (0.60 cm vs. 0.52 cm). Expressed as a percentage change, there were no longer differences between cuffs (Narrow: 15% vs. Wide: 14%) or sex (Men: 14% vs. Women: 15%). Echo intensity remained unchanged. Women required more repetitions to reach task failure in sets 2, 3, and 4. In Experiment 2 (n = 87), men swelled more than women (Men: 0.46 cm vs. Women: 0.31 cm). Expressed as a percentage change, there were no differences. Echo intensity decreased in both conditions and to a greater extent with a higher applied pressure. If the acute muscle swelling response is important for initiating long term adaptation, then our results indicate that neither cuff width, sex, nor applied pressure will differentially impact the adaptation observed via this mechanism. Changes in echo intensity were inconsistent and the utility of this measurement may need to be reconsidered. 相似文献
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Bowlers in cricket try to disguise their bowling action by movement pattern similarity. The batter’s task is, therefore, to solve rapidly perceptual discrimination problems. Previous research has suggested that batters can discriminate perceptual cues that provide depth or target information. However, at present, there is a lack of applied research evidence on further perceptual cue utilization, including bowling delivery identification. This ability is required when batting against wrist-spin bowlers who may use five different types of delivery. In the present study, we assessed this perceptual discrimination ability among three distinct standards of batters. In addition, the relative potency of body action and ball flight information was assessed by visual occlusion techniques. We found that more expert batters in general showed greater perceptual discrimination skills when faced with different ball types. However, this discrimination ability was linked specifically to delivery type and to previous experience. We also found that additional ball flight information provided no more advantage to this discrimination ability. This finding reinforces the importance of advanced cue information and the need to expose cricket batters to different bowling actions. Further study of the development of movement pattern recognition is recommended. 相似文献
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CHAI Deng-feng PENG Qun-sheng 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(8):1218-1226
This paper presents some techniques for synthesizing novel view for a virtual viewpoint from two given views captured at different viewpoints to achieve both high quality and high efficiency. The whole process consists of three passes. The first pass recovers depth map. We formulate it as pixel labelling and propose a bisection approach to solve it. It is accomplished in log2n（n is the number of depth levels） steps,each of which involves a single graph cut computation. The second pass detects occluded pixels and reasons about their depth. It fits a foreground depth curve and a background depth curve using depth of nearby foreground and background pixels,and then distinguishes foreground and background pixels by minimizing a global energy,which involves only one graph cut computation. The third pass finds for each pixel in the novel view the corresponding pixels in the input views and computes its color. The whole process involves only a small number of graph cut computations,therefore it is efficient. And,visual artifacts in the synthesized view can be removed successfully by correcting depth of the occluded pixels. Experimental results demonstrate that both high quality and high efficiency are achieved by the proposed techniques. 相似文献
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Changes in stature during physical activity reflect alterations in spinal column length that occur as a result of loading the spine. The shrinkage is associated with loss of intervertebral disc height. This study aimed to measure both the load on the spine during simulations of a round of golf and the physiological responses to carrying golf clubs. Fine measurement of stature was achieved using a computer‐linked stadiometer inclined to 13°. Shrinkage was measured (n = 6) after performance regimens which mimicked (1) the ambulatory activity during golf play, (2) ambulation and skills employed in par performance and (3) ambulation and carriage of clubs. Our observations indicate significant shrinkage associated with golf skills, mean shrinkage after nine holes being 2.53 mm compared to 1.78 mm in the walking condition. The highest shrinkage was observed when the player carried his clubs, the amount of stature loss being 4.76 mm over nine holes. The highest rates of shrinkage occurred over the first three holes. In a second experiment to further examine the effects of carrying the golf clubs, five of the subjects walked on a motor‐driven treadmill at 5 km h‐1 for 5 min. Carrying the clubs caused a 15% increase in VO2 and a 25% rise in VE compared to normal walking. Increases were found also in perceived exertion. The physical and physiological loadings associated with recreational golf were deemed to be light to moderate and do not denote undue strain in occasional practices. 相似文献
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In this paper, multiresolution critical-point filters （CPFs） are employed to image matching for frame rate up-conversion （FRUC）. By CPF matching, the dense motion field can be obtained for representing object motions accurately. However, the elastic motion model does not hold in the areas of occlusion, thus resulting in blur artifacts in the interpolated frame. To tackle this problem, we propose a new FRUC scheme using an occlusion refined CPF matching interpolation （ORCMI）. In the proposed approach, the occlusion refinement is based on a bidirectional CPF mapping. And the intermediate frames are generated by the bidirectional interpolation for non-occlusion pixels combined with unidirectional projection for the occlusion pixels. Ex- perimental results show that ORCMI improves the visual quality of the interpolated frames, especially at the occlusion regions. Compared to the block matching based FRUC algorithm, ORCM1 can achieve 1-2 dB PSNR gain for standard video sequences. 相似文献
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