Effect of different loading conditions on running mechanics at different velocities     

Germán Carretero-Navarro  Doménico Cherubini  Wolfgang Taube 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):595-602

Weighted vests are widely used to improve running economy and performance. However, it is not well-studied how running mechanics are adapted to counteract the higher peak vertical ground reaction forces (Fpeak) while running with such a device. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of different loading conditions on running mechanics at different velocities. Thirteen subjects participated in two separate sessions one week apart. In the first session, maximal aerobic speed (MAS) was determined through a maximal incremental running test while in the second session, they were instructed to run during one minute under different loading (0%, +10% and +20% of body mass [BM]) and velocity (60%, 80% and 100% of MAS) conditions in a random order. Spatiotemporal data were recorded and then running mechanics modelled using the spring-mass model. The main results indicated that vertical and leg stiffness (Kvert and Kleg, respectively) were increased (P?P?>?.05) when load was changed. At the same time, alterations of the running kinematics were observed such as longer contact times, reduced flight times, stride frequencies and step lengths, as well as an increase of the centre of mass dynamics. Based on these results it is assumed that runners maintain a certain stiffness level for each velocity despite different loading conditions. As a consequence, Fpeak increases and this probably causes spatiotemporal adjustments in the movement kinematics.  相似文献   

几何刚度矩阵的推导和应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张年文 《茂名学院学报》2004,14(3):45-48

以虚功原理为基础有限元进行梁柱的分析，应用很少，主要是于在计算中，荷载很小时，计算结果就不收敛了。因而也就很难应用于工程分析中。以虚功原理为基础推导得出了几何刚度矩阵，分析了计算不收敛的原因，得出结论：不考虑节点力因位移产生的不平衡力对几何刚度矩阵的影响，是计算结果不收敛的主要原因。算例说明了当考虑了这个影响以后，计算结果和文献给出的计算结果符合良好。  相似文献   

Equivalent Kelvin Impact Model for Seismic Pounding Analysis of Bridges     

DING Yang  YUE Fuqing  LI Zhongxian 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2006,12(Z1)

Based on Hertz contact theory, a method to determine the parameters of Kelvin impact model for seismic pounding analysis of bridges is proposed. The impact stiffness of Kelvin model is determined by the ratio of maximum impact force to maximum contact deformation, which is calculated based on Hertz contact theory with considering the vibration effect. The restitution coefficient which has great influence on the damping coefficient of Kelvin impact model is investigated by numerical analysis. Numerical results indicate that the impact stiffness of Kelvin impact model increases with the increment of the Hertz contact stiffness, approaching velocity or the length ratio of short to long girders. Vibration effect has remarkable influence on the impact stiffness and cannot be neglected. The restitution coefficient decreases when approaching velocity increases or the length ratio of short girder to long girder decreasing. The practical ranges of impact stiffness and restitution coefficient are obtained as 3×108-6×108 N/m and 0.6-0.95 respectively.  相似文献   

非协调轴对称杂交应力元单元刚度矩阵的准确建立     

田炯  田宗漱 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,(1)

给出新型三类用理性杂交模式、根据一种修正的Ｈｅｌｌｉｎｇｅｒ－Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ原理、建立高精度非协调轴对称实体旋转有限元时，其单元刚度矩阵的准确计算式。  相似文献   

Metabolic cost of running is greater on a treadmill with a stiffer running platform     

James A. H. Smith  Alexander D. McKerrow  Tertius A. Kohn 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(16):1592-1597

Exercise testing on motorised treadmills provides valuable information about running performance and metabolism; however, the impact of treadmill type on these tests has not been investigated. This study compared the energy demand of running on two laboratory treadmills: an HP Cosmos (C) and a Quinton (Q) model, with the latter having a 4.5 times stiffer running platform. Twelve experienced runners ran identical bouts on these treadmills at a range of four submaximal velocities (reported data is for the velocity that approximated 75–81% VO_2max). The stiffer treadmill elicited higher oxygen consumption (C: 46.7 ± 3.8; Q: 50.1 ± 4.3 ml·kg^?1 · min^?1), energy expenditure (C: 16.0 ± 2.5; Q: 17.7 ± 2.9 kcal · min^?1), carbohydrate oxidation (C: 9.6 ± 3.1; Q: 13.0 ± 3.9 kcal · min^?1), heart rate (C: 155 ± 16; Q: 163 ± 16 beats · min^?1) and rating of perceived exertion (C: 13.8 ± 1.2; Q: 14.7 ± 1.2), but lower fat oxidation (C: 6.4 ± 2.3; Q: 4.6 ± 2.5 kcal · min^?1) (all analysis of variance treadmill comparisons P < 0.01). This study confirms that caution is required when comparing performance and metabolic results between different treadmills and suggests that treadmills will vary in their comparability to over-ground running depending on the running platform stiffness.  相似文献   

泡沫混凝土刚度软化与剪力传递关系模型     

张静  刘向东 《科技通报》2015,(2):230-232

泡沫混凝土在应用中存在强度偏低、开裂、吸水等缺陷,在长期荷载作用下,泡沫混凝土会产生开裂,需要研究泡沫混凝土的刚度软化与剪力传递关系模型,准确描述混凝土结构长期变形及受力行为的徐变耦合特性,掌握服役期内的结构的长期变形及受力状态,为建筑结构防护提供参考。传统模型中仅考虑未开裂部分混凝土的徐变及开裂混凝土对整体刚度的影响,在裂缝的存在,使得混凝土结构刚度降低。提出一种基于裂缝坐标系下泡沫混凝土刚度软化与剪力传递关系模型,分析泡沫混凝土徐变产生及载重分配的机理,得到单轴受压条件下本构关系,按等效应力-应变关系来计算变化的切线弹性模量,在裂缝坐标系下,较准确地描述了泡沫混凝土的平均盈利比率变化与温度和刚度软化之间的关系,经算例验证表明,计算结果可靠,计算精度满足工程使用要求。  相似文献   

Relationship between Achilles tendon properties and foot strike patterns in long-distance runners     

Keitaro Kubo  Daisuke Miyazaki  Shigeharu Tanaka  Shozo Shimoju  Naoya Tsunoda 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(7):665-669

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Achilles tendon properties and foot strike patterns in long-distance runners. Forty-one highly trained male long-distance runners participated in this study. Elongation of the Achilles tendon and aponeurosis of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were measured using ultrasonography, while the participants performed ramp isometric plantar flexion up to the voluntary maximum. The relationship between the estimated muscle force and tendon elongation during the ascending phase was fit to a linear regression, the slope of which was defined as stiffness. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon was measured using ultrasonography. Foot strike patterns (forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot) during running were determined at submaximal velocity (18 km · h^?1) on a treadmill. The number of each foot strike runner was 12 for the forefoot (29.3%), 12 for the midfoot (29.3%) and 17 for the rearfoot (41.5%). No significant differences were observed in the variables measured for the Achilles tendon among the three groups. These results suggested that the foot strike pattern during running did not affect the morphological or mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in long-distance runners.  相似文献   

The impact of data reduction on the intra-trial reliability of a typical measure of lower limb musculoskeletal stiffness     

Mark P. Moresi  Elizabeth J. Bradshaw  David A. Greene  Geraldine A. Naughton 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(2):180-191

Double-leg repeated jumping tasks are commonly used as measures of lower limb stiffness in exercise science research. Within similar stiffness calculations, variation in data-reduction criteria exists. The impact of these varied data-reduction methods on stiffness measures is unknown. Sixteen adolescent female participants from varied physical activity backgrounds performed 15 self-paced, bent-knee continuous jumps (CJb) on two force plates. Leg stiffness was calculated as the ratio of the peak force and the centre of mass displacement for each contact. Using combinations of criteria based on previous literature, 83 data-reduction methods were applied to the raw data. Data reduction suitability was assessed based on intra-trial reliability, the number of participants excluded and the average contacts excluded. Four data-reduction methods were deemed suitable for use with adolescent female populations, with three consecutive contacts within 1 SD of the average jump frequency considered optimal. The average individual stiffness values were not greatly influenced by the data-reduction method; however, for a single participant, a stiffness change of up to 6 kN · m^?1 (30%) was observed. The role and potential impact of data-reduction methods used to evaluate measures of lower limb stiffness during repeated jumping tasks warrants consideration.  相似文献   

某轿车白车身静刚度试验台设计方案研究     

陆玉兵 《安徽职业技术学院学报》2021,(1):17-21

轿车行驶的可靠性和安全性很大程度上取决于车身刚度设计,针对某轿车白车身概念设计要求和车身静刚度相关理论,构建出静刚度检测系统,提出了车身刚度实时试验台设计方案。运用该试验台对白车身的静刚度进行检测,得到轿车或其核心部件在静态状态下的刚度变化规律,为真正意义上实现在车身刚度满足技术要求的条件下进行车身轻量化设计提供参考。  相似文献   

门式起重机刚度强度的有限元分析     

张大鹏  ;姚立影 《绵阳师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(8):1-7

门式起重机承受额定载荷时的结构刚度和结构强度是评估起重机最重要的两个指标.通过ANASYS对于某U型变频箱型双梁门式起重机进行计算.然后,依据《起重机设计规范GB3811-2008》对计算结果进行分析判定.计算结果表明：结构最大变形与最大局部应力不是发生在同一工况;结构的最大Von Mises应力及变形均在许用范围以内,结构静刚度、结构强度均能满足使用要求.ANSYS的计算结果为起重机的安全评估与检验检测提供了有益参考.  相似文献