Foreign direct investment in industrial research and development: A study of German MNCs     

Björn Ambos 《Research Policy》2005,34(4):395-410

This paper reports on the international research and development (R&D) investments of German multinational corporations (MNCs). Based on a detailed empirical survey of laboratory sites established by 49 German MNCs, we examine (i) the level and pace of R&D internationalization, (ii) the motivations and mandates of overseas R&D laboratories, as well as (iii) the strength of the laboratories’ internal and external ties. Participating firms account for about 46% of all German enterprises with international R&D activities and approximately 66% of the nation's privately funded R&D expenditures in 1999. The findings indicate that the timing and organization of German owned overseas R&D investments more closely resemble Japanese or French than US or Swedish firms. Furthermore, in line with prior studies, German MNCs increasingly invest in international R&D for resource as opposed to market-seeking motives. The paper also finds significant differences with regard to the laboratory's mission and its geographical location on one hand, and its internal and external embeddedness, on the other.  相似文献   

事业单位薪酬差异的实证分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱余旺  崔勋 《中国软科学》2004,43(12):126-130

本研究通过抽样调查的方法,对事业单位的薪酬差异进行实证分析,回归模型的结果表明性别、学历、工龄、职务等因素对薪酬差异的影响非常显著,尤其是学历和职务因素。但是,事业单位内部员工间的薪酬差异不大,无法解释的因素所占的比重较大。这说明,事业单位的薪酬结构中仍存在不合理的因素,薪酬的激励因素相对不足。  相似文献   

中国学习者英语语调单位特征研究——一项基于英语专业四级口语考试的研究     

戴峥峥  邵旖一 《南昌教育学院学报》2011,26(2):165-166

本研究采用某高等院校全国英语专业四级口语考试中的第一项（复述故事）任务作为研究对象语料,借助语音分析软件Praat对预料进行筛选、标注、分析,从而发现研究对象的独立语调单位特征主要表现在：用词量少,时长短;语调单位与句法结构的切分存在偏差;多个重读音节并存;调核音调单一,多降少升。  相似文献   

昆明市社会组织公共服务供给研究     

王宁 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》2011,(4):84-87,96

昆明市社会组织主要分为社团组织和民办非企业单位,其在推进各类行业产业化、提供社会公共服务、和谐昆明建设等方面发挥着积极的作用。但由于目前法律法规的不健全、管理体制的缺陷和自身能力缺乏、生存压力等因素,出现了其提供的公共服务产品质量不高、效率低下的局面。要走出这种困境应从改革现行管理体制、规划科学布局、加强能力建设、构建良好合作环境等方面入手。  相似文献   

Structure characterization for the geopolymer of sodium silicate and metakaolin     

曹德光 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):70-73

1 Introduction 1 During the last decade a new kind of material called geopolymer has emerged as a viable alternative for many conventional cements and plastics. Geopolymer is inorganic polymer derived from metakaolin and sodium silicate solution. It can be synthesized at low temperature and have useful properties such as high compressive strength. It is stable at temperatures up to 800 °C and even 1150 °C while ordinary Portland cement loses its strength at 500 °C [1]. Several microstruct…  相似文献   

有机串联，自主探究，拓展提升--浅谈牛津小学英语复习单元教学     

姚芳 《科教文汇》2015,(15)

复习课是小学英语课堂教学重要课型之一,在英语教学中占有重要的地位。本文以牛津小学英语复习单元教学为例,论述了教师应当如何设计有效的教学活动,让复习课的教学更有效、更充实。  相似文献   

句节初议     

熊文华 《河池学院学报》2011,31(1):68-72

重新界定语言和言语的使用单位,提出了句节这一概念,并对句节的结构过程及其组合规律进行了探索。  相似文献   

基于共生的创新系统研究     

郭淑芬 《中国软科学》2011,(4)

本文从共生是一种普遍现象入手,对创新系统进行了新诠释,构建了基于创新单元U、共生模式M与共生环境E三要素的创新系统(S)理论,即→(S)=→(U,M,E),提出了"供需空洞型创新系统(A)"、"企业需求拉动型创新系统(B)"、"研发机构推动型创新系统(C)"与"供需集成型创新系统(D)"的四大创新系统类型,分析了创新系统演进的两条路径A→B→D与A→C→D,并对创新系统共生体理论的适用性进行了讨论,认为该框架可概括国家创新系统、区域创新系统等不同的创新系统概念,并能解释政府介入的合理性,对实践推进有指导意义.  相似文献   

高校二级单位视角下的师德师风建设研究     

解军霞  罗娟研 《科教文汇》2021,(13):13-14

高校教师队伍素质关系到我国高等教育事业的长远发展和高等人才的培养质量。高校二级单位是落实该单位师德师风建设工作的执行者,其具体落实程度直接影响着师德师风建设的成果。因此,必须不断摸索、探讨、优化适合自身特色的工作模式,牢固树立良好的师德师风。  相似文献   

Reconsidering the Character and Role of Inquiry in School Science: Analysis of a Conference   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Richard Grandy  Richard A. Duschl 《Science & Education》2007,16(2):141-166

We summarize a conference on scientific inquiry bringing together science educators, cognitive scientists and philosophers of science with three goals:

1.	to establish how much consensus exists about scientific inquiry,
2.	to discuss implications of that consensus for teaching science,
3.	to identify areas where consensus is lacking to establish where further research and discussion would be most valuable.

This research was supported by NSF grant ESIE #0343196 awarded to the authors. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Paper presented at the International History and Philosophy of Science and Science Teaching Group meeting in Leeds, England July 15–18, 2005.  相似文献