| 科举制度的公平追求及其对自身的戕害 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐梓,王炳照.科举制度的公平追求及其对自身的戕害[J].教育学报,2005,1(4):3-9. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐梓 王炳照 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学,教育学院,北京,100875 |
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| 摘 要： | 科举制度一直以追求公平为重要目标。从唐朝的“兼采时望”到宋朝严格的“糊名考校”，从科目众多、标准迥异到只有一个统一尺度的进士科，从内容宽泛的诗赋之文到内容相对固定的经义之文；经义之文的内容，由百家学说到仅用朱子学说，经义之文的形式，由形式灵活的散文到结构固定的八股文。科举制度追求公平的努力，使科举考试的各个环节具有可操作性，保证了整个考试过程中的程序公平。但正因为太执著于公平，科举制度淡忘了选拔行政官员的终极目的，迷失了自己的使命，造成了对自身的戕害。
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| 关 键 词： | 科举制度 考试 公平 |
| 文章编号： | 1673-1298(2005)04-0003-07 |
| 收稿时间： | 06 30 2005 12:00AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2005年6月30日 |
The Imperial Examination System's Pursuit of Fairness and Its Self-undermining |
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| Xu Zi,WANG Bing-zhao.The Imperial Examination System''''s Pursuit of Fairness and Its Self-undermining[J].Journal of Educational Studies,2005,1(4):3-9. |
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| Authors: | Xu Zi WANG Bing-zhao |
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| Abstract: | Since its first adoption in the Sui Dynasty, the imperial examination system had always aimed at the pursuit of fairness, from the dual criteria based on fame and intellectual quality in Tang Dynasty to the strict anonymous selection in Song Dynasty, from multi-subjects and varying criteria to the u-nified single criterion, from flexile poetry improvisation to the fixed way of essay writing. The topics in essay writing developed from diverse doctrines to Zhu Xi's single doctrine and its format developed from flexible prose writing to the rigid eight-part essay writing. The effort to achieve strict fairness led to increased practicality in every aspect and guaranteed fairness in the testing procedure. However, the dogged pursuit of fairness outweighed its ultimate purpose of selecting governmental officials. Deviating from its original goal, the imperial examination system had dug a tomb for itself. |
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| Keywords: | Imperial examination system Examination Fairness |
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