| 如何实现大学教学与科研并重——一个研究框架的构建 |
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| 引用本文： | 于洁.如何实现大学教学与科研并重——一个研究框架的构建[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2019(4):15-22. |
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| 作者姓名： | 于洁 |
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| 作者单位： | 青岛大学青岛教育发展研究院,青岛,266071 |
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| 基金项目： | 2017年青岛大学教学研究;改革项目“学院教学治理体系与治理能力研究——基于企业M型组织形式的视角”;泰山学者工程专项经费资助项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 随着一流大学、一流学科建设步伐的不断加快,大学对科研生产日益重视。"唯论文"成为了一些高校开展教育评价的重要手段,致使不少教师在科研付出与教学努力方面出现厚此薄彼现象,这引起了学界的广泛关注。如何实现大学教学与科研并重?制度理论提供了一个从组织环境的角度去研究、认识的出发点。通过深入剖析大学的基本功能入手,在制度理论逻辑下进行研究发现:第一,大学的教学功能符合制度环境的合法性要求,符合政府、社会、家长、学生的关切,是推进人才培养层次提升的必然要求。而大学的科研功能是技术环境所追求的效率标准的产物。高校所开展的科学研究、知识创新,对经济社会发展起到促进作用;以教师论文(著作、教材)生产为主线的教育评价方式便于量化,这些都是大学服从技术环境的规则选择的结果。第二,以科研为先的大学组织面临着教学与科研失衡的困境。一方面是面临来自组织外部的排名压力。高校行政管理人员与教师在对待科研生产方面,具有较强的异质性;高校倾向于制定各种实现绩效最大化的政策与激励措施,以便调动广大教师的科研的潜在动力;科研奖励模式对于青年教师群体而言,其促进效果是突出的。另一方面是面临来自组织内部的科研竞争压力。科研评估不仅是大学实现自身合法性的需求,也是大学为二级学院设立的竞争机制的需要。第三,应借助帕累托改进方法,建立组织代表构成规则、学院对资源再分配、树立教学权威,构建大学教学与科研并重的理想状态。大学应充分利用已经积累起来的科研资源,促进科研成果转化、服务于教育教学,把教学与科研之间的差距缩小到可以承受的水平;尊重教育教学与科研生产的内在差异和运行规律。
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| 关 键 词： | 大学 教学与科研并重 制度理论 研究框架 |
Equal Emphasis on Teaching and Research in Universities: The construction of a research framework |
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| YU Jie.Equal Emphasis on Teaching and Research in Universities: The construction of a research framework[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Science Edition),2019(4):15-22. |
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| Authors: | YU Jie |
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| Institution: | (Institution of Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China) |
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| Abstract: | Along with the acceleration of constructing first-class universities or disciplines, growing emphasis are placed to research output of teachers, and the "paper-oriented" evaluation system has become dominant in a great number of universities , which guides teachers' efforts more on research than on teaching. How to keep an equal emphasis on teaching and research in universities has aroused widespread concern in the academic circles. The institutional theory provides a starting point for researching and understanding from the perspective of organizational environment. After analyzing the basic functions of university under the institutional theory, the author finds that: first, the teaching function of universities meets the legitimacy requirements of the institutional environment, matches with the concerns of the government, society, parents and students, and is necessary to level up the talent cultivation. The research function is the product of pursuing efficiency standard in the technological environment. The research and knowledge innovation carried out by universities accelerates regional economic development, and the papers (books or textbooks) published by teachers are easy to quantify in the educational evaluation system, which can be seen as university's choice to comply with the principles of technological environment. Secondly. university organizations prioritizing research are facing the imbalance between teaching and research, which originated from the pressure of ranking from outside as well as that of research competition within the organization. The administrators and academics in universities have strong heterogeneity in the attitudes to research and publication, various policies and incentives to maximize performance are made to mobilize the teachers' potential motivation in research, and the incentive mode is especially effective for young teachers. As for competition within the organization, research evaluation is not only the need of universities to realize legitimacy, but also the need of competitive mechanism for establishing secondary colleges. Third, under the guidance of Pareto's improvement method, we should establish the rules of organizational representation, resource redistribution, teaching authority, and the ideal state of equal emphasis on teaching and research. Universities should make full use of the accumulated research resources, promote the transformation of research achievements to serve teaching, narrow the gap between teaching and research to an acceptable level, and respect the inner inherent differences between teaching and research output as well as their operation rules. |
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| Keywords: | universities equal emphasis on teaching and research institutional theory research framework |
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