| 论清初书院的理学与教化 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘玉才.论清初书院的理学与教化[J].南京晓庄学院学报,2007,23(4):100-104. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘玉才 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学,北京,100871 |
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| 摘 要： | 清代初期反思明末心学空疏之弊,提倡躬行实践,推尊程朱理学为正学。而程朱理学的崇尚,主要通过学校、书院的教育加以实现。故此际书院多以理学为宗,而且承继传统讲读方式,教化的目的比较突出,应试科举反在其次。其间,理学名臣汤斌、陈宏谋、张伯行辈均热衷倡建书院,施行教化,而尤以张伯行创建福建鳌峰书院、苏州紫阳书院,成效最著。乾隆以降,理学书院日益与考课式书院合流,沦为课试时文帖括的科举附庸,逐渐淡出学术的视野。于是,提倡经古实学的书院应运而生,且蔚成风气。
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| 关 键 词： | 理学 书院 教化 张伯行 |
| 文章编号： | 1009-7902（2007）04-0100-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-03-15 |
On Songxue and Education in Academies of Classical Learning of the Early Qing Dynasty |
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| LIU Yu-cai.On Songxue and Education in Academies of Classical Learning of the Early Qing Dynasty[J].Journal of Nanjing Xiaozhuang College,2007,23(4):100-104. |
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| Authors: | LIU Yu-cai |
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| Institution: | Beijing University, Beijing 100871 |
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| Abstract: | In the early Qing Dynasty, Cheng's and Zhu's Songxue, a Confucian school of the idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties, was advocated when the problem of emptiness with the philosophy of the mind in the late Ming Dynasty was identified and seriously considered. The prevalence of Songxue was mainly to be realized by means of education in schools and academies of classical learning and therefore in most of the academies, Songxue was the main goal for learning. Besides, oral instruction, a traditional method, was carried forward and thus the aim of training in good manners was emphasized, which was followed by learning for examinations. Some famous feudal officials such as Tang Bin, Chen Hongmou, Zhang Boxing and others who were also scholars of Songxue were deeply interested in the establishment of academies of classical learning where education was provided. Among many of the established academies, Aofeng Academy in Fujian and Ziyang Academy in Suzhou, founded by Zhang Boxing, made remarkable achievements. In the years of Qianlong, however, the academies advocating Songxue and those emphasizing examinations merged day by day into one kind that, in fact, became an appendage of the imperial examinations and then they faded out of the circle of academia. Instead, the academies that upheld the study of Confucian classics came into being and prevailed. |
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| Keywords: | Songxue academy of classical learning education Zhang Boxing |
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