| 城市化与市民体育的兴起——美中城市体育发展之比较 |
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| 引用本文： | 熊欢.城市化与市民体育的兴起——美中城市体育发展之比较[J].体育科学,2008,28(1):13-21. |
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| 作者姓名： | 熊欢 |
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| 作者单位： | 爱尔兰国立科克大学,爱尔兰中国研究院 |
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| 摘 要： | 就美国和中国城市变革对体育的发展的影响探讨中、美市民体育的不同发展路径.通过文献分析、访问调查、参与观察以及比较研究,认为美国的城市化过程是一个自下而上的自然发展过程,城市体育的发展随之也是一种渐进的、历史的、社会的进化(evolution)过程;而中国的城市化比较复杂,体育的发展和城市化一度并不成并行发展的趋势,直到改革开放以后,当城市中出现了市场机制,市民体育的动力因素才在市场的刺激下开始出现了一些具有革新性的变化,这个过程与美国市民体育的发展有类似之处,但也存在着明显的差异.中国城市社会需要有一个良性的经济、政治、文化环境来创建具有中国特色的市民体育.
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| 关 键 词： | 城市化 群众体育 体育制度 价值观 中国 美国 城市化 体育发展 比较 Sport Civil Rising Urbanization America Development 文化环境 政治 经济 差异 存在 变化 刺激 市场机制 动力因素 市中 改革开放 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-677X（2008）01-0013-09 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-09-26 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-12-06 |
Urbanization and the Rising of Civil Sport: Comparative Study on Urban Sport Development between America and China |
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| XIONG Huan.Urbanization and the Rising of Civil Sport: Comparative Study on Urban Sport Development between America and China[J].China Sport Science,2008,28(1):13-21. |
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| Authors: | XIONG Huan |
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| Abstract: | This paper examined the rising of American and Chinese sport under the urbanization and compared how the different way of urbanization shaped two patterns of sports evolution in cities. Through using the method of literature review, interview, observation and comparison, the author found out that urbanization in America was a natural process driven by the economic and social forces. Accordingly, the rise of urban sport was an evolution rather than revolution, deeply embedded in the historical transformation of urban society. On the contrary, the rise of sport in China was more complex in the political and historical context of Chinese urban society, which had resulted that the development of urban sport was unparallel with the urbanization. However, this situation has been changed along with the market-oriented reformation in cities. Chinese urban sport has appeared some dramatic changes, which process had similarities with the sport in America. To further promote sport participation at the grassroots requires creating an organically economic, political and cultural environment in Chinese cities. |
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| Keywords: | urbanization civil sport sport institution value China American |
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