| 权利抑或特权：奥运会参赛权法律性质辨析——平昌冬奥会俄罗斯运动员及辅助人员体育仲裁案例述评 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭树理.权利抑或特权：奥运会参赛权法律性质辨析——平昌冬奥会俄罗斯运动员及辅助人员体育仲裁案例述评[J].上海体育学院学报,2020(1):39-48. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭树理 |
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| 作者单位： | 苏州大学王健法学院;江苏高校区域法治发展协同创新中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BTY007) |
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| 摘 要： | 俄罗斯国家奥委会遭国际奥委会(IOC)暂停成员资格,导致很多无辜运动员无法参加平昌冬奥会,国际体育仲裁院(CAS)平昌冬奥会特别仲裁机构处理的数起案件均涉及俄罗斯运动员的参赛资格问题。俄罗斯运动员在仲裁程序中败诉的主要原因是《奥林匹克宪章》规定:奥运会是IOC的专属财产、任何人不拥有参加奥运会的所谓权利、IOC可以拒绝任何人参赛而无须出具理由。IOC运用对奥运会的专属权利,无正当合理理由拒绝符合参赛条件的俄罗斯清白运动员参赛,有构成垄断的嫌疑。符合参赛选拔条件、且不存在禁止性限制因素(如兴奋剂禁赛处罚在身)的清白运动员参加奥运会,是他们的权利,而不是IOC赋予他们的特权。切实保护运动员参赛权利是各国法院和国际体育仲裁院在处理体育参赛资格案件中的一贯立场,平昌冬奥会仲裁庭的实践过于保守。奥林匹克运动体育善治的改革,要求必须对《奥林匹克宪章》进行修改,最大限度地保护运动员的参赛权利,实现《运动员权利与义务宣言》的宗旨。
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| 关 键 词： | 平昌冬奥会 权利 特权 运动员 参赛资格 垄断 《奥林匹克宪章》 |
Right or Privilege:Legal Nature of Competition Eligibility of Olympic Games:Comments on the Russian Athletes Arbitration Cases in Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games |
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| GUO Shuli.Right or Privilege:Legal Nature of Competition Eligibility of Olympic Games:Comments on the Russian Athletes Arbitration Cases in Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games[J].Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute,2020(1):39-48. |
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| Authors: | GUO Shuli |
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| Institution: | (Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,Jiangsu,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Rule of Law Development of Universities and Colleges in Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China) |
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| Abstract: | The sanctions on Russian National Olympic Committee by International Olympic Committee(IOC)led to lots of Russian athletes missing the Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games.Most cases resolved by Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS)Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games Ad Hoc Division are involved in the dispute of Russian athletes’eligibility.The reason why the Russian athletes failed in their arbitration application was that he clauses in Olympic Charter which stipulated that Olympic Games are the exclusive property of the IOC,Nobody is entitled as of right to participate in the Olympic Games,and the IOC,which may,at its discretion,refuse any entry,without indication of grounds.IOC using its exclusive property right to refuse the innocent athletes to participate in the Olympic Games without proper and resealable grounds may constitute monopoly.The innocent athletes who achieved the standards of eligibility have the right to participate in the Olympic Games,and this right is not a privilege given by IOC.The reform of good governance in Olympics requests the amendment of Olympic Charter to protect the competition right of the athletes to realize the purpose of Athletes’Rights and Responsibilities Declaration. |
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| Keywords: | Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games right privilege athlete competition eligibility monopoly Olympic Charter |
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