| 英军焚毁圆明园事件与“国际法” |
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| 引用本文： | 王开玺.英军焚毁圆明园事件与“国际法”[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2012(2):55-65. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王开玺 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学历史学院,北京,100875 |
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| 摘 要： | 1860年10月,英国首席代表额尔金以清政府虐待英法"侨民"致死"违犯国际公法"为借口,悍然下令侵华英军劫掠并焚毁了圆明园等中国皇家园林。查证史实,可知当时并未形成世界意义上的"国际法",美国人惠顿的法学著作《万国公法》尚未传入中国,清政府也未签署任何有关战争的国际法文件。若就事论理,指出清廷违反人道主义是必要的,但责难清政府违反国际法却是没有道理的。反过来看,拥有国际法观念的英法军队对身受重伤的中方非战斗人员清宫太监,不但未进行必要的医疗救治,反而加戴镣铐,实施虐待,这种行径与他们标榜的国际法是相违背的。英法军队焚毁圆明园,劫掠文物,是违反他们自己的"国际法"的,是毁灭人类文明的野蛮犯罪。
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| 关 键 词： | 英法联军 额尔金 焚毁圆明园 国际法 惠顿 《万国公法》 现代国际法 |
The Event of British Army's Burning Down of YUANMINGYUAN and "International Law" |
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| WANG Kai-xi.The Event of British Army's Burning Down of YUANMINGYUAN and "International Law"[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Science Edition),2012(2):55-65. |
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| Authors: | WANG Kai-xi |
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| Institution: | WANG Kai-xi(School of History,BNU,Beijing 100875,China) |
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| Abstract: | In October 1860,James Bruce Elgin,the chief representative of the British Government,on the pretext that the Qing Government had violated the "international law" by maltreating the British and French residents in China to death,outrageously ordered to rub YUANMINGYUAN(the Old Summer Palace),the most representative of,and some other Chinese Royal Parks and burnt them down.Historical records show that there was no such thing as an "international law" in the world-wide sense.In fact,the jurisprudence work Elements of International Law by Henry Wheaton had not imported to China then,nor the Qing Government had signed any international documents concerning wars.Rationally,it is rational to point out that the Qing Government had defied the humanitarianism,but unreasonable that they had violated the international law.On the contrary,the British and French armies shackled and even ill-treated the non-military eunuchs from the Qing Court who suffered from severe wounds but received no medical treatment,a behavior that went against the international law.That is,they violated their own international law by burning down YUANMINGYUAN and rubbing and destroying of the historical relics,and hence committed barbarous crime of destroying human civilization. |
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| Keywords: | the Allied England and France armies James Bruce Elgin burning down the Old Summer Palace international law Henry Wheaton Elements of International Law modern international law |
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