| 中国早期自然博物馆中的两个方向——“学究式博物馆”与“公共教育博物馆” |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄维尹 |
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| 摘 要： | 近代中国政治、经济、文化等领域深受西方影响,早期自然博物馆的营建体现出了两个不同方向。西方对生物学的研究经历了博物学狭义化到实验生理学为主导的方法转向、博物馆内部教育功能的发展趋势以及外强入侵近代中国的社会背景,共同推动了中国早期自然博物馆的落地生根。西人营建的中国早期自然博物馆是欧洲自然史收藏体系下的一部分,这类“学究式博物馆”研究属性强,不以服务中国社会为目的,影响有限。而中国本土的不同阶层在传播博物馆观念与实践上均做出了各自回应,他们身处衰败之际与觉醒年代,肩负救亡图存之责任,其创办的一批“公共教育博物馆”彰显了对科学的求索,对国家未来的希冀。这些博物馆体现了科学传播的公共性价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 自然博物馆 近代中国 发展方向 公共教育 收藏研究 Two Development Directions of Modern Chinese Natural History Museums:Research Type and Public Education Type Huang Weiyin |
Two Development Directions of Modern Chinese Natural History Museums:Research Type and Public Education Type |
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| Authors: | Huang Weiyin |
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| Abstract: | Deep influences made by western countries on politics, economy, culture and other fields of modern China led the construction of natural history museums to two different directions. The methodological shift of biological research in the West that from the narrow sense of natural history to experimental physiology, the development trend of the educational function of museums and the social background of foreign powers invading modern China, jointly promoted the establishment of modern Chinese natural history museums. The modern Chinese natural history museums built by westerners were part of the European natural history collection system. Such Research Type Museums had strong research attributes and was not aimed at serving Chinese society, so its influence was limited. People of different hierarchies in modern China made their own responses to disseminating the concept and practice of natural history museums. They took the responsibility of saving the nation in the age of decay and awakening; the establishment of a group of Public Education Type Museums demonstrated their quest for science and hope for the future of the country. These museums truly served to convey the public value of science. |
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| Keywords: | natural history museum modern China development direction public education collection research |
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