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1.
Mary Gardiner Jones 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):31-52
Abstract Since access to knowledge is a critical source of political and economic power, the new telecommunications technologies pose a challenge to business, government, and the academic community as well as private persons. The individual and social uses of the most recent technological applications in this field are explored in this paper; problems related to the harnessing of these advances to individual information needs and some of the policy issues generated by the new technologies are also discussed. 相似文献
2.
以长三角地区26个城市为样本,选取地方官员调整这一独特视角,利用2007-2016年间各城市市长数据,结合各城市三种类型专利申请受理数,构建动态面板数据模型,系统地考察了官员调整对辖区内技术创新活动的影响。研究结果表明,官员调整有助于地方的技术创新,能够使辖区内的专利申请数增加0.231个百分点,且这种影响具有超前效应。当新任市长第一学历为全日制本科或为非本地籍贯时,官员调整对技术创新的促进作用更显著;当新任市长未临近退休时,官员调整对技术创新的促进作用更大;当离任市长为长期任职时,官员调整对技术创新的促进作用更显著。进一步研究发现：官员调整对技术创新的促进作用主要来自于集中换届期;进入经济结构性减速时期之后,官员调整对技术创新的促进作用更加明显。此外,官员调整对技术创新的影响还表现出地域差异,即这种促进作用在普通地级市中表现得较弱。本文对于从地方官员调整视角和微观层面理解技术创新及地方政府落实创新驱动发展战略具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
3.
在国内外经济下行压力下,“减税降费”已成为增强企业活力,促进高质量发展的重要手段。不同于其他税费政策改革,社会保险降费政策会通过财务资本和人力资本两个方面影响企业发展。然而,该政策对企业高质量发展的影响及作用机制尚不明晰。基于此,本文以各地级市政府实施的社会保险降费政策作为外生事件,运用双重差分模型,从企业技术创新的微观视角,考察社会保险降费政策对企业高质量发展的影响。研究结果显示,社会保险降费政策有利于提高企业技术创新水平。进一步分析发现,社会保险降费政策主要通过增加研发投入和优化人员结构推动企业技术创新,但两条路径的影响存在差异：其通过研发投入可以同时促进企业实质性创新和策略性创新,其通过人员结构仅促进企业实质性创新。最后,异质性分析发现,相较而言,上述影响在国有企业及所处监管环境较好的企业中更为显著。本文的研究结论既为“劳动经济学与微观企业行为”领域的研究提供了增量证据,也为“减税降费”等营商环境优化措施提供理论支持。 相似文献
4.
跨国公司技术转移溢出效应区域差异分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
20世纪80年代以来，在以跨国公司为主导的全球化浪潮中，外国直接投资（FDI）已成为国际技术转移的主要方式。由于技术对经济持续增长的动力作用，跨国公司技术转移在世界经济发展中扮演着愈来愈重要的角色。同时，跨国公司技术转移对东道国尤其是发展中国家经济、社会发展的影响也在日益扩大。技术转移的大规模发生，不仅缓解了经济发展过程中的资本短缺，加快了国民经济工业化、市场化和国际化的步伐；而且使东道国技术水平、组织效率不断提高，从而提高国民经济全要素生产率（TFP），使国民经济走上内生化增长的道路。本文在现有文献基础上，构建经济计量模型，以我国近年来具体数据为依托，运用计量经济方法进行检验和分析。 相似文献
5.
Government, major information and communications technology (ICT) companies, and educational institutions in the United Kingdom currently claim that ICT skills training offers inclusion into the new economy. We focus on a private-public training initiative and its impact on the socially excluded, specifically lone women parents. Narrative data from four United Kingdom educational sites participating in this computer network engineer training program highlight a systemic paradox: that ICT skills development initiatives designed to support lone women parents are simultaneously working in opposition to broader policy goals such as work-life balance and ironically serve to reproduce the participants' classification as socially excluded. The assumptions underpinning the model of social inclusion driving the ICT skills training course are analyzed critically using the concepts of community of practice, classificatory systems, and marginalization. Our findings suggest that ICT training courses and initiatives should be accompanied by changes in pedagogic practice that accommodate the more wide-ranging needs of those targeted for inclusion, as well as changes in employment settings. We conclude by exploring the implications of this for government policy formation, business vendor qualifications, the design of ICT skills training initiatives, and our understanding of the role of ICT skills in overcoming the digital divide. 相似文献
6.
草场生态治理中出现了"集权化"和"技术化"趋势,地方政府的作用不断弱化。实地调查中发现,在利益驱动、政治社会压力、"地方性知识"等方面因素共同作用下,地方政府通过政策创新、组织创新、技术创新以及文化创新等手段,在草场生态治理中也发挥了积极作用。在"治理体系和治理能力现代化"的总体要求下,要充分认识地方政府在草场生态治理中的积极作用,将地方政府作为重要主体纳入生态治理体系,着力增强地方政府草场生态治理能力。 相似文献
7.
政务信息数量庞杂,如何管理及利用关系重大。本文通过对政务信息及政务信息管理的内涵描述,来进一步挖掘政务信息管理的驱动力,从政治力、经济力、文化力、社会力、技术力等5个方面来详细阐述,以期形成合力氛围强化政务信息管理。 相似文献
8.
阐释低碳科技创新的价值,明确低碳科技创新促进生态产业竞争力提升的功能定位,并从政府政策引导、经济利益驱动、竞争与协作、信息共享、以生态产品质量改善为目标的低碳技术持续创新等方面构建了以低碳科技创新促进生态产业竞争力提升的若干机制。 相似文献
9.
[目的/意义] 我国经济进入"新常态"的发展阶段,以互联网为代表的信息技术已然成为重要的经济引擎,在此背景下,由中国信息经济学会举办的主题为"信息经济理论创新与中国问题"的2016年度学术年会顺利召开。为了帮助学界了解在本次学术论坛上各位学者的最新研究成果,精准把握信息经济学的研究动态,[方法/过程] 本文根据会议主题和分论坛议题及讨论,以"信息经济统计测算与预测研究"、"政府管理的信息经济学研究"、"ICT对企业管理的影响研究"和"用户信息行为研究"4个方面为主题综述此次论坛的研究成果,[结果/结论] 发现现有研究方法趋向规范化和多元化,重视理论和实践的对话,诸多视角极具创新;尚存在"样本选择不全面"、"操作化测量欠准确"等问题,复杂情景下的多视角和多方法的结合是未来值得关注的研究方向。 相似文献
10.
全球经济发展的竞争,归根到底是人力资源的竞争。随着全球竞争的加剧,中国人力资源中所存在的问题对经济发展的制约作用逐渐凸显。企业发展、区域经济发展、全社会经济发展以及社会问题的解决都取决于国家的人力资源状况。政府是国家政策与制度的制定者,把握着人力资源发展的大方向。基于此,本文提出了建立人力资源型政府的概念,把人力资源的开发与保护作为政府工作的指导思想,以此为政府职能的转变方向提供新的思维空间。 相似文献
11.
基于国家知识产权局专利检索及分析平台2001-2015年专利转移记录,本文对中国城市技术转移的空间集聚特征及其对城市经济增长的作用机制进行了研究。结果发现：（1）2001-2015年,中国技术转移在城市尺度上表现出显著的空间相关性和空间集聚性,在空间格局上呈现出由多极格局向一超多强格局演进,长三角是中国技术转移最为活跃和频繁的区域;（2）空间计量分析发现技术转移服务于城市经济增长的作用不断突显,2001-2015年,中国城市技术经济发展路径经历了由集聚经济向扩散经济转变的历程。 相似文献
12.
Corporate dynamic transparency: the new ICT-driven ethics? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The term “corporate transparency” is frequently used in scholarly discussions of business ethics and corporate social responsibility
(CSR); however, it remains a volatile and imprecise term, often defined incompletely as “information disclosure” accomplished
through standardized reporting. Based on the results of empirical studies of organizational behaviors, this paper identifies
a new set of managerial practices based on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and particularly Internet-based
tools. These practices are resulting in what can be termed “dynamic transparency.” ICT allows for an informational environment
characterized by two-way exchange between corporations and their stakeholders, which fosters a more collaborative marketplace.
It is proposed that such dynamic information sharing, conducted by means of ICT, drives organizations to display greater openness
and accountability, and more transparent operations, which benefit both the corporations and their constituents. One of the
most important outcomes that will accrue to consumers and other individuals is the “right to know,” especially about corporate
strategies and activities that might directly affect their quality of life. This paper demonstrates that dynamic transparency
is more desirable and more effective than the more common “static transparency” where firms’ information disclosure is one-way,
usually in response to government regulation. We present three ethical arguments to justify the implementation by business
firms of dynamic transparency and demonstrate that their doing so is related to CSR and to augment and complement stakeholder
engagement and dialogue. The paper concludes with a summary of the possible limits to and the problems involved in the implementation
of dynamic transparency for corporations, and suggests some strategies to counter them. 相似文献
13.
Robin Mansell 《Research Policy》2021,50(9):104296
Innovation in digital technologies is central to contemporary debates about the need for policy and regulatory adjustment in response to the consequences of the centrality of these technologies in contemporary societies. Christopher Freeman's research in relation to changes in techno-economic paradigm and, specifically, in relation to the information and communication technology (ICT) paradigm, cautioned that assessments of these changes needed to go beyond market dynamics to examine social, cultural and political issues. In this paper several predominant themes in his work are foregrounded – the ambiguity of changes within the ICT paradigm; the role of guiding principles in influencing expectations about societal outcomes; and the importance of political factors in shaping the consequences of technological innovation. These three themes are then deployed in a discussion of recent innovations – two technical (5G mobile networks and artificial intelligence-as-a-service) and one institutional (proposals for changes in the international taxation regime in response to claims that the existing regime is inappropriate in the face of global online service provision). In each instance, the aim is to illustrate how following Freeman by giving attention to the themes operates as an important guide to analysis of adjustments to novel deployments of digital technology. The conclusion emphasizes the value of Freeman's contributions to shaping research agendas that acknowledge the need to humanize technology, to consider alternatives to taken-for-granted principles and practices, and to take into account the role of political power in tandem with concentrated economic power. 相似文献
14.
从博物馆免费开放政策的颁布实施,到各级政府对文化产业要素发展的高度重视,使得当前博物馆的社会功能日益多样化。在市场经济催生的文化产业大潮中,各级各类博物馆的政治功能、经济功能、文化功能、服务功能、教育功能都有着不同形式的体现。 相似文献
15.
为进一步厘清科技创新与粮食生产之间的关系,使用系统思考方法,结合"成长上限"基模,从社会市场经济、科技创新、政府制度三方面建立系统主体因素的因果反馈回路,探究粮食生产科技创新整体的内在机制,引入可持续发展策略、藏粮于技战略与动态协调机制促进系统均衡发展,并以科技创新环境为研究背景构建粮食生产科技创新路径,得出科技研发基... 相似文献
16.
Economic policy in Hong Kong is frequently cited as a shining example of the laissez‐faire model for development, with minimal government intervention. However, the government has played a bigger role in the economy than is often recognized, responding to market failures, social problems, and the needs of the business community. Information technology (IT) policy in Hong Kong has mirrored the colony's laissez‐faire economic strategy, with little government effort to promote the production or use of IT products and services. Hong Kong has become an advanced user of IT in several economic sectors and an assembly site for personal computer hardware. However, like much of the manufacturing sector, the computer industry is moving much of its production to China, causing concern about the future of Hong Kong's economy. While some people feel that Hong Kong can flourish as a financial and business services center, others feel that this role will be diminished as the Chinese economy liberalizes and other centers develop in mainland China. They argue that Hong Kong needs to upgrade its technological capabilities and develop technology‐intensive activities such as R&D and software development to complement China's manufacturing activities. The government has begun to respond with limited measures to encourage R&D, train more scientists, engineers, and managers, and support technology start‐ups. Hong Kong has the potential to develop software and information services industries to serve the Chinese market. It also can apply IT to other sectors to maintain its leadership as a financial, business services, transportation, and communications center. 相似文献
17.
《Research Policy》2022,51(8):104568
Economic complexity offers a potentially powerful paradigm to understand key societal issues and challenges of our time. The underlying idea is that growth, development, technological change, income inequality, spatial disparities, and resilience are the visible outcomes of hidden systemic interactions. The study of economic complexity seeks to understand the structure of these interactions and how they shape various socioeconomic processes. This emerging field relies heavily on big data and machine learning techniques. This brief introduction to economic complexity has three aims. The first is to summarize key theoretical foundations and principles of economic complexity. The second is to briefly review the tools and metrics developed in the economic complexity literature that exploit information encoded in the structure of the economy to find new empirical patterns. The final aim is to highlight the insights from economic complexity to improve prediction and political decision-making. Institutions including the World Bank, the European Commission, the World Economic Forum, the OECD, and a range of national and regional organizations have begun to embrace the principles of economic complexity and its analytical framework. We discuss policy implications of this field, in particular the usefulness of building recommendation systems for major public investment decisions in a complex world. 相似文献
18.
19.
Jadranka Švarc 《Research Policy》2006,35(1):144-159
This paper discusses the roles of socio-political factors and related public policies in the economic growth of Croatia, as well as their influence on its transition to a knowledge economy (KE). The Croatian experience might help to understand transition processes in other Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). This paper argues that Croatia has failed to capitalize on its inherited science base, which could have been used as a starting point in the transition towards a KE, because it has not made the shift from an obsolete socialist-style science policy to a modern innovation policy (IP); the latter is seen as the new policy paradigm necessary for structural adjustment to a KE.Covert socio-political growth factors shaped by the country-specific historical heritage of Croatia have prevented the recognition of the need for structural adjustment to the new technology regime, and have led to the belief that the IP is not only irrelevant but is also a relict of the state interventionism inherited from socialism, which was the most serious obstacle to policy reform.Examples drawn from the development of the IP and the National System of Innovation (NSI) in Croatia, which shares the socialist model of science policy and the socio-political context of the transition towards a market economy with other CEECs, can help to explain the failure of the IP. In the Croatian case, the decisive factors were the social state of so-called “semi-modernism” and the governance of the so-called “de-industrializing elite”.This paper concludes that the transition of a CEEC from a market economy to a KE requires a serious re-design of development policy, the effectiveness of which depends on social change determined by the political recognition and social assimilation of the new technological regime. In this sense, the current paper contributes to the understanding of the roles of social capital and governance in the economic growth of post-socialist countries. 相似文献
20.
《Research Policy》2022,51(3):104450
Economic complexity offers a potentially powerful paradigm to understand key societal issues and challenges of our time. The underlying idea is that growth, development, technological change, income inequality, spatial disparities, and resilience are the visible outcomes of hidden systemic interactions. The study of economic complexity seeks to understand the structure of these interactions and how they shape various socioeconomic processes. This emerging field relies heavily on big data and machine learning techniques. This brief introduction to economic complexity has three aims. The first is to summarize key theoretical foundations and principles of economic complexity. The second is to briefly review the tools and metrics developed in the economic complexity literature that exploit information encoded in the structure of the economy to find new empirical patterns. The final aim is to highlight the insights from economic complexity to improve prediction and political decision-making. Institutions including the World Bank, the European Commission, the World Economic Forum, the OECD, and a range of national and regional organizations have begun to embrace the principles of economic complexity and its analytical framework. We discuss policy implications of this field, in particular the usefulness of building recommendation systems for major public investment decisions in a complex world. 相似文献