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1.
This article examines the early history of the media remote control, focusing on the technical development of radio remotes in the 1920s and 1930s. Using a co-evolutionary model of technical change, it considers the technical and social conditions that served as the foundation for the first radio remotes. Drawing on patent records, it then examines the development, firstly, of wired radio remotes and, secondly, of wireless radio remotes, offering evidence of a direct patent-based link between the latter and the earliest successful wireless television remote of the 1950s.  相似文献   

2.
Based on a survey of 419 industry professionals responsible for maintaining radio station Web sites and a content analysis of 900 radio station Web sites, this study provides an overview of the state of Web radio in the late 1990s. This study investigates the extent of Web radio, the range of content offered on radio station Web sites, the benefits realized as a result of having a Web site, and the problems encountered with Web sites, and makes recommendations based on the findings. A general conclusion of this study is that although the Web presents a wealth of exciting possibilities, most radio broadcasters are currently underutilizing the Web and their Web sites.  相似文献   

3.
This research examines attitudes of college radio station general managers toward Internet webstreaming. Managers curtailed the practice in 2001 in response to demands from record companies and artists for payment of fees for streaming copyrighted recordings. Despite the legal and economic uncertainties surrounding the issue, approximately two thirds of the managers indicated they continue to stream their stations. The survey revealed that most general managers-whether full time or part-time-want their stations to stream, and they regard streaming as a valuable technology for extending station presence.  相似文献   

4.
From 1936 to 1961, this jingle alerted listeners to the beginning of the most popular local radio show in the history of Knoxville, Tennessee. For it was during those years that radio station WNOX aired the "Mid-day Merry-Go-Round." During the period when radio was king, stations produced a variety of programs in addition to those available through network affiliation. These local programs connected radio with their audiences, but the influence of the "Mid-day Merry-Go-Round" extended far beyond the listeners in Knoxville. The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution and influences of one such locally-produced show, the "Midday Merry-G0-Round."  相似文献   

5.
All-sports radio became a natural byproduct of the informational radio trend of the 1980s. It originated in New York and other large markets. Although it originated as a large market format, today there are dozens of sports radio stations on the air in markets large and small, with many major markets supporting more than one sports radio station. This article analyzes all-sports radio in a medium market, Peoria, Illinois, the 150th largest market in America. National sports networks provide an essential connection to big league sports in Peoria, but coverage of local sports is valuable in establishing a brand identity.  相似文献   

6.
Decision making could be described using 2 steps: (a) understanding the effects of a particular course of action and (b) selecting an action given this knowledge of effects. It is my contention that businesses wanting to advertise in radio have only partial information about the marketplace. There are approximately 500 commercial and community radio stations in Australia. However, only commercial radio stations, which make up 47% of the total radio stations in the country, systematically conduct radio surveys. In this article, I profile radio audiences in North Queensland, Australia using the list of values measure (LOV; Kahle & Kennedy, 1989). Also, I present the combinations of commercial and community radio stations that could deliver the maximum possible impact on the pertinent target market.  相似文献   

7.
We conducted a survey of radio station program directors and general managers to explore the perception and role of innovation within radio programming and the key factors that influence this perception. In the study, we found that, in general, programmers and general managers perceive little innovation in programming except at their own stations. Results also indicate perceptions that more risk taking is needed in radio programming, that risk taking is essential for the financial health of a station, that increased artist diversity and an innovative music rotation influence the perception of innovation at the station level, and that too many commercials are being placed within an average hour of programming.  相似文献   

8.
The Australian community radio sector has played an important role in the social movement of media democratization, both locally and more broadly, however, little attention has been paid to this sector as a social movement. This research maps the organizational history of Brisbane community radio station, 4ZZZ, to examine the impacts of institutionalism on the station, viewed as a social movement organization (SMO). It argues that while SMOs typically move from an oppositional position of protest to one that is increasingly institutional, this does not necessarily dilute the effectiveness of SMOs over time.  相似文献   

9.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 changed the nature of radio markets. Recent policy recommendations from the Federal Communications Commission and the U.S. Congress have led to questions about localism in local radio markets. This study analyzes station ownership, the number of clusters, radio programming, and audience data from 32 radio markets and compares the information for the years 2000, 2004, 2007, and 2010. The results suggested a degree of stability for the types and size of radio owners, the market power of local radio clusters, and the number and type of formats.  相似文献   

10.
Radio stations regularly conduct music research to determine what music they should play. Programming belief is that if they play music that people like better, more people will listen and listen longer, and the station's ratings will improve. This project utilizes Radio &; Records' Callout America® callout research of the top 30 songs on its Contemporary Hit Radio/Pop chart and their published CHR/Pop radio station playlists to compile an average favorability score for the music the station played. These scores were then compared to Arbitron ratings. Analysis found a statistically significant direct correlation between music research scores and Arbitron ratings.  相似文献   

11.
To a certain extent, the position of radio in Botswana since the colonial period has benefited significantly from recent developments in the media. The potency of radio as a mobile medium; its usefulness for public dialogue and entertainment; and its effectiveness as a less sophisticated technology that is easily accessible and adaptable in remote communities, have ensured that radio remains the most preferred and dominant medium of mass communication in Botswana. The recent introduction of the Internet and digital communication technologies also meant that in Botswana, radio is appropriately situated in the World Wide Web and mobile phones.  相似文献   

12.
This article explores the factors that contribute to the success of local commercial radio stations in Finland. Although the average station loses money, a few stations are profitable, and this study explores the reasons for their success. The study found that successful stations were less dependent on national advertising, spent less on major costs, and were more productive than the average station. It also found that successful local stations target older audiences, dominate their local radio markets, and have clear formats and a strong local orientation. Nearly all the differences result from choices within the scope of managers or in positioning and marketing strategies that are within the scope of management.  相似文献   

13.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 and ensuing radio ownership consolidation are often blamed for harming radio localism and the public interest. The present research sought to determine effects of local-market radio ownership concentration on listener opinions and use of radio—potentially indicative of stations' localism and public service—by surveying listeners in markets categorized by ownership concentration. Findings suggest concentration does not strongly influence perceptions; however, overall results indicate potentially negative consequences from local and national consolidation on amounts of local music, news, and public-service programming; live-local programming; and station responsiveness.  相似文献   

14.
This investigation explores the interaction between radio listenership, station attributes, branding and promotional strategies, and their impact on total audience and target audience transference during frequency switching. A multistation, single market switch in frequencies serves as the focus of this case study analysis. Although the enhancement or deterioration of signal strength is a primary contributor, stations whose formats had the greatest competition within the market and who had highly accurate and accessible Web sites did the best job of product differentiation through station branding and were most effective in maintaining and, in some cases, increasing audience share.  相似文献   

15.
This case study examines the local storytelling practices of two radio stations in Los Angeles: one a commercial hip-hop station, the other a public radio station managed by Minnesota Public Radio with a news-talk format. Interviews with station staff and direct observation of station practices provide data that reveal specific practices showing how stations can apply communication infrastructure theory in attempts to forge the connections between the media, community residents, and the local organizations that bind neighborhoods. Obstacles to sustaining these practices are noted, including commercial pressures and journalistic principles that may hinder advocacy.  相似文献   

16.
For decades, radio was primarily a hidden or unseen medium to listeners. In recent years, digital technologies have transformed radio to a medium that can both be seen and heard. In particular, visuals on social media have given audiences a real-time glimpse of broadcast operations and talent, while enhancing interaction with stations. This study examined how commercial stations across the United States portrayed themselves through posts on Instagram. Using a qualitative methodology and social semiotic theory, results of the study revealed two dominant themes of station posts—station promotion and community—that signified the essence of radio stations.  相似文献   

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18.
This magazine has observed that “we have neither adequately gathered the history of broadcasting nor acknowledged its importance.” At that time the lack and loss of primary historical data that might be of future use to broadcasters was being decried. Painstaking analysis and synthesis of such data would be the next, and most directly valuable, step. The following article is that sort of historical writing. It should be of interest to every broadcaster, and of use to those here and in other countries who need to examine the antecedents of the American system of economic support for broadcasting. The thesis of this article argues that it is possible to locate a period in the late 1920's in which broadcast facilities, audiences, programs, and station owner attitudes, were “right” for the national advertiser to enter upon radio sponsorship in a serious way.  相似文献   

19.
This article provides a historical account of Bush Radio, the oldest community radio station in Africa, based in Cape Town, South Africa. The creation of Bush Radio's precursor, the Cassette Education Trust (CASET) was a pivotal moment for the emergence of community radio on the continent. This people's history of Bush Radio tells the full story through the voices of the founders and staff, together with other sources of historical data. The article argues that although the apartheid state constructed essentialist racial and ethnic categories, CASET and later Bush Radio constantly positioned themselves in a space of liminality to interrogate and redefine these categories. Privileging an instrumentalist approach, this article shows the connections between ideology, politics, and economics as they converge to form the industrial structure, the political environment, and the cultural product of broadcasting.  相似文献   

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