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中国企业的基础研究投入与发达经济体的企业存在较大差距,被认为是制约产业核心技术能力发展与突破性创新的重要原因,因此探究中国企业开展基础研究的影响因素具有重要的理论与政策意义。本文通过分析北京中关村科技园区2005—2015年的企业调查数据,发现从事基础研究的企业在劳动生产率、规模、成立时间、资本密度等特征方面系统性区别于不从事基础研究的企业;企业人力资本水平对从事基础研究倾向性和基础研究强度具有显著的正向影响;研发补贴能够有效促进企业从事基础研究,同时国有企业更倾向于开展基础研究。企业基础研究偏好的异质性反映出,处于不同技术能力阶段的企业具有差异化的研发战略和吸收能力。 相似文献
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知识刚性与企业内部活动间的反馈影响机理、刚性形成与演化动态趋势的企业差异性,是认知并应对该知识依赖现象的关键问题。结合企业依赖信息系统业务流程的案例讨论,在刚性形成、影响与知识变革决策的理论分析基础上,通过关键因素的因果分析、函数与参数设定,构建了企业知识刚性的系统动力学模型。多情景设计下的仿真结果表明,企业知识刚性呈现前期逐渐增长、中期持续平稳和后期迅速下降的三阶段式单周期变化模式,效用强化因素促刚性增长,外部环境因素则是引发刚性突变的诱因。刚性基础值低、变革意识强的企业,呈现更快速的刚性增幅、程度更深的影响作用而存续周期较短,其知识更替频繁而效用较高。企业应明晰特定决策行为所引发知识刚性影响的连锁反应,采取提高变革意识、调节效用期望等方式,控制对现有知识的过度依赖,快速响应外部环境变化。 相似文献
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Sustainable technologies challenge prevailing business practices, especially in industries that depend heavily on the use of fossil fuels. Firms are therefore in need of business models that transform the specific characteristics of sustainable technologies into new ways to create economic value and overcome the barriers that stand in the way of their market penetration. A key issue is the respective impact of incumbent and entrepreneurial firms’ path-dependent behaviour on the development of such new business models. Embedded in the literature on business models, this paper explores how incumbent and entrepreneurial firms’ path dependencies have affected the evolution of business models for electric vehicles. Based on a qualitative analysis of electric vehicle projects of key industry players over a five-year period (2006–2010), the paper identifies four business model archetypes and traces their evolution over time. Findings suggest that incumbent and entrepreneurial firms approach business model innovation in distinctive ways. Business model evolution shows a series of incremental changes that introduce service-based components, which were initially developed by entrepreneurial firms, to the product. Over time there seems to be some convergence in the business models of incumbents and entrepreneurs in the direction of delivering economy multi-purpose vehicles. 相似文献
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This paper leverages the concept of absorptive capacity to explore whether similar configurations of intellectual capital (IC) are associated with the performance of relational capital in firms. It proposes a novel implementation of graph theory to analyse similarities in knowledge assets. We use Community Innovation Survey data to examine 5813 manufacturing firms in 13 business sectors and 13 European countries. While firms rely on external relations to compensate for a lack of internal assets, we find that a company’s propensity to cooperate in innovation is associated with its own IC profile. In particular, firms with common knowledge assets are more likely to benefit from business relational capital. The main contribution of this study lies in a holistic approach to understanding how similarities in knowledge assets are linked to gains in business relational capital. 相似文献
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Development of SMEs and heterogeneity of trajectories: the case of biotechnology in France 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Vincent Mangematin Stéphane LemariéJean-Pierre Boissin David CatherineFrédéric Corolleur Roger CoroniniMichel Trommetter 《Research Policy》2003,32(4):621-638
Biotechnology is an emergent sector based on the creation of research-intensive Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). While some SMEs are growing, most of them remain small, even those set-up several years ago. What is the pattern of development of the biotech sector? What are the patterns of development of firms? Studies on the development of high-tech SMEs have focused on a business model, in which entrepreneurs rely on growth forecasts to persuade capital investors (business angels and venture capitalists) to invest in a radical innovation project. Firms aim for a world market to industrialise their innovation, and initial public offering (IPO) enables initial investors to make profits that offset risky initial investment. While this model is appealing, it is simply one of the possible models of biotechnology development. Some firms are not designed to experience exponential growth, and choose to target local markets. Moreover, not all firms have the ambition of being listed on the stock exchange. Based on an in-depth analysis of the business and development of 60 French biotech SMEs, this article identifies two business models. By defining the development trajectories of each of these models, it highlights the temporary nature of the emergent model. 相似文献
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The literature surrounding Intellectual Capital (IC) theory has grown substantially over the last 10 years with new models, frameworks and approaches introduced for how to manage IC. Yet, the practical implication of deploying IC methods in an organisation and its impact on a firm's business model innovation and decision-making process is relatively unexplored. This paper will review one tool, the IC Navigator approach and its effectiveness as a tool for resource deployment analysis and its impact on a firm's future value creation activities. The paper reports on research that involved five manufacturing firms who participated in an action learning workshop series and particularly the workshop dedicated to using the IC Navigator approach. The usefulness of this model as a tool to reconfiguring a firm's resources, as perceived by the five firms, is examined and findings are presented. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104821
Where do firms innovate? Mapping their locations and directions in technological space is challenging due to its high dimensionality. We propose a new method to characterize firms’ inventive activities via topological data analysis (TDA) that represents high-dimensional data in a shape graph. Applying this method to 333 major firms’ patents in 1976–2005 reveals hitherto undocumented industry dynamics: some firms remain undifferentiated; others develop unique portfolios. Firms with unique trajectories, which we define and measure graph-theoretically as “flares” in the Mapper graph, tend to perform better. This association is statistically and economically significant, and continues to hold after we control for portfolio size, firm survivorship, and industry classification. 相似文献
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Globalization has contributed to the dismantling of national boundaries, which have enabled firms to compete and conduct business on a wider scale [Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Global transformations. Politics, economics and culture. Cambridge: Polity Press]. Firms can move freely between different markets using Internet-based technology. While access to such markets can provide firms with greater choice of suppliers and cost efficiencies, they need to be aware of challenges that can influence their business performance. With this in mind, we examine how these factors influenced Alcoa Alumina's drive to a global procurement platform through a global marketplace. The staged adoption process experienced at Alcoa Alumina offers a learning opportunity for other firms considering the transition to global marketplace. 相似文献
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Norwegian business spending on R&D is low by OECD standards. To stimulate business R&D, in 2002 the Norwegian government introduced a tax-based incentive, SkatteFUNN. We analyze the effects of SkatteFUNN on the likelihood of innovating and patenting. Using a rich database for Norwegian firms, we find that projects receiving tax credits result in the development of new production processes and to some extent the development of new products for the firm. Firms that collaborate with other firms are more likely to be successful in their innovation activities. However, the scheme does not appear to contribute to innovations in the form of new products for the market or patenting. 相似文献
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为了研究企业的长期竞争力,文章提出了一个关于业务活动一体化与反一体化决策的系统分析框架。从战略层面上,通过对业务活动过程进行分析,发现三种知识方面的因素影响一体化与反一体化决策。为此,以国内不同行业中的领先企业为调查对象,运用多项Logit回归的方法建立了有关决策的实证模型。在实证模型的预测基础上,进一步发现,一个简化了的基于知识的概念决策模型可以更好地帮助企业进行业务活动的一体化与反一体化决策。 相似文献
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How do Miles and Snow's strategic types differ in their knowledge assets? Evidence from Italian SMEs
This paper takes a knowledge-based view of firms and discusses the importance of linking organizational knowledge assets into corporate strategy. In order to conceptualize knowledge assets, the paper adopts the intellectual capital (IC) framework, which distinguishes three IC components: human, structural and relational capital. As regards business strategy, the paper adopts Miles and Snow's model, which identifies three strategic types of successful organizations: Defenders, Analysers and Prospectors. The paper explores the ways in which the three strategic types differ in weighting the single components of their IC. This study represents an attempt to extend the Miles and Snow typology including the aspect of knowledge assets. The link between knowledge asset management and strategy is investigated by means of three case studies conducted in Italian small and medium enterprises from the food sector. The paper argues that firms of different Miles and Snow strategic types have different mix of IC components. 相似文献
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The paper begins with research studying the concept and nature of Intellectual Capital (IC), as well as how close IC firms are to the stochastic frontier. Then basic concepts of complexity theory – such as agents, self-organized criticality (SOC), connectivities, fractals, and power laws (PLs) – are used to distinguish between two kinds of IC firms’ success: traditional SOC applications to how firms maintain their position in a changing industry vs. how an IC firm (such as Apple) creates a new stochastic frontier. The research sets up PLs as indicators of whether or not firms and industries are SOC-effective and includes propositions about: (1) How IC firms benefit from complexity dynamics and SOC; (2) How PL distributions are indicators of efficacious SOC and adaptivity; and (3) Why IC attributes serve to create more transient dynamics pertaining to the stochastic frontier and the rest of the industry's rank/frequency distribution. 相似文献
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一家企业的盈余管理行为将受到其他企业盈余信息披露决策的影响,从而导致了群体企业之间盈余管理行为的“羊群效应”。在动态博弈中,进行股权再融资的所有企业都实施最大可能的盈余管理构成子博弈纳什均衡,使虚增报告盈余的边际收益等于边际成本。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(7):104555
This paper analyses the link between the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and innovation performance in firms. Based on firm-level data from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2018, we examine the role of different AI methods and application areas in innovation. The results show that 5.8% of firms in Germany were actively using AI in their business operations or products and services in 2019. We find that the use of AI is associated with annual sales with world-first product innovations in these firms of about €16 billion (i.e. 18% of total annual sales of world-first innovations). In addition, AI technologies have been used in process innovation that contributed to about 6% of total annual cost savings of the German business sector. Firms that apply AI broadly (using different methods for different applications areas) and that have already several years of experience in using AI obtain significantly higher innovation results. These positive findings on the role of AI for innovation have to be interpreted with caution as they refer to a specific country (Germany) in a situation where AI started to diffuse rapidly. 相似文献
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Henry W. Chesbrough 《Research Policy》2003,32(4):659-678
Firms need to access skills, capital and customers to enter into an industry initially and the choices they make to access these resources are likely to exert path dependent influences over subsequent entry behavior into new sub-markets. This paper explores how firms configure themselves to access skills, capital and customers and reports data on their association with whether and when firms enter new sub-markets in the worldwide hard disk drive (HDD) industry. While, as with other studies, there appear to be geographic differences between US and Japanese firms in sub-market entry behavior, these are shown not to simply reflect differences in region: US startup firms with former IBM personnel and Japanese incumbent firms with keiretsu linkages to their customers, exhibit different entry behavior than other firms in the same region. The analysis suggests that entry decisions are influenced by firms’ configuration choices to access needed resources and that the menu of configuration options available to firm managers varies across different institutional settings. 相似文献
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Patents and the survival of Internet-related IPOs 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
We examine the effect of patenting on the survival prospects of 356 Internet-related firms that made an initial public offering on the NASDAQ at the height of the stock market bubble of the late 1990s. By March 2005, almost 2/3 of these firms had delisted from the exchange. Changes in the legal environment in the US in the 1990s made it much easier to obtain patents on software, and ultimately, on business methods, though less than 1/2 of the firms in our sample obtained, or attempted to obtain, patents. For those that did, we hypothesize that patents conferred competitive advantages that translate into higher probability of survival, though they may also simply be a signal of firm quality. Controlling for other determinants of firm survival, patenting is positively associated with survival. Quite different processes appear to govern exit via acquisition compared to exit via delisting from the exchange due to business failure. Firms that applied for more patents were less likely to be acquired, though if they obtain unusually highly cited patents they may be a more attractive acquisition target. These findings do generally not hold true for “business method” patents, which do not appear to confer a survival advantage. 相似文献
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选用2008-2014年沪深两市非金融行业的上市公司作为样本，本文研究了高管团队的职业背景对研发支出的自愿性披露的影响。研究发现：有研发职业背景的高管团队更可能在年报中披露公司的研发支出。在控制了公司创新强度、高管团队的其他特征（年龄、学历、性别），采用高技术行业样本，利用董监高研发职业背景比例，进行PSM配对等一系列稳健性检验后，上述结论依然成立。进一步区分高管类型发现，有研发职业背景的CEO、董事长和有学术研究背景的CEO对公司披露研发支出的可能性有显著正向影响，而CFO的职业背景对公司研发披露决策没有明显影响。本文将职业背景这一重要高管特征引入企业研发披露的研究领域，丰富了“高层梯队理论”与研发活动的会计信息披露的相关研究。 相似文献