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发展性阅读障碍是阅读障碍的亚类型。目前,关于发展性阅读障碍主要有语音缺陷理论、大细胞缺陷理论和小脑缺陷理论三种理论分析。随着认知神经科学的发展,研究者们采用各种手段对这三种理论进行了一系列研究,深化了对发展性阅读障碍的认识。 相似文献
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本研究以发展性阅读障碍儿童和典型发展儿童各20名为被试，采用发音抑制范式和无关言语范式，探讨语音回路的两个子成分即发音复述装置和语音存储装置对发展性阅读障碍儿童阅读理解的影响。结果发现：(1)发展性阅读障碍儿童组在正常阅读条件下的阅读成绩显著优于发音抑制条件和无关言语条件，发音抑制条件下的阅读成绩显著优于无关言语条件，而典型发展儿童组三种阅读条件下的阅读成绩无显著差异；(2)发展性阅读障碍儿童组在三种阅读条件下的阅读成绩均显著低于典型发展儿童组。这些结果说明语音回路的两个子成分对发展性阅读障碍儿童的阅读理解都有影响，且语音存储装置的影响更大；发展性阅读障碍儿童的语音回路对阅读理解的影响程度比典型发展儿童更大，其语音回路存在缺陷。 相似文献
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本文从心理语言学层面分析了语音意识、正字法意识、语素意识和快速命名等语言加工技能对儿童发展性阅读障碍的影响。这些分析有助于发现阅读障碍儿童不同的认知缺陷模式背后的共同本质属性,为探索发展性阅读障碍矫治的一般规律提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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本文对拼音文字体系的发展性阅读障碍儿童的语音意识研究进行了总结,在此基础上针对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童语音意识的研究进行分析,归纳.汉语阅读障碍儿童语音意识研究的被试取样、筛查标准、测验方法存在问题,导致语音意识的研究结论差异比较大.最后,探讨了汉语的特异性,语音意识研究应该切合汉语的特点,在被试取样、筛查标准、测验内容等方面规范该领域的研究. 相似文献
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《佳木斯教育学院学报》2016,(6)
在汉语发展性阅读障碍研究领域,研究者越来越关注语素意识。而语素意识缺陷是否为汉语阅读障碍的核心缺陷,这一争论到目前尚未有定论。不过,语素意识在汉语阅读中确实有着非常重要的作用。本文通过查阅各种文献,对汉语发展性阅读障碍的语素意识缺陷研究做了一个梳理。 相似文献
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借助Bicomb文本挖掘软件和SPSS17.0软件对我国近年来阅读障碍的研究热点进行分析,对高频关键词进行统计分析,经过矩阵转化,构造高频关键词聚类图和高频关键词多维尺度分析图,挖掘出阅读障碍的五大研究领域,分别是阅读障碍的认知和脑机制研究、脑功能和事件相关电位研究、眼动和病例对照研究、发展性阅读障碍的认知研究、阅读理解障碍的教育对策。 相似文献
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Maureen W. Lovett 《Annals of dyslexia》1984,34(1):153-178
An overview of the literature on developmental dyslexia is offered, moving historically from attempts to identify a single
underlying deficit to more recent efforts to define different subtypes of this developmental disorder. Two approaches to the
subtyping problem are illustrated and briefly discussed. It is suggested that many of the remaining questions in dyslexia
research could be more profitably addressed within the context of a coherent model of reading behaviour. In the latter half
of this review, the potential implications of some aspects of the interactive reading theories for the study of reading dysfunction
are explored.
Preparation of this review was supported by funds from the Medical Research Council of Canada, the Ontario Mental Health Foundation/COMSOC
Provincial Lottery Grants Program, and The Hospital for Sick Children Foundation. 相似文献
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发展性阅读障碍理论及研究范式简介 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前对发展性阅读障碍(Developmental Dyslexia,DD)的理论解释主要有语音缺陷论、小脑缺陷论及一般性大细胞功能障碍理论。在这些理论基础上,研究者们采用Oddball范式、侧抑制范式、RSVP范式、TOT范式、半视野呈现范式以及错误记忆范式等对DD的特点与本质进行了全面系统的研究。本文简略阐述了DD的理论基础以及DD研究中的各种实验范式,以期更多的人参与到DD的实验研究中来。 相似文献
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The present study aimed to investigate the double-deficit hypothesis (DDH) in an orthography of intermediate depth. Eighty-five European Portuguese-speaking children with developmental dyslexia, aged 7 to 12, were tested on measures of phonological awareness (PA), naming speed (NS), reading, and spelling. The results indicated that PA and NS were not significantly correlated, and that NS predicts reading fluency (but not reading accuracy and spelling) beyond what is accounted for by PA. Although the majority of the children with developmental dyslexia have double deficit (62.4%), some children have a single phonological deficit (24.7%) or a single NS deficit (8.2%). Children with a double deficit were not more impaired in reading fluency, reading accuracy, and spelling than both single-deficit subtypes. In conclusion, the findings of the present study are partially consistent with the DDH and provide evidence for the multifactorial model of developmental dyslexia. Implications of the DDH for an orthography of intermediate depth are emphasized.
相似文献14.
In this paper, I present a theoretical overview at the cognitive level of the role of phonological awareness in reading development
and developmental dyslexia across languages. My assumption is that the primary deficit in developmental dyslexia in all languages
lies in representing speech sounds: a deficit in “phonological representation.” I will argue that this deficit manifests in
somewhat different ways, depending on orthography. I will also argue that the phonological deficit in dyslexia is initially
at the syllable and onset-rime levels of phonological awareness, with the development of “phonemic” awareness being a consequence
rather than a precursor of reading. Finally, I will suggest that some of the processes underpinning language acquisition are
disrupted in dyslexia, in particular, the detection of rhythm in speech. 相似文献
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Previous research suggests that individuals with developmental dyslexia perform below typical readers on non-linguistic cognitive tasks involving the learning and encoding of statistical-sequential patterns. However, the neural mechanisms underlying such a deficit have not been well examined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the event-related potential (ERP) correlates of sequence processing in a sample of children diagnosed with dyslexia using a non-linguistic visual statistical learning paradigm. Whereas the response time data suggested that both typical and atypical readers learned the statistical patterns embedded in the task, the ERP data suggested otherwise. Specifically, ERPs of the typically developing children (n?=?12) showed a P300-like response indicative of learning, whereas the children diagnosed with a reading disorder (n?=?8) showed no such ERP effects. These results may be due to intact implicit motor learning in the children with dyslexia but delayed attention-dependent predictive processing. These findings are consistent with other evidence suggesting that differences in statistical learning ability might underlie some of the reading deficits observed in developmental dyslexia. 相似文献
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Hugh W. Catts 《Annals of dyslexia》1989,39(1):50-64
Despite recent developments in research and theory, investigators and practitioners continue to rely on rather traditional
definitions of dyslexia. This paper discusses some of the problems with traditional definitions and reviews a rapidly growing
body of research that suggests a more comprehensive definition. According to this definition, dyslexia is a developmental
language disorder that involves a deficit(s) in phonological processing. This disorder manifests itself in various phonological
difficulties as well as a specific reading disability. 相似文献
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Fifteen Portuguese children with dyslexia, aged 9–11 years, were compared with reading and chronological age controls with
respect to five indicators related to the phonological deficit hypothesis: the effects of lexicality, regularity, and length,
implicit and explicit phonological awareness, and rapid naming. The comparison between groups indicates that Portuguese children
with dyslexia have a phonological impairment which is revealed by a developmental deficit in implicit phonological awareness
and irregular word reading (where younger reading level controls performed better than dyslexics) and by a developmental delay
in decoding ability and explicit phonological awareness (where dyslexics matched reading level controls). These results are
discussed in relation to the idea that European Portuguese is written in an orthography of intermediate depth. 相似文献
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发展性阅读障碍儿童语篇阅读中的笔画数效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用识字量测试、拼音测试、阅读理解测试、正字法测试、快速命名测试五项测试任务从小学五年级120名学生和小学三年级132名学生中筛选出五年级11名阅读障碍生和三年级12名能力匹配生,利用眼动技术对汉语阅读障碍儿童语篇阅读过程的眼动特征及其视觉认知加工特点进行了初步探索。结果表明：两组被试在平均注视时间、平均眼跳幅度和总注视时间三项指标上均没有显著差异,在目标词的眼动指标上也差异不显著。两组被试均发现显著的笔画数效应。以上结果支持了发展性阅读障碍只是一般的发展落后的观点。 相似文献