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一个学校要知道各年级学生的身体发育或身体素质发展水平,不能只靠表面观察和主观估计,而应当对一定数量学生进行抽样调查研究,在掌握统计数值的基础上进行分析,才能作出科学的判断。在学校体育、卫生工作中,对同年龄、同性别学生的身体发育情况(如身高、体重、胸围、肺活量等测量指标)和身体素质发展水平(速度、力量、耐力、灵敏性等项目的测试成绩),体育课成绩考核的评分标准等,往往采用平均数来说明同一类研究对 相似文献
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一、前言近几年来,随着体育科学的发展。人们对运动训练中影响提高的诸多因素进行更加精细的研究。从有关资料中得知,目前对众多因素的多项测试指标的综合评价方法,往往采用平均加权或经验加权的求和计算。这种方法误差较大,比如对某个运动员身体素质进行测定,一般采用综合评价的方法,即各因素(包括速度、力量、弹跳、灵敏性等)的成绩用计分法来算,其换算原则是要在一定范围内才算分,如:反应速度的百米指际,一定要提高0.1秒 相似文献
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体育测量学是体育专业的基础理论和实践课之一。它由人体运动能力和身体素质测量两部分组成。身体素质又是运动生理学重要内容之一,它包括力量、速度、耐力、柔韧、灵敏和协调等能力。其中,协调机能反映了神经系统对肌肉活动的调控能力。目前,国内外对于力量、速度、有氧耐力和无氧耐力、柔韧和灵敏等身体素质均有比较完善的客观测试手段。但是,人体的协调机能尚缺乏客观的测试方法,在体育测量和选材方面往往忽视这一重要指标。 相似文献
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我国女子沙滩排球运动员专项身体素质特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用文献资料及问卷调查等方法,对我国女子沙滩排球运动员专项身体素质特征进行研究。结果表明,灵敏性、协调性、速度耐力、短距离移动速度、爆发力等,构成了女子沙滩排球运动员的主要身体素质内容。 相似文献
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<正>立定跳远是跳跃项目中的一类,它可以增强腿部力量,提高弹跳能力,发展速度、力量、灵敏、协调等素质。由于它的技术动作简单,所需场地不大,器材简易,因此把它作为身体素质测验必不可少的项目之一。如小学的体育达标测试;初中升高中的体育加试;高 相似文献
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本文按照国家《成年人体质测试细则及评分标准》,对西藏民族学院2002级新进校女生身体素质进行了测试和评定,结果显示:目前藏族女生身体素质总体偏差(特别是在力量和灵敏性上),并分析了影响大学生身体状况的主要因素,为进一步改进和提高西藏高校体育工作提供了科学参考。 相似文献
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身体素质类型的体育游戏通常指的是能提高人体肌肉活动的基本能力以及人体各器官系统的机能在肌肉工作中的综合反映的一种体育手段.身体素质类体育游戏一般包括力量游戏、速度游戏、耐力游戏、灵敏游戏、柔韧游戏等.一个人身体素质的好坏与遗传有关,但与后天的营养和体育锻炼的关系更为密切,通过正确的方法和适当的锻炼,可以从各个方面提高身体素质水平.身体素质类型的体育游戏在中学体育教学中运用所产生的作用是本文要探讨的问题. 相似文献
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顾善光 《体育成人教育学刊》2004,20(2):21-22
通过教学实验、问卷调查对高校体育课外活动采用俱乐部形式进行了研究，结果表明：实验班学生在身体素质、体育知识的掌握及对体育的认知程度和参加体育锻炼的积极性方面，都明显优于传统课外活动形式的对照班学生。采用俱乐部活动形式，对提高学生的身体素质、培养良好的体育意识及兴趣、掌握运动能力等方面有着极大的促进作用。 相似文献
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体育课是我国学生素质教育的重要组成。高校体育教学应该帮助学生掌握基本的体育知识与技能,帮助学生生理素质与心理素质的提升,其包括培养学生柔韧性、灵敏性、力量、速度等多个方面的身体素质,以及学生高尚情操、团结互助等思想品德。根据《国家体质健康标准》的要求及当前大学生身体素质与体质健康状况,各大高校积极利用体育课帮助学生增强体质、提高身体素质,只有这样才能使得大学生更好地发展自我,提高身体综合素质,适应未来的社会环境。 相似文献
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Agility literature review: classifications, training and testing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
At present, no agreement on a precise definition of agility within the sports science community exists. The term is applied to a broad range of sport contexts, but with such great inconsistency, it further complicates our understanding of what trainable components may enhance agility. A new definition of agility is proposed: "a rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus". Agility has relationships with trainable physical qualities such as strength, power and technique, as well as cognitive components such as visual-scanning techniques, visual-scanning speed and anticipation. Agility testing is generally confined to tests of physical components such as change of direction speed, or cognitive components such as anticipation and pattern recognition. New tests of agility that combine physical and cognitive measures are encouraged. 相似文献
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试论运动灵敏性的概念及其分类 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从生理学、心理学和词义学视角对运动灵敏性进行解读,运用逻辑论证和统计学论证的方法对运动中的灵敏性概念和分类问题进行探讨后认为,体育运动中的灵敏性定义为处在特定运动场景中的肢体感受刺激,并根据需要迅速改变方向或变换动作的能力.并将运动灵敏性分为判断与决策能力、变换动作能力和改变方向能力三类. 相似文献
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跆拳道作为一项对抗性的竞技运动,对运动员的体能有着很大的要求,在跆拳道的对抗中,体能的不足会严重影响运动员对技战术的执行能力,尤其是在对跆拳道运动竞技规则的改变以后,对运动员的体能提出了更高的要求。在日常训练中,教练员对跆拳道运动员进行训练时会选用核心力量训练,但是关于核心力量对于运动员体能的影响研究的不是很多。文章通过对大连市20名跆拳道优秀运动员进行研究,文章从力量、速度、耐力、灵敏和柔韧五个方面入手,确定测试指标,分别对运动员在进行核心力量训练前后对其进行体能测试,并对获得的数据进行分析,以此来研究核心力量训练对运动员体能训练的影响。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):137-143
AbstractDorsiflexion sport shoes aim to increase jumping capacity and speed by means of a lower position of the heel in comparison with the forefoot, favouring additional stretching of the ankle plantar flexors. In previous studies, contradictory results have been found on the benefits of using this type of shoe. With the aim of comparing a dorsiflexion sport shoe model (DF) with a conventional sport shoe (CS), 41 participants performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) test and an agility test (MAT) with both models of shoe. There were no significant differences in the jump test [CS=35.3 cm (6.4) and DF=35.6 cm (6.4), P>0.05]. In the agility test, the conventional shoe obtained better results than the model with dorsiflexion with regard to time taken to complete the circuit [CS=6236 ms (540) and DF=6377 ms (507), P<0.05)]. In spite of producing pre-stretching of the plantar muscles, the DF sport shoes were not effective for improving either jump power or agility in a specific test. 相似文献
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Arianna Ceschia Stefano Giacomini Simone Santarossa Miriam Rugo Desy Salvadego Alessandro Da Ponte 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):271-278
The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity. 相似文献
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何钢 《西安体育学院学报》2012,29(3):376-380
为了解我国优秀女子摔跤运动员体能特点,采用调查、测试和数理统计方法对我国53名优秀女子摔跤运动员体能结构指标进行测试与分析。结果表明:(1)优秀女子摔跤运动员在身体形态上发生良好的适应性变化,具体表现为身材、身体充实度和去脂体重较高,体脂含量较低;(2)优秀女子摔跤运动员磷酸原供能能力较好,心血管系统机能良好,并具备较强的有氧代谢能力,但糖酵解供能能力有待加强;(3)不同级别选手运动素质方面表现出较大的差异性,具体表现为在最大力量方面大级别运动员优势明显,而在速度、灵敏、耐力方面中小级别运动员则具备较大的优势。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):237-242
Abstract Evasive change-of-direction manoeuvres (agility skills) are a fundamental ability in rugby union. In this study, we explored the attributes of agility skill execution as they relate to effective attacking strategies in rugby union. Seven Super 14 games were coded using variables that assessed team patterns and individual movement characteristics during attacking ball carries. The results indicated that tackle-breaks are a key determinant of try-scoring ability and team success in rugby union. The ability of the attacking ball carrier to receive the ball at high speed with at least two body lengths from the defence line against an isolated defender promoted tackle-breaks. Furthermore, the execution of a side-step evasive manoeuvre at a change of direction angle of 20–60° and a distance of one to two body lengths from the defence, and then straightening the running line following the initial direction change at an angle of 20–60°, was associated with tackle-breaks. This study provides critical insight regarding the attributes of agility skill execution that are associated with effective ball carries in rugby union. 相似文献
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Nikki Rommers Mireille Mostaert Lennert Goossens Roel Vaeyens Erik Witvrouw Matthieu Lenoir 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):196-203
This study investigated differences in generic and soccer specific motor coordination, as well as speed and agility depending on age and maturity in elite youth soccer players (U10-U15, N = 619). Measurements included body height, body weight and sitting height to estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV); three Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder subtests (i.e. jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB)) to assess generic motor coordination; the UGent dribbling test for soccer specific motor coordination; a 5m/30m sprint and T-test for speed and agility, respectively. Age specific z-scores of the predicted APHV identified players as earlier, on time or later maturing. (M)ANOVA analyses showed significant age by maturity interaction effects for the speed and agility test cluster, revealing maturity related differences in U14 and U15 players. Next to an overall higher performance with age for all test clusters (η2 0.080–0.468), earlier maturing players outperformed their later maturing peers in 5m/30m sprinting. The opposite was seen for JS and BB. So, players’ maturity status should be taken into account to adequately value performance in talent identification. Also, the focus on characteristics that appear to be minimally biased by an earlier maturational timing (i.e. motor coordination) should be increased. 相似文献
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土家族棉花球的开发试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过挖掘、整理和创新土家族棉花球运动，开发了民族体育资源。主要结论：棉花球运动是一项以扣篮为中心的民族特色体育项目，具有趣味性高、观赏性强，易普及、易推广的特点；它对提高青少年力量、速度、耐力、灵敏等素质具有较高的锻炼价值。 相似文献
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对长期从事太极拳运动的老年人与普通老年人的心率、血压、肺活量、台阶试验指数、力量、柔韧、灵敏等各项生理指标和运动素质进行测试比较,研究结果显示：长期从事太极拳运动的老年人与普通老年人的身体机能和运动素质等大多数指标存在着明显的差异,表现为从事太极拳运动的老年人的身体机能与运动素质等指标优于普通老年人,这说明长期从事太极拳锻炼能够减少外周血管阻力,改善外周循环,降低安静心率与血压,提高肺活量和台阶指数以及力量、柔韧、灵敏等素质,对老年性外周循环障碍起到良好的保健作用,太极拳运动对减缓心、肺功能下降的速度,维持和提高老年群体身体素质具有积极的促进作用。 相似文献