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1.
将创伤性记忆引入小说<祝福>中祥林嫂的心理分析,会发现祥林嫂存在着两组独特的心理机制:窥视与反窥视之间:施虐与受虐的平衡.在此基础上,笔者以人物的创伤性记忆为突破口,试图形成新的文学研究视角和方法. 相似文献
2.
何宇洪 《绵阳师范高等专科学校学报》2011,(1):55-59
尤金.奥尼尔一生的创作多来源于他生活的悲剧和创伤体验,其自传性戏剧《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》更是他对个人和家庭创伤性记忆的书写。作品中人物的创伤性经历以及他们表现出来的创伤后压力综合症的症状,可以证明《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》是一部创伤作品。奥尼尔通过对个人和家庭创伤性记忆的书写,进行自我疗救,达到了灵魂的宁静,从而完成了心灵的自我救赎。 相似文献
3.
何宇洪 《绵阳师范学院学报》2011,30(1):55-59
尤金.奥尼尔一生的创作多来源于他生活的悲剧和创伤体验,其自传性戏剧《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》更是他对个人和家庭创伤性记忆的书写。作品中人物的创伤性经历以及他们表现出来的创伤后压力综合症的症状,可以证明《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》是一部创伤作品。奥尼尔通过对个人和家庭创伤性记忆的书写,进行自我疗救,达到了灵魂的宁静,从而完成了心灵的自我救赎。 相似文献
4.
Mayer多媒体学习的认知理论模型涉及感觉记忆、工作记忆、长时记忆三大基本部件和五大认知加工过程,但其科学基础仍有待深入考察。认知神经科学对感觉记忆、工作记忆和长时记忆的探索成果为多媒体学习认知理论奠定了更为深层的科学基础。认知神经科学认为,感觉记忆中的视觉记忆和声觉记忆在信息存储量、表征与编码、保持时间等方面存在互补,为多媒体学习认知理论中＂双重通道假设＂提供了更深层次的科学基础。工作记忆是多媒体学习认知加工过程的主要处理单元,认知神经科学基于脑成像技术提出的工作记忆加工成分结构及其功能定位模型和语音短时记忆功能模型,揭示了工作记忆中的信息处理机制,进一步推进了对工作记忆的基础研究。认知神经科学将长时记忆分为陈述性记忆和程序性记忆,长时记忆中信息存储的层次网络模型、激活扩散模型、集理论模型等更深入地推进了多媒体学习认知加工过程的科学基础。德国心理学家Schnotz从描述性表征和描绘性表征两个方面提出了多媒体学习＂图文理解整合模型＂（ITPC）,这一模型揭示了图文理解的过程机制,是当前多媒体学习认知理论模型的最新发展成果。 相似文献
5.
青少年在经历巨大创伤性事件后,内心遭受重创,心理反应表现出独有特点．主要反映在：（1）情感上,抑郁程度重,焦虑情绪高．（2）认知上,对自身及世界的消极认知固着,记忆出现不同程度的障碍,特别是言语记忆受损严重．（3）意志上,表现为更封闭、退缩,生活动力相对缺失,内倾性增大．（4）行为上,易形成各种不良的习惯,同伴间的攻击行为增多．对此可以采用认知行为疗法、精神催眠辅助治疗、症状监控、多维家庭治疗技术等进行干预． 相似文献
6.
赵庆玲 《河南广播电视大学学报》2008,21(3)
托妮·莫里森倾向于在作品中表现创伤和创伤性的体验,在她的两部重要作品<宠儿>和<天堂>中,无论是对集体种族的创伤记忆的表现,或是对以女性为主的创伤性体验的言说,都流溢出了浓浓的创伤情结.但是,在此之上,托妮·莫里森能够及时地向人们指明走出记忆、走过创伤的重要性和必要性,尤为难得. 相似文献
7.
彭晓风 《阜阳职业技术学院学报》2023,(2):53-55
基于认知负荷理论,以F学校大一非英语专业学生为研究对象,了解不同词汇呈现方式对英语学习者词汇记忆效果以及记忆认知负荷的影响。结果显示,在即时记忆过程中,纸质文本呈现方式和多媒体呈现方式对学生词汇记忆效果没有影响;在延时记忆过程中,多媒体呈现方式对学生词汇记忆的效果更好,而且多媒体呈现方式可降低学生的认知负荷水平,有利于学生的词汇记忆。 相似文献
8.
王国钧 《大连教育学院学报》2012,28(2):70-71
图式疗法认为,杏仁核贮存包括创伤性事件的情绪记忆,这决定了不良图式的特点,图式治疗就是通过大脑皮层控制杏仁核,削弱图式的情绪记忆和躯体感觉,实现消除不良图式的治疗目标。 相似文献
9.
杜领利 《南昌教育学院学报》2013,(9):146-147
记忆训练是交替传译教学中的重点。教学中使用的记忆训练方法背后的认知规律是什么?教学中如何运用这些认知规律来指导记忆训练?本文对这些记忆训练方法进行了认知研究,从图式理论对这些方法一一进行了探讨,并对图式理论对口译教学的启示进行了分析。 相似文献
10.
前瞻记忆是指对意向或计划的记忆。研究采用双任务范式,以n-back任务为进行中任务,考察不同认知负荷水平下时间管理倾向对前瞻记忆的影响。结果发现：在中、高认知负荷条件下,积极时间管理倾向者在前瞻记忆中的表现好于消极时间管理倾向者,说明随着认知负荷的增加,需要有效时间管理策略的调控;前瞻记忆在背景任务为1-back、2-back中的加工需要认知资源参与,但在3-back中对认知资源需求不敏感,说明前瞻记忆采用何种加工方式,取决于特定因素,如背景任务的难度等。 相似文献
11.
文章探讨了儿童灾难后心理应激状态下出现的创伤后应激障碍,分析了不同灾难下儿童经历创伤后应激障碍的发生率和儿童创伤后应激障碍的症状表现,并对经历地震的儿童创伤后应激障碍的干预提出一些有效的途径。 相似文献
12.
R Joseph 《Child abuse & neglect》1999,23(8):715-727
BACKGROUND: The relationship between traumatic emotional stress, hippocampal injury, memory loss, and traumatic ("dissociative") amnesia was examined. METHOD: A survey of the research on emotional trauma, learning, memory loss, glucocosteroid stress hormones, and the hippocampus was conducted, and animal and human studies were reviewed. RESULTS: It is well documented and has been experimentally demonstrated in animals and humans that prolonged and high levels of stress, fear, and arousal commonly induce learning deficits and memory loss ranging from the minimal to the profound. As stress and arousal levels dramatically increase, learning and memory deteriorate in accordance with the classic inverse U-shaped curve. These memory deficits are due to disturbances in hippocampal activation and arousal, and the corticosteroid secretion which can suppress neural activity associated with learning and memory and induce hippocampal atrophy. Risk and predisposing factors include a history of previous emotional trauma or neurological injury involving the temporal lobe and hippocampus, the repetitive and prolonged nature of the trauma, and age and individual differences in baseline arousal and level of cortisol. CONCLUSIONS: Although some victims may be unable to forget, amnesia or partial memory loss is not uncommon following severe stress and emotional trauma. Even well publicized national traumas may induce significant forgetting. Memory loss is a consequence of glucocosteroids and stress-induced disturbances involving the hippocampus, a structure which normally plays an important role in the storage of various events in long-term memory. 相似文献
13.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the mediational significance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the development of eating disorder symptomatology following sexually traumatic experiences. METHOD: Seventy-one victims of sexual trauma and 25 control subjects completed interviews and questionnaires assessing eating disorder psychopathology and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Mediational analyses were conducted examining the relationships among trauma, posttraumatic stress, and eating disorder symptoms. Mediational significance was assessed by the drop in the overall correlation between trauma and eating disorder symptoms when PTSD symptoms were included in the regression model. RESULTS: There is a significant association between a history of trauma and eating disorder symptoms. Also, there was a significant association between a history of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Importantly, the relationship between trauma and eating disorder symptoms was significantly reduced when posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were included in the regression analyses, indicating mediational significance of the posttraumatic stress construct. These findings were most pronounced for the physiological arousal and avoidance components of posttraumatic stress disorder. DISCUSSION: The present findings support the idea that individuals who develop eating disorders after sexual trauma are likely to have experienced posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. These findings have significant implications for causal models of eating disorder onset in trauma victims. Furthermore, clinical interventions for traumatized eating disordered individuals may benefit from a focus on posttraumatic stress symptomatology. 相似文献
14.
本文介绍了精神创伤和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的定义、生理心理机制和诊断标准,讨论了与创伤记忆和创伤模式有关的理论和应用问题。 相似文献
15.
《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(3):19-40
Inner city commuter college students differ from their more traditional college student peers in terms of age, backgrounds and life experiences. Embarking on a liberal arts education, however, requires a journey through self discovery which is similar to the experience of traditional students. Because many of our students present histories of traumatic events, and because the inner city campus itself is often surrounded by violence prone city streets, our students represent a population who are particularly likely to have had to deal with traumatic stress. The educational process, which calls into question prior ways of handling and understanding life, may make the emergence of post-traumatic stress disorder more prevalent among these students. Treatment for this disorder by college student counselors, within the context of the college campus, offers a unique opportunity to help our students master past events within the framework of their new college student identity. 相似文献
16.
Peer victimization (PV) has been associated with a number of negative psychological sequelae. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between PV and the symptomatology of post‐traumatic stress disorder, and no studies to date have examined this relationship in a rural sample. Adapted versions of the SEQ‐SR and the TSCC were used to assess the relationship between PV and post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in a sample of 244 rural youths (ages 10–14) in two school districts in a south‐central area of the United States. In addition to a positive relationship between PV and post‐traumatic stress symptomatology, the results indicated relatively high rates of adult presence and peer bystanding during PV experiences. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
17.
Mental health problems are common in war-affected areas, but children have different levels of vulnerability. Based on ecological theory (Bronfenbrenner, 2005), this study analyses how factors related to the child (cognitive capacity), their family (parental depression and parenting styles), and their school (teachers’ practices and peer relations) mediate the association between traumatic stress (traumatic war experiences and stressful life-events) and child mental health (posttraumatic stress and psychological distress symptoms). The participants were 303 Palestinian children (51.2% girls) of 10–13 years (M = 10.94 ± 0.50) and their parents from the Gaza Strip. The children filled in questionnaires during school classes and the parents did so at their homes. The results of structural equation modeling substantiated the hypothesis that parental depression, poor parenting and low-quality peer relations mediated between traumatic stress and children’s mental health problems. Contrary to the hypothesis, child-related factors did not mediate that association. To conclude, parents and peers provide important age-salient social resources for children in war conditions, and psychosocial interventions should therefore enhance their beneficial functions. 相似文献
18.
Many individuals diagnosed with eating disorders describe their disorder as being represented by an internal ‘voice’. In line with cognitive models of voice-hearing, previous research has identified associations between voice appraisals and eating psychopathology in anorexia nervosa. Whether these findings generalise to other eating disorder subtypes remains unknown. The aetiology of the internal eating disorder voice also remains unclear. Traumatic-dissociative models of voice-hearing, which link such experiences to decontexualised material arising from early traumatic events, might also be relevant to eating disorder groups. To determine whether cognitive models of trauma and voice-hearing apply across eating disorder subtypes, 85 individuals fulfilling ICD-10 criteria for an eating disorder completed self-report measures regarding eating disorder cognitions, voice-related appraisals, childhood trauma, and dissociation. The relative power of the eating disorder voice was found to be positively associated with experiences of childhood emotional abuse, and this relationship was partly mediated by dissociation. In addition, eating disorder voices appraised as powerful and benevolent predicted more negative attitudes towards eating across diagnostic groups, but were unrelated to disordered eating behaviours or weight. These findings suggest that the eating disorder voice plays a meaningful role in eating pathology across diagnoses and that this experience might be related, in part, to experiences of childhood maltreatment. Therapeutic implications are discussed. 相似文献
19.
酒精认知损害是指由饮酒而引起的认知功能障碍。国外研究从注意、记忆、决策和执行功能四个层面对酒精认知损害进行了较系统的探讨。针对该领域研究存在的问题,未来研究方向可能集中于大脑机制、研究路径和本土化研究等方面的进一步深化探讨。 相似文献
20.
Simkin P 《The Journal of perinatal education》2011,20(3):166-176
In this column, Kimmelin Hull, community manager of Science & Sensibility, Lamaze International's research blog, reprints and discusses a recent blog post series by acclaimed writer, lecturer, doula, and normal birth advocate Penny Simkin. Examined here is the fruitful dialog that ensued-including testimonies from blog readers about their own experiences with traumatic birth and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder. Hull further highlights the impact traumatic birth has not only on the birthing woman but also on the labor team-including doulas and childbirth educators-and the implied need for debriefing processes for birth workers. Succinct tools for assessing a laboring woman's experience of pain versus suffering are offered by Simkin, along with Hull's added suggestions for application during the labor and birth process. 相似文献