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1.
优秀田径运动员心率变异性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目的:分析优秀田径运动员心率变异性(HRV)特征,为HRV在运动员选材、机能评定等应用提供理论依据。方法:选取江苏省专业运动队优秀田径运动员和普通健康人各25名进行连续5min心电图时域和频域记录获得HRV指标,以普通健康人为对照分析优秀田径运动员HRV特征。结果:(1)女运动员VLF低于男运动员(P<0.05),其余指标无性别差异。(2)优秀田径运动员SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、TP、HF、VLF均高于普通健康人(P<0.05或P<0.01);LF、LF/HF二者无差异(P>0.05)。结论:(1)优秀田径运动员自主神经活性和迷走神经的紧张性没有性别差异,安静时男性运动员拥有较高的交感神经张力。(2)优秀田径运动员安静时比普通健康人拥有更强的心脏自主神经活性、更高的迷走神经紧张性和交感神经兴奋性,迷走和交感神经均衡性无差异。 相似文献
2.
递增负荷运动对中长跑运动员心率变异性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:探讨心率变异性(HRV)作为运动训练监控指标的可能性.方法:应用线性和非线性动力学方法,对12名中长跑运动员安静状态、递增负荷运动及运动后恢复阶段各12 min 的HRV应用Polar RS800 进行记录分析.结果:随运动强度递增,时域指标平均RR、SDNN、心率变异系数(SDNN/HR)较安静状态显著下降(P<0.05),运动结束后明显恢复,其中SDNN 恢复最快.运动过程中RMSSD、PNN50 显著下降,且持续到运动后(P<0.05).运动及恢复过程中,频域指标TP 持续升高,LF、HF 持续下降,LF/HF 比值上升,VLF、LFn.u.呈上升趋势,HFn.u.呈下降趋势.非线性分析表明,安静状态庞加莱散点图呈彗星状,而运动中和运动后变为短棒状.结论:递增负荷运动导致中长跑运动员心率瞬时波动趋向减少,交感神经和迷走神经二者之间的平衡关系失衡,HRV下降,可以把HRV 作为运动训练的无创监控指标之一. 相似文献
3.
针对长期从事冰壶训练的专业冰壶运动员,采用实验对比方法,探讨长期冰壶训练对运动员心率变异性的影响效果及机制,进而探讨冰壶运动员技术能力提高与心率变异性变化之间的关系。为完善冰壶训练提供实验依据。将10名普通青年与10名从事专业冰壶训练5年以上的运动员进行心率变异性对照研究。观察运动员从事专业冰壶训练后安静状态下心率变异性(HRV)的变化,其具体分析包括:高频(HF),代表迷走神经活性;低频(LF),代表交感神经活性;低频/高频(LF/HF),代表交感迷走神经平衡。结果显示在安静状态下,冰壶运动员高频(HF)即迷走神经活性明显高于普通人,而低频(LF)即交感神经活性明显低于普通人,低频/高频(LF/HF)明显低于普通人,其机制可能是长期冰壶训练改善了自主神经功能,提高了迷走神经活性而降低了交感神经的活性。 相似文献
4.
目的：探究单次中等强度运动对注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童问题行为和心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的影响。方法：采用SNAP-IV量表测量13名ADHD儿童[男生10名,女生3名;(9.00±1.15)岁]完成1次20 min中等强度运动(挥拍运动、台阶测试、折返跑、开合跳)前、后的问题行为;采用芬兰心电图测试仪(Mega Faros 180)监测运动前、后以及运动期间HRV指标,并将运动前、后以及运动期间全程30 min均分为6个时段(t0～t5),分析不同时段HRV的变化特征以及时段差异。结果：1)运动后,ADHD儿童注意力不集中、多动冲动、对立违抗得分非常显著低于运动前(P<0.01);2)运动后,RMSSD、SDNN、HF、LF、TP显著低于运动前(P<0.05),LF/HF较运动前有上升趋势;3)运动期间时域指标RMSSD、SDNN时段差异显著,呈持续下降趋势(P<0.01),频域指标LF、TP、... 相似文献
5.
目的:为了探索中老年女性在定量负荷运动中心率变异性各指标的变化特点以及健身气功锻炼对中老年女性心率变异性的影响,为探索科学定量锻炼提供理论基础。方法:将1356名健康中老年女性分为气功组和对照组,通过在体育科研人员的指导下进行定量的体育运动前、后检测HRV各项指标的变化,分析两组受试者在心脏定量负荷试验各个阶段心率变异性的变化特点。结果:对照组在规范负荷运动后HF先下降后上升(P>0.05);SD1、SD2值迅速升高(P<0.01);在规范负荷运动的前、中、后阶段LF和RMSSD值缓慢回落(P>0.05);气功组在规范负荷运动后LF值较快地回落(P<0.05);RMSSD在规范负荷运动后下降非常显著(P<0.01);HF值在运动后快速下降(P<0.05),但仍旧高于对照组,说明气功组受试者在规范负荷运动停止后的迷走神经系统张力和交感神经系统的兴奋性均可能降低。结论:1)南昌市中老年女性心率变异性实验结果总体指标符合一般健康中老年人的心率变异性特点;2)健身气功组自主神经功能的调节作用在运动前与运动中调节功能水平比普通人群组高;3)气功组SD1、SD2、RMSSD值与先前的研究不同。 相似文献
6.
女子手球运动员力竭运动后HRV分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目地:HRV是近年比较关注的无创性心电检测指标之一,可用于评定自主神经系统功能的变化,本实验研究力竭运动后女子手球运动员HRV时域和频域各参数的变化,探讨HRV作为运动训练监控指标的可能性。方法:应用OMEGA-WAVE仪测定19名女子手球运动员安静状态下和进行最大摄氧量测试后恢复到正常心率的5分钟心电图,得出其安静状态和运动后的SDNN(R-R间期标准差)、RMSSD(相邻N-N间期差值均方根值)、SDSD相邻间期差值的标准差、TP(总功率)、LF/HF、HFnorm(标化的HF功率)、LFnorm(标化的LF功率)。结果:力竭运动后SDNN、RMSSD、SDSD、TP、HFnorm都明显下降、LFnorm升高(P<0.01),LF/HF明显升高,存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。19名队员的平均最大摄氧量和最大心率分别是VO2max39.76±2.34(ml/kg.min),HRmax180±9(b/min)。 相似文献
7.
本研究旨在探讨特质情绪智力与大学生射箭后即刻心率变异性(HRV)恢复反应的关联性。样本包括34名年龄在18至22岁之间的射箭初学者。第一,这些受试者要完成特质情绪智力量表。第二,他们在四分钟内从18米处向直径为80cm的靶子射出10支箭。第三,在4分钟的恢复期内测量受试者的心率变异性恢复的反应。在本研究中,心率变异性指标采用低频(LF)、高频(HF)和LF/HF比值。结果表明,情绪智力和心率变异性恢复反应之间有显著关系。包含情绪智力子维度的回归模型能够解释HRV频域参数的显著差异。此外,高情绪智力大学生的低频和高频功率高于低情绪智力的大学生,但LF/HF数值低于低情绪智力射箭运动员。综上所述,本研究观察到的结果表明,在严格的射箭训练之后,情绪智力可能会产生更多适应性的HRV恢复反应。 相似文献
8.
目的:探究女子运动员力竭运动后脑电信号(EEG)与心率变异性(HRV)的变化,阐明其与运动性疲劳之间的关系。方法:随机选取19名女大学生运动员为实验对象,用布鲁斯(Bruce)运动方案进行力竭运动,检测其运动前后的EEG和HRV相关指标变化情况。结果:与运动前相比,疲劳后HRV时域指标SDNN、RMSSD、pNN50及频域指标LF和HF均非常显著性下降(P<0.01),但LF/HF比值却出现非常显著性上升(P<0.01);脑电信号方面,运动后疲劳状态下的α波和β波出现下降,δ波和θ波则出现上升趋势,且α波与运动前比在PZ区显著性下降(P<0.05),在FPZ区非常显著性下降(P<0.01),θ波与运动前比在FZ、FPZ区显著性上升(P<0.05),δ波在运动后有上升趋势但无显著差异。结论:力竭运动造成女子运动员心脏自主节律失衡,大脑皮层抑制,因此EEG与HRV变化可作为判别女子运动员力竭疲劳的有效指标。 相似文献
9.
目的:观察少年和成年男子业余跑运动员一次急性耐力运动后心率变异(HRV)变化特征,并探讨运动后HRV变化生理学意义。方法:少年(14.4±1.3岁)与成年(25.7±2.8岁)受试者各10名,进行1次90min、强度为95%个体无氧阈强度跑台运动。在运动前、运动后15min以及运动后6h测定HRV。结果:运动后15min,TPLn、HFnu和HRV各时域指标明显低于运动前水平,LFnu和LF/HF显著升高;少年受试者HFnu降幅、LFnu和LF/HF升幅明显低于成年受试者(P<0.05)。运动后6h,HRV各指标均已恢复,其中,TPLn、SDNN、HFnu和RMSSD有反弹的迹象。运动后HFnu相对运动前的降幅与受试者年龄呈负相关关系(r=-0.645,P<0.01,n=20);另外,HFnu、TPLn相对运动前降低程度与运动前水平高度负相关(P<0.05,n=20)。结论:一次急性耐力运动后HRV出现短暂抑制现象,少年受试者运动后HRV降低幅度相对成年较低,可能与发育成熟度不同有关,急性运动后HRV变化可能是运动适应的生理表现。 相似文献
10.
心率变异性各指标在运动适应性评定中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的:通过测量摔跤运动员在大运动量训练期间心率变异性各指标的变化,观察大运动量训练对运动员心脏自主神经功能的影响,初步探讨心率变异性各指标在人体运动适应性评价上的应用。方法:选取摔跤运动员15人,分为优秀组(10人)和普通对照组(5人),在大运动量训练期间,连续三周进行心率变异性测试,获得其时域、频域各指标。结果:优秀组时域各指标参数中SDNN、RMSSD、SDSD在第三周出现增高,PNN50在第二周及第三周出现持续增高(P<0.05);频域法各指标参数中TP、HF、HFnorm、LFnorm在第三周出现增高,LF在第二周及第三周出现持续增高,LF/HF在第三周出现下降(P<0.05)。对照组时域各指标参数均无明显变化;在频域指标中HFnorm在第二周及第三周出现降低,LFnorm、LF/HF在第二周及第三周出现增高(P<0.05)。结论:伴随交感神经张力增加,以迷走神经功能加强为主导的自主神经功能提高是人体对运动负荷产生适应的表现。应用心率变异性对自主神经功能进行测定是理想的评定人体运动适应性的方法。 相似文献
11.
目的:对赛前专项训练进行监控,为提高专项训练水平提供依据。方法:以22名优秀男子手球运动员为研究对象,对赛前专项训练手段进行心率和乳酸的监控,阶段训练后评价专项无氧能力训练效果。结果:1)3种教赛负荷强度不同。2)全场抢7分训练课的全场平均心率为155.1b/min。3)攻防转换训练课的平均心率为156.9b/min。4)300m×4间歇跑的乳酸峰值达13.7716.26mmol/L。5)专项综合训练课的平均心率为120.3b/min。6)阶段训练后,队员的最大功率、平均功率显著提高。结论:1)教赛3达到比赛强度。2)全场抢7分能提高队员强对抗条件下的快速得分能力。3)攻防转换训练对提高队员的攻防转换速度有较好的作用。4)300m×4间歇跑训练对提高运动员糖酵解供能能力有较好的作用。5)专项综合训练课不利于运动员发展强对抗条件下的技战术能力。6)赛前大强度训练对提高队员的无氧能力有比较好的作用。 相似文献
12.
To examine the activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer refereeing, we performed computerized time-motion analyses and measured the heart rate and blood lactate concentration of 27 referees during 43 competitive matches in the two top Danish leagues. To relate match performance to physical capacity and training, several physiological tests were performed before and after intermittent exercise training. Total distance covered was 10.07 - 0.13 km (mean - s x ), of which 1.67 - 0.08 km was high-intensity running. High-intensity running and backwards running decreased (P ? 0.05) in the second half. Mean heart rate was 162 - 2 beats· min -1 (85 - 1% of maximal heart rate) and the mean blood lactate concentration was 4.9 - 0.3 (range 1.7-14.0) mmol·l -1 . The amount of high-intensity running during a match was related to the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test ( r 2 = 0.57; P ? 0.05) and the 12 min run ( r 2 = 0.21; P ? 0.05). After intermittent training ( n = 8), distance covered during high-intensity running was greater (2.06 - 0.13 vs 1.69 - 0.08 km; P ? 0.05) and mean heart rate was lower (159 - 1 vs 164 - 2 beats· min -1 ; P ? 0.05) than before training. The results of the present study demonstrate that: (1) top-class soccer referees have significant aerobic energy expenditure throughout a game and episodes of considerable anaerobic energy turnover; (2) the ability to perform high-intensity running is reduced towards the end of matches; (3) the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test can be used to evaluate referees' match performance; and (4) intense intermittent exercise training improves referees' performance capacity during a game. 相似文献
13.
Andres E. Carrillo Vasilios X. Christodoulou Yiannis Koutedakis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):913-917
Abstract We assessed autonomic nervous system modulation through changes in heart rate variability during an archery competition as well as archery performance by comparing novice and experienced adolescent archers. Seven novice (age 14.0 ± 8.5 years, body mass index 22.9 ± 4.3 kg · m?2, training experience 0.4 ± 0.3 years) and ten experienced archers (age 16.5 ± 10.3 years, body mass index 22.4 ± 3.1 kg · m?2, training experience 4.1 ± 0.9 years) volunteered. Using beat-by-beat heart rate monitoring, heart rate variability was measured for 20 s before each arrow shot during two rounds of competition. We found that, compared with novices, experienced adolescent archers: (i) take more time per shot; (ii) have a higher low frequency band, square root of the mean of squared differences between successive R-R intervals (i.e. the time elapsing between two consecutive R waves in the electrocardiogram), and percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 ms; and (iii) demonstrate an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity compared with pre-competition values. We propose that these characteristics of experienced archers are appropriate for optimal performance during competition. 相似文献
14.
文章通过对散打运动员打脚靶时心率变化的情况进行监控,运用实验法和数理统计分析法,进一步掌握运动员在训练时的心率频率及其恢复情况。并利用心率情况客观地了解训练和比赛的激烈程度,分析影响训练效果的主要因素,从而更好地为各个运动队和俱乐部进行有针对性的科学训练提供依据和参考。 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to compare match analysis (using video recordings) and the physiological load (heart rate measured every 5s, blood lactate measured after the warm-up, first half and second half) of six 11-year-old soccer players during official games of eleven-a-side on a regular-sized pitch (100×65m) and of seven-a-side on a smaller pitch (60×40m). In both games, heart rate exceeded 170 beats·min-1 84% of the time, while blood lactate ranged from 1.4 to 8.1 mmol·l-1 . No significant differences were recorded for the physiological parameters. For both matches, walking comprised 38% of total time, running 55%, inactivity 3% and jumping 3%. Although there were no significant differences between halves or matches, running for less than 10s was 10% more frequent in the seven-a-side game. In the seven-a-side game, there were significantly more passes and significantly fewer tackles, suggesting that seven-a-side matches played on smaller pitches may be more suitable for pre-pubescent soccer players. 相似文献
16.
The influence of game duration and playing position on intensity of exercise during match-play in elite water polo players 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, we assessed exercise intensity in 20 water polo games of different duration. The hypothesis that right wing players perform at a higher intensity than back and forward central players was also tested. Thirty water polo players, equally split between three field positions, participated in the study. Initially, their performance-related physiological capabilities were evaluated. Subsequently, during water polo games of short (4 x 7-min periods) or long duration (4 x 9-min periods), heart rate was monitored continuously and blood lactate concentration was measured at the end of each period. Activity patterns were also recorded using a video camera. Mean heart rate over the entire game was 156 +/- 18 beats x min(-1). Overall exercise intensity fluctuated around a value corresponding to the lactate threshold (4.03 +/- 0.96 mmol x l(-1), 86 +/- 5% of peak heart rate) and decreased (P < 0.003) with game time (4.22 +/- 1.8 and 3.47 +/- 1.9 mmol x l(-1) in the second and fourth quarter, respectively). During the last 6 min, heart rate was higher (P < 0.001) in games of short duration (156 +/- 3 beats x min(-1)) than in games of long duration (152 +/- 8 beats x min(-1)). Video analysis showed that the percentage of time spent in low-intensity activities (i.e. "out of game") was lower (23 vs. 26%), whereas that in high-intensity activities (i.e. "sprinting crawl") was higher (21 vs. 19%), in games of short compared with long duration. No difference was observed among players of various field positions in any of the variables examined. Thus during match-play, games of long duration produced significantly lower heart rate responses than games of short duration, and the physiological response exhibited by the players was not affected by field position. The water polo authorities should consider these results before changing game duration and coaches should prepare their athletes accordingly. 相似文献
17.
To determine the movement patterns and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant referees, we performed computerized time-motion analysis and measured heart rate and blood lactate concentration in 15 assistant referees during 22 competitive matches in the top Danish league. To relate match performance to the physical capability of the assistant referees, they performed a 3 2 30 m sprint protocol before and after matches and a laboratory treadmill test within 3 weeks of the games. The mean total distance covered by the top-class assistant referees was 7.28 (range 5.78-8.16) km, of which 1.15 (0.86-1.44) km was high-intensity running and 1.16 (0.12-2.34) km was sideways running. The amount of high-intensity running during a game was correlated with performance of repeated sprints (r = 0.80, P ? 0.05). Mean heart rate was 137 (117-159) beats · min-1 , corresponding to 73% (60-88%) of maximal heart rate and 65% (53-80%) of maximal oxygen uptake. Blood lactate concentration was 4.7 (1.6-11.0) and 4.8 (1.1-13.7) mmol · l -1 after the first and second half, respectively. Sprinting performance was poorer (P ? 0.05) after than before the games. The peak distance to the offside line was greater (P ? 0.05) in the second than the first half (7 - 1 vs 5 - 0 m). Our results show that: (1) top-class assistant soccer refereeing is characterized by brief intense bouts of forward and sideways running interspersed with long periods of low activity; (2) top-class soccer assistant referees have moderate aerobic energy production during games with episodes of high aerobic and anaerobic energy turnover; (3) assistant referees' performance of repeated sprints correlates with the amount of high-intensity running performed in a game; and (4) sprint performance decreases towards the end of a game, which appears to affect assistant referees' ability to keep up with play. 相似文献
18.
Sixteen female games players completed 15 min of intermittent exercise on a treadmill. The speed and incline of the treadmill were varied to elicit a similar heart rate response to that found during women's hockey match‐play. The mean heart rate response was 169 ± 8 beats min‐1 and the mean work:rest ratio was 1:1.7. Oxygen uptake was estimated by applying the oxygen cost determined from an individual's heart rate‐oxygen uptake regression equation to the average heart rate each 5 s during the intermittent exercise. A second esimation of oxygen uptake was made from a time‐motion analysis by assigning a specific oxygen cost to each discrete movement during the intermittent exercise protocol. The true oxygen cost was calculated from the analysis of the expired gas. The heart rate analysis overestimated the true cost by a mean of 4.3 ± 5.3% (0.09 ± 0.11 1 min‐1), and the time‐motion analysis underestimated the true value by a mean of 15.7 ± 6.3% (0.34 ± 0.15 1 min‐1). There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the true value and both the estimates. It was concluded that heart rate analysis gives a much better indication of oxygen uptake during intermittent activity than time‐motion analysis. 相似文献
19.
贺晓玉 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(1):11-13
为研究跆拳道实战对优秀女子跆拳道运动员机体能量代谢特点的影响,以8名参加与越南队实战的广东省优秀女子跆拳道运动员为研究对象,在实战前、实战中、实战后对心率和血乳酸进行测定,结果显示:实战、实战后的心率和血乳酸均明显高于实战前(p＜0.01),实战后3min的心率明显低于第3回合(p＜0.01),实战后3min的血乳酸低于第3回合即刻,不存在显著差异(p＞0.05),实战后3min、5min的心率和乳酸均不存在显著差异性(p＞0.05).提示跆拳道项目比赛强度大,无氧代谢能力对跆拳道项目起着重要作用;体能训练时,应该注重高强度的无氧训练以及高、低强度交替的间歇性有氧训练. 相似文献
20.
运用“简极-茵战K1”智能足球运动表现分析系统采集12名大学生运动员在8场正式足球比赛中的跑动和心率相关指标,量化运动员的外部和内部比赛负荷。结果显示：（1）在外部负荷方面,大学生足球运动员在正式的足球比赛中场均跑动距离（8 464±822） m,其中,慢速跑跑动距离约占39.8%,低速跑跑动距离约占30.2%,高强度跑动距离约占5.1%,场均高强度跑动次数（30±14）次;在内部负荷方面,运动员在比赛中的平均心率为（160±11） 次/分钟,52%的比赛时间处于80%最大心率以上区间,仅有14.5%的比赛时间内处于70%最大心率以下区间。（2）后卫球员的跑动总距离大程度地低于中场（ES=1.2,可能性>95%）和前锋（ES=1.4,可能性>95%）,高强度跑平均间歇时间则中等程度地高于中场（ES=0.6,可能性>75%）和前锋（ES=0.9,可能性>75%）,后卫球员在比赛处于中高强度心率区间的时间比例中等程度地低于中场（ES=1.0,可能性>95%）和前锋（ES=1.1,可能性>75%）。前锋球员在比赛中的最大跑动速度（ES=0.7,可能性>75%）、步行距离（ES=0.8,可能性>75%）、慢速跑跑动距离（ES=0.6,可能性>75%）和中等强度心率区间占比（ES=0.7,可能性>75%）皆中等程度地高于中场球员,而低速跑跑动距离（ES=0.8,可能性>75%）、平均心率（ES=0.6,可能性>75%）和高强度心率区间占比（ES=0.6,可能性>95%）则都中等程度的低于中场球员。 相似文献