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1.
在运动训练中,优秀高山滑雪运动员保持较好的体质、身体形态学、跟骨超声骨量对提高高山滑雪项目运动员的运动成绩是非常有好处的。采用文献资料法、测试法、数理统计法对优秀高山滑雪运动员体质、身体形态学与跟骨超声骨量现状进行研究,为其科学运动训练提供借鉴。结果显示:高山滑雪运动员体重、身体质量指数、体脂率、瘦体重显著低于对照组,身高与对照组差异不显著;高山滑雪女子运动员体脂率显著低于对照组,瘦体重显著高于对照组,其他各项指标与对照组差异不显著;运动员体质方面男子高山滑雪运动员握力体重指数显著低于体育大学生,其他各项指标显著高于对照组,女子高山滑雪运动员体质各项指数显著高于对照组;高山滑雪运动员跟骨超声骨量参数均显著高于对照组。  相似文献   

2.
运用统计学的相关研究方法,对世界优秀女子200 m跑运动员的各50 m分段成绩与总成绩进行分析研究。揭示各50 m分段时间与200 m成绩之间的相关关系和当今世界优秀女子200 m跑运动员速度分配的基本特征,为提高我国女子200 m运动成绩提供科学借鉴。  相似文献   

3.
采用关联分析方法,对中国8名优秀女子铁饼运动员的7项身体素质指标进行对比分析,找出各项身体素质指标对运动成绩影响的主次关系。在此基础上,与国外优秀女子铁饼运动员进行对比,从中发现我国女子铁饼运动员身体训练中的不足,并对今后的训练提出建议。  相似文献   

4.
采用关联分析方法,对我国8名优秀女子铅球运动员的7项身体素质指标进行综合分析,找出各项身体素质指标对运动成绩影响的主次关系。在此基础上,与国外优秀女子铅球运动员进行比较,从中发现中国女子铅球运动员身体训练中的不足,并对今后的训练提出了建议。  相似文献   

5.
以国际通用的身体成分分析仪为检测手段,在1991年全国速度滑冰冠军赛期间,通过对44名优秀速滑运动员(男18名、女26名)身体成分的评定,探讨了身体成分与成绩之间的关系。我国优秀速滑运动员身体成分的主要特征是体脂率明显高于世界速滑强国的优秀运动员。这导致了我国优秀述滑运动员在运动过程中机体做功效率较低。针对这种情况,身体成分应做为训练效果评定的一项重要指标。在综合可以利用资料的基础上,提出我国优秀速滑运动员身体成分的参考标准。  相似文献   

6.
为使我国女子竞走运动后继有人 ,保持世界领先水平 ,本文试图从身体形态、运动机能和心理状态等几方面 ,分析女子 5公里竞走成绩与各项指标之间的内在联系 ,用逐步回归法找出一些与运动成绩关系最密切的关键指标 ,进而得出最佳回归方程和判别函数式 ,为我国女子竞走运动员选材提供科学依据。1 研究对象与方法1.1 研究对象辽宁省优秀女子竞走运动员 7名 ,平均年龄 14岁 ,训练年限 3~ 4年。对照组为同年龄普通女中学生。1.2 研究方法测试法。根据国家体育总局实施细则 ,设定身体形态、技能、素质和心理指标共 36项。测试内容见表 1。心理…  相似文献   

7.
运用相关分析、回归分析、聚类分析等研究方法,对世界优秀女子200 m跑运动员的各分段50 m成绩与总成绩进行分析研究,揭示各分段50 m时间与200 m成绩之间的相关关系,以及当今世界优秀女子200 m跑运动员速度分配的基本特征,为提高我国女子200 m运动成绩提供科学借鉴。  相似文献   

8.
目的:为探寻场地自行车运动员有氧能力与成绩的关系,更好为我国竞技自行车运动服务.方法:对24名优秀青少年自行车运动员最大耗氧量与成绩关系进行22周的跟踪研究.结果:22周训练后,最大耗氧量和运动成绩均呈现增长趋势,男、女运动员绝对最大耗氧量增值和场地骑行成绩有显著的相关性(男子:r=0.884、女子:r=0.939),男、女运动员相对最大耗氧量(ml/min/kg0.32)均呈现显著增长趋势,增值和成绩增值同样具有显著的相关性(男子:r=0.795、女子:r=0.902);同样,男、女运动员相对最大耗氧量(ml/min/kg0.79)增值和运动成绩同样均具有显著相关性(男子:r=0.665、女子:r=0.861).结论:相对最大耗氧量(ml/min/kg0.32)和绝对最大耗氧量反映青少年场地自行车运动员阶段训练效果更加敏感,青少年场地自行车运动员最大耗氧量表达方式有其典型的专项特点.  相似文献   

9.
运用相关分析、回归分析、聚类分析等研究方法,对世界优秀女子200 m跑运动员的各分段50 m成绩与总成绩进行分析研究,揭示各分段50 m时间与200 m成绩之间的相关关系,以及当今世界优秀女子200 m跑运动员速度分配的基本特征,为提高我国女子200 m运动成绩提供科学借鉴.  相似文献   

10.
中外优秀女子网球运动员的基础形态特征比较分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文对中国和世界优秀女子网球运动员的身高、体重、克托莱指数、年龄和体型等基础形态指数进行了统计分析和比较,结果表明:我国的女子网球运动员和世界的优秀女子网球运动员在基础形态方面存在着差距,建议应尽快完善、构建与世界优秀女子网球运动员身体形态模式相适应,而又符合中国国情的女子网球运动员选材模式和评价标准。进而,又对世界和中国的优秀女子网球运动员的身高和体重指数进行了回归分析,构建了回归模型,旨在为女子网球运动选材与运动训练提供理论参考。  相似文献   

11.
以损伤的交互作用理论(将损伤的发生看成是个体特性、技术、情境三者交互作用的函数)为指导,采用准则组设计与ABC分析法对91名中国优秀男子体操运动员(19.00±2.18)所报告的185例损伤从个性与管理角度进行了剖析。通过不同年龄组的典型内向型运动员与典型外向型运动员比较及不同年龄组的典型稳定型运动员与典型不稳定型运动员的比较,研究发现了不同年龄不同类型的运动员在急性损伤发生方面的一些共性与特异性,并针对性地提出了一些具体的应付策略。  相似文献   

12.
Participation in elite sport, and in particular those sports with special demands in terms of weight and shape, is associated with a higher risk for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa [Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2010). Aspects of disordered eating continuum in elite high intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, 112–121]. We report upon research exploring eating attitudes and behaviours within elite gymnastics. The study comprised 42 semi-structured interviews with gymnasts and support staff—34 gymnasts and 9 staff/support staff. The majority of those interviewed were acrobatic gymnasts (22; 16 males and 6 females) with 7 rhythmic gymnasts (all female) and 5 tumblers (all female). The mean age of those gymnasts interviewed was 17.4. A difficulty in precisely delineating extreme eating patterns (disordered eating) from having an eating disorder was noted. Within an elite sports context behaviours thought to be pathological in a more general setting might be fairly commonplace and even functional to the athlete's performance. The extent to which the athlete consents to these patterns of behaviour is problematic given their age and development. We argue that conceptualising consent as ‘authority to be cared for by a trustworthy coach’, more felicitously applies to the child/adolescent elite sporting context, helping us understand not only the focus of the elite gymnast, but also their relationship with the coach and the coaches' responsibilities.  相似文献   

13.
Gymnastics talent identification focuses on the identification of young gymnasts who display characteristics for potential success in the future. The aim of this study was to identify which current performance characteristics are related to performance in competition 2 years later. Twenty-three female gymnasts aged 7-8 years completed a multidimensional test battery measuring anthropometric, physical, and coordinative characteristics and were technically evaluated by expert coaches. Two years later, the all-around competition results of those gymnasts now participating in elite (n = 12) and sub-elite (n = 11) competition were obtained. None of the initial measurements significantly correlated with the results of the sub-elite gymnasts 2 years later. For the elite gymnasts, a non-sport-specific motor test battery correlated strongly with the competition result, with more than 40% of the variation in competition performance being explained by the result on that test 2 years earlier. Neither the coaches' judgement nor the anthropometric and physical characteristics were sensitive enough to predict performance. A motor coordination test might be valuable in the early identification of gymnasts, as its discriminative and predictive qualities might be sufficiently powerful for selection within a relatively homogeneous population of gymnasts exhibiting similar anthropometric and physical profiles.  相似文献   

14.
本文通过文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法,对乌鲁木齐医学大学生2388人的身体素质各指标数据进行分析,探求身体素质各指标随BMI变化的相互关系。结果显示:1、男女生身体素质综合得分与BMI有密切关系,超重对女生身体素质的影响小于对男生的影响;2、男女生部分身体素质单项指标的差异较大,在同一BMI值的节点上,男生高于女生;3、汉族女生与维吾尔族女生的综合成绩曲线存在明显差异。  相似文献   

15.
采用现场裁判评分、调研考察等方法,对参加2005年第24届世界蹦床锦标赛的中外优秀女子运动员实施新规则后的比赛情况进行研究。结果表明:中外运动员第1套动作的构成发生了3个主要变化;我国优秀运动员第1套动作的平均难度分高于世界优秀运动员,但平均最后得分低于世界优秀运动员;不同成绩区间运动员的难度分与比赛成绩没有表现出线性关系;我国运动员所掌握的动作数量及动作类型与世界优秀运动员有一定差距;第2套动作质量已处于世界先进水平,但动作难度相对落后。进一步提高第1套动作质量和第2套动作难度是我国备战和实现2008年奥运会金牌目标的必然要求。  相似文献   

16.
我国优秀艺术体操运动员月经状况与骨矿含量的研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
选取国内优秀艺术体操运动员20名,年龄为15~19岁,训练年限1~10年,其中健将13人(有一人16岁尚未月经初潮)。对她们进行了月经状况的调查和骨密度的测量。结果显示,优秀艺术体操运动员存在严重的月经失调问题:19人中有16人月经不调,月经不调的发生率达84.2%。这些优秀艺术体操运动员的骨密度较低,甚至低于一般人,没能显示出体育运动对骨骼发育的良好促进作用,这是与月经不调相联系的。进一步的分析表明,月经不定期、闭经及痛经的运动员骨密度明显低于月经正常的运动员。  相似文献   

17.
目的:分析内蒙古20-69岁人群BMI特点,采用百分数法评价BMI,寻找超重与肥胖的触发年龄。方法:对5880人数据进行BMI数据分析和曲线拟合分析。结果:①内蒙古20—69岁人群总体、男性、女性BMI分别为24.2±3.48、24.6±3.49、23.8±3.41。总体BMI高于全国平均水平,男性高于女性,超重和肥胖...  相似文献   

18.
缺乏运动是高血压、肥胖症等文明病的致病因素之一。为科学有效组织大学的群众体育活动,文章进行了如下研究。通过简单台阶试验刺激,对比参加10周健美操(16人,年龄35.3±5.8岁,身高161.9±6.1厘米,体重56.3±8.8公斤)和瑜伽训练(14人,年龄38.6±6.9岁,身高161.3±2.9厘米,体重55.2±5.5公斤)某大学女教职工的心功能。发现台阶试验后瑜伽训练和健美操训练参加者心率有最大显著性差异(运动后第一分钟P〈0.001,运动后第二分钟P〈0.001)。从大学女教职工身体质量指数分析发现,20≤BMI〈25的群体和25≤〈BMI〈30的群体存在年龄的显著性差异(P〈0.05),估计34岁到41岁之间很可能是该大学女教职工肥胖多数发生的时期。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism is the most studied genetic marker in the field of human performance. There is a continuing debate in the literature regarding the possible association of ACE genotypes and elite athletic status. In fact, despite recent studies having identified no significant associations in athletes from mixed sporting disciplines, other researchers suggest that the insertion (I) variant may be associated with elite endurance performance, and the deletion (D) variant can be over-represented among elite sprinters. The purpose of the present study was to determine, for the first time, the association between the ACE genotypes and sprint athlete status among elite Italian gymnasts. To test this hypothesis, we assessed 33 elite Italian gymnasts (17 males, 16 females) and a control group of 53 (31 males, 22 females) unrelated sedentary individuals. DNA was extracted from each participant using a buccal swab and the ACE I/D polymorphism was determined using PCR while different amplified fragments were detected by electrophoresis using agarose gel and ethidium bromide staining. The ACE genotypes and allele frequencies among gymnasts (DD, ID, II=0.39, 0.48, 0.12, respectively; D allele=0.64) were not significantly different from those of Italian sedentary controls (DD, ID, II=0.39, 0.45, 0.15, respectively; D allele=0.62). However, the frequencies of our control group were similar to those observed in a sample of Italian sedentary individuals, and different to those of the general Caucasian population reported by other authors. Furthermore, the frequencies of our control group did not differ from those reported in other association studies involving elite sprint athletes. Our results suggest a lack of association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and elite gymnastics performance in Italians.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Exercise performed at a competitive level could deeply modify the immune system and the cytokine response of athletes. In this report, we demonstrated that young elite female artistic gymnasts (n = 16; age: 9–15 years) showed an increase of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression in blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in comparison to girls performing the same sport at a recreational level (n = 16; age: 10–15 years). The increase of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNAs appeared to be directly linked to the intensity and duration of the training. Moreover, in elite athletes engaged in artistic gymnastics or in synchronised swimming (n =34; age: 9–15 years), IL-6 gene expression appeared to be modulated by the levels of circulating oestrogens: pre-pubertal athletes (n = 20; age: 11 ± 1 years) revealed a higher increase in IL-6 than pubertal athletes (n = 14; age: 14 ± 1.6 years). In pre-pubertal athletes, body mass index (BMI) percentile was inversely correlated with the increase of both IL-6 and TNF-α. The consequence of these events was the shift of the cytokine profile towards a pro-inflammatory status. These modifications, induced by training performed at an elite level, might negatively affect the growth of female children athletes.  相似文献   

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