首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
对少年游泳运动员血乳酸无氧阈（ＢＬ－ＡＴ）、通气无氧阈（Ｖ－ＡＴ）、心率转折点（ＢｒｅａｋＰｏｉｎｔ）以及ＶＯ２ｍａｘ,骨龄等１３项机能指标进行了测定,旨在从各种不同的指标中选取评估无氧阈,监控训练负荷的最佳方案。相关分析表明,ＢｒＰ时的ＶＯ２及ＨＲ与Ｖ－ＡＴ的相应指标呈高度相关,具有显著性差异。ＢｒＰＶＯ２与ＢＬ－ＡＴＶＯ２的相关要高于Ｖ－ＡＴＶＯ２与ＢＬ－ＡＴＶＯ２的相关。同时,以个体体表面积（ＢＳＡ）和身高指数（ＨＩ）为参照的,ＶＯ２ｍａｘ相对值（ＶＯ２／ＢＳＡ,ＶＯ２／ＨＩ）较之以体重为基准的ＶＯ２ｍａｘ（ＶＯ２／ｋｇ）相对值与运动成绩的关系更具相关性,且Ｐ＜０．０５。此外,本实验还提出了采用以ＢＳＡ或ＨＩ为基准的相对ＶＯ２ｍａｘ,来估测少年运动员的有氧运动能力的方法  相似文献   

2.
短期耐力、力量性耐力训练对VO_2max影响的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了探讨同属有氧训练的短期耐力训练和力量性耐力训练对ＶＯ２ｍａｘ的影响,本研究分别在训练前,训练６周后和８周后测试了２０名男大学生的ＶＯ２ｍａｘ结果发现耐力训练６周后ＶＯ２ｍａｘ就有显著性提高,而力量性耐力训练８周后ＶＯ２ｍａｘ才有显著性提高。这提示短期耐力训练和力量性耐力训练都能提高ＶＯ２ｍａｘ,但存在一个不同的训练时间阈值。  相似文献   

3.
最大吸氧量中枢限定因素研究的进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
心脏泵血能力是ＶＯ２ｍａｘ限定因素的观点早已提出，６０～７０年代此观点受到了肌肉适应性研究结果的挑战。肌肉血管床和线粒体数量随训练可有所增加，这些适应被认为是ＶＯ２ｍａｘ提高的前提条件。此后，由于令人信服的研究结果的展示，偏移的观点又回转到心肺机能是氧投递的限定因素上来。  相似文献   

4.
１０名青年男子皮艇队员（年龄１６．５±１．２７岁），经过九周无氧阈强度训练后，测定了他们的血乳酸积累的起点（ＶＯＢＬＡ），最大摄氧量（Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ），最大摄氧量利用率（％ＶＯ２ｍａｘ），血清心型乳酸脱氢酶同功酶（Ｈ—ＬＤＨ），以及１０００ｍ划船成绩。与九周元氧阈强度训练前的数据相比具有显著性提高。本实验支持无氧阈强度训练可以提高有氧耐力成绩的观点。  相似文献   

5.
影响中长跑耐力的两个因素—ILAT与有氧糖酵解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
实验与实践都证明ＶＯ２ｍａｘ不是决定高水平耐力跑成绩的关键因素，本文就个体乳酸阈（ＩＬＡＴ）及有氧条件下精酵解阐述提高耐力跑强度训练的可能因素。  相似文献   

6.
不同负荷方式对大学生最大吸氧量和无氧阈的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
通过斜度跑台、平台及功率自行车三种不同负荷方式,在渐增负荷运动中测定最大吸氧量（ＶＯ２ｍａｘ）和无氧阈（ＡＴ）,探讨了三种不同负荷方式对大学生最大吸氧量和无氧阈的影响。结果发现,在三种不同负荷方式中,斜度跑台测定的ＶＯ２ｍａｘ和ＡＴ要大于平台、功率自行车的值。ＶＯ２ｍａｘ和ＡＴ受运动负荷方式不同的影响。因此,在测定大学生ＶＯ２ｍａｘ和ＡＴ时,应选择斜度跑台进行测定  相似文献   

7.
(二) ４．肺功能指标(１)最大吸氧量 (ＶＯ２ｍａｘ)的判定 :常规ＶＯ２ｍａｘ判定标准为 :①心率大于或等于１８０次／分 ;②呼吸商大于１．０ ;③ＶＯ２不再随负荷增加而上升 ,或变化幅度不超过５% ;④运动后最高血乳酸大于８．０ ;⑤虽经鼓励 ,运动员仍无法经常预定负荷。(２)最大吸氧量平台持续时间 (ＶＯ２ｍａｘＰＤ)判定标准 :把低于ＶＯ２ｍａｘ值５%以内的值视为ＶＯ２ｍａｘ平台范围内值 ,其持续时间称为ＶＯ２ｍａｘＰＤ。(３)最大心率 (Ｈｒｍａｘ)、心率无氧阈 (ＨＲ -ＡＴ)判定标准 :ＨＲｍａｘ为ＶＯ２ｍａｘＰＤ范围内最大…  相似文献   

8.
长时间运动时血清氨基酸动态变化的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对普通人及长泳运动员各１２人以５０％ＶＯｍａｘ强度长时间运动进行动态观察，发现至运动３０分钟时，伴随ＢＣＡＡ下降，Ａｌａ明显升高；６０～９０分钟时，Ａｌａ和ＢＣＡＡ又分别呈现下降及上升趋势，且两组变化程度无显著性差异。提示在ＡＡ代谢过程中，Ａｌａ与ＢＣＡＡ的变化是不一致的；运动训练未对葡萄糖－Ａｌａ循环产生深刻影响。  相似文献   

9.
对中国优秀女子羽毛球运动员有氧能力的初步探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
用美国Ｑ６５Ｑｕｉｎｔｏｎ跑台和ＳｅｎｓｏｒＭｅｄｉｃｓ２９００能量代谢仪，对２０名我国优秀女子羽毛球运动员做ＶＯ２ｍａｘ测定；并与国内外文献资料比较。认为：ＶＯ２ｍａｘ平台持续时间是评定有氧能力水平的另一个重要指标；ＶＯ２ｍａｘ临界强度可能成为发展ＶＯ２ｍａｘ平台持续时间的一种有效训练强度。中国的羽毛球女运动员优秀组的ＶＯ２ｍａｘ表明，具备进行重大国际比赛的有氧能力，且与后备组的ＶＯ２ｍａｘ、ＶＯ２ｍａｘ平台持续时间均无显著差异，说明后备运动员也具备进行重大国际比赛的有氧能力。单、双打女子羽毛球运动员的ＶＯ２ｍａｘ、ＶＯ２ｍａｘ平台持续时间均无显著差别，提示两者在发展有氧能力的训练负荷、方法可大同小异。  相似文献   

10.
采用递增运动负荷方式的研究方法,对３０名运动员随机分成两组,一组运动到个体无氧阈水平,一组运动至力竭。以探讨不同强度急性运动对尿中自由基（ＬＰＯ）血过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性的影响,及其与气体代谢的关系。结果发现：无氧阈运动组尿ＬＰＯ和血ＣＡＴ活性无明显变化,力竭运动组在运动后尿中身自由基水平和血过氧化氢酶活性明显增加（Ｐ＜００５）,力竭运动组在运动后尿中自由基水平和血过氧化氢酶活性明显增加（Ｐ＜００５）,力竭运动后机体通气量（Ｖｅ）、吸氧量（ＶＯ２）和相对吸氧量（Ｖｏｚ／ｋｇ）明显高于无氧阈运动组。表明尿中自由基水平受运动强度和时间的影响,且与机体气体代谢关系十分密切  相似文献   

11.
低住高练中国家女子中长跑运动员心功能的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
探讨低住高练对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响。结果显示，低氧训练结束后，室间隔舒张末期厚度、左室后壁收缩末期厚度在安静状态下较低氧训练前增加（P〈0．05），左心室收缩末期内径（LVDs）在安静状态及运动负荷的状态下较低氧训练前明显减小（P〈0．05），左心室收缩末期容积（ESV）在运动负荷状态下较低氧训练前减小，左室短轴缩短率（FS）和射血分数（EF）在运动负荷的状态下较低氧训练前增加（P〈0．05）。提示与低氧训练前相比，低氧训练后左心室收缩功能增强，获得良好的心脏适应性。低住高练在某种程度上有利于心力储备功能的增强。  相似文献   

12.
以 SD大鼠为对象,在一般运动负荷、运动超负荷及压力超负荷引起的心肌肥大模型上,研究了心肌实质细胞和间质胶原成份的变化及左心室舒张功能的改变。结果表明,适宜的运动负荷导致心肌实质细胞和间质胶原成份成比例增长,左心室舒张功能增强,心脏发生生理性肥大;不适宜的运动超负荷和压力超负荷均导致心肌实质细胞和间质成份的破坏,心肌细胞发生缺血缺氧性损伤和替代性心肌纤维化,间质胶原成份增生,左心室舒张功能受到较严重损伤。左心室内压下降的最大加速度是评价左心室舒张功能的一项较敏感的指标。  相似文献   

13.
The influences of growth, training and various training methods were investigated by analysing long-term training effects in young cross-country and biathlon skiers (n = 129). Some athletes (n = 49) were studied six times in three years and some at least once a year during a four year period (n = 48). During three summer training periods skiers emphasized either intensive training or distance training or continued to train normally. The results indicated that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and heart volume increased between 15 and 20 years of age and the most significant changes in heart volume were observed between 16 and 18 years of age. International level skiers were able to increase their VO2 max and heart volume even after 20 years of age. Anaerobic threshold (AT, ml kg-1 min-1) increased like VO2 max but when expressed as a percentage of VO2 max, the AT was similar in every age group over 16 years of age. Intensive training at the intensity of anaerobic threshold or higher was observed to be most effective in producing improvements in VO2 max. Low-intensity distance training was more effective in producing improvements in anaerobic threshold.  相似文献   

14.
目的:探讨肌球蛋白轻链1f(Myosin light chain,1 fast;MLC 1f)基因多态性与中国北方平原地区汉族男性有氧运动能力及心脏结构的关联性.方法:102名无训练史的健康男子测试最大摄氧量(VO2max),超声心动测量左心室结构.PCR-RFLP分析mlc 1f的C2159G多态性.单因素方差分析检验C2159G多态性与心肌结构、功能及有氧运动能力的关联.结果:C2159G基因型频率为:CC=0.09,CG=O.60,GG=0.31;C2159G多态性与VO2max无显著相关,只有CC,基因型显著大于CC(P<0.05);C2159G与心脏结构和功能有关联,ESD、EDD、50W/SV、100W/SV指标CG、GG均显著(P<05)大于CC.结果提示C2159G基因多态性与心脏结构和功能相关.  相似文献   

15.
对高原训练对心脏功能的影响的相关研究成果进行综述,主要从高原训练对心率、心电图、左心室功能、右心室功能和心脏内分泌功能等方面的影响进行了阐述。分析总结相关文献得出:高原训练初期,会引起心率的升高,每搏量的下降,心功能下降;高原训练后,存在三种情况:①泵功能加强,收缩功能加强,舒张功能不变;②泵功能加强,舒张功能加强,收缩功能不变;③心脏功能无显著变化。  相似文献   

16.
The aims of this study were to quantify the effects of factors such as mode of exercise, body composition and training on the relationship between heart rate and physical activity energy expenditure (measured in kJ x min(-1)) and to develop prediction equations for energy expenditure from heart rate. Regularly exercising individuals (n = 115; age 18-45 years, body mass 47-120 kg) underwent a test for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max test), using incremental protocols on either a cycle ergometer or treadmill; VO2max ranged from 27 to 81 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The participants then completed three steady-state exercise stages on either the treadmill (10 min) or the cycle ergometer (15 min) at 35%, 62% and 80% of VO2max, corresponding to 57%, 77% and 90% of maximal heart rate. Heart rate and respiratory exchange ratio data were collected during each stage. A mixed-model analysis identified gender, heart rate, weight, V2max and age as factors that best predicted the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure. The model (with the highest likelihood ratio) was used to estimate energy expenditure. The correlation coefficient (r) between the measured and estimated energy expenditure was 0.913. The model therefore accounted for 83.3% (R2) of the variance in energy expenditure in this sample. Because a measure of fitness, such as VO2max, is not always available, a model without VO2max included was also fitted. The correlation coefficient between the measured energy expenditure and estimates from the mixed model without VO2max was 0.857. It follows that the model without a fitness measure accounted for 73.4% of the variance in energy expenditure in this sample. Based on these results, we conclude that it is possible to estimate physical activity energy expenditure from heart rate in a group of individuals with a great deal of accuracy, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass and fitness.  相似文献   

17.
Maximal oxygen uptake VO(2max)) is considered the optimal method to assess aerobic fitness. The measurement of VO(2max), however, requires special equipment and training. Maximal exercise testing with determination of maximal power output offers a more simple approach. This study explores the relationship between [Vdot]O(2max) and maximal power output in 247 children (139 boys and 108 girls) aged 7.9-11.1 years. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured by indirect calorimetry during a maximal ergometer exercise test with an initial workload of 30 W and 15 W x min(-1) increments. Maximal power output was also measured. A sample (n = 124) was used to calculate reference equations, which were then validated using another sample (n = 123). The linear reference equation for both sexes combined was: VO(2max) (ml x min(-1)) = 96 + 10.6 x maximal power + 3.5 . body mass. Using this reference equation, estimated VO(2max) per unit of body mass (ml x min(-1) x kg(-1)) calculated from maximal power correlated closely with the direct measurement of VO(2max) (r = 0.91, P <0.001). Bland-Altman analysis gave a mean limits of agreement of 0.2+/-2.9 (ml x min(-1) x kg(-1)) (1 s). Our results suggest that maximal power output serves as a good surrogate measurement for VO(2max) in population studies of children aged 8-11 years.  相似文献   

18.
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that upper body aerobically trained athletes (kayak canoeists) would have greater left ventricular wall thickness, but similar left ventricular diastolic chamber dimensions, compared with recreationally active and sedentary men. Ultrasound echocardiography was used to determine cardiac structure and function in highly trained kayak canoeists (n = 10), moderately active (n = 10) and sedentary men (n = 10). The septal and posterior left ventricular walls were approximately 0.2 cm thicker in kayak canoeists (P < 0.05), and left ventricular mass was 51% and 32% greater (P < 0.05) in canoeists than in the sedentary and moderately trained participants, respectively. There were no differences in left ventricular chamber dimension, suggesting that the kayak canoeists had a concentric pattern of left ventricular adaptation to aerobic upper body training. Scaling the data to body composition indices had no effect on the outcome of the statistical analysis. There were no differences in resting Doppler left ventricular diastolic or systolic function among the groups. Ejection fraction was lower in the kayak canoeists, but the magnitude of the difference was within the normal variability for this measurement. Thus aerobically upper body trained athletes demonstrated a concentric pattern of cardiac enlargement, but resting left ventricle function was not different between athletes, moderately active and sedentary individuals.  相似文献   

19.
目的探讨有氧运动对大鼠心脏交感神经和β-AR受体表达的影响。方法 3月龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠24只,随机分为2组:安静对照组(C)和有氧运动组(E)。跑台训练方式建立大鼠有氧运动模型,多导生理记录仪测试大鼠血流动力学指标,免疫组化SABC和Western Blot法观察测试心脏交感神经和β-AR受体3个亚型的分布和表达情况。结果有氧运动可显著降低大鼠心率(HR)和左室末期舒张压(LVEDP),显著性升高左室内压峰值(LVSP)和左室内压最大上升速率(±dP/dt max);有氧运动可显著增加大鼠左心室交感神经分布,促进交感神经新生,显著增加β1-AR密度;显著降低β3-AR密度。结论有氧运动提升心功能与交感神经适度增生、心肌细胞β1-AR上调和β3-AR下调表达关系密切。  相似文献   

20.
Traditionally, it has been assumed that during middle-distance running oxygen uptake (VO2) reaches its maximal value (VO2max) providing the event is of a sufficient duration; however, this assumption is largely based on observations in individuals with a relatively low VO2max. The aim of this study was to determine whether VO2max is related to the VO2 attained (i.e. VO2peak) during middle-distance running on a treadmill. Fifteen well-trained male runners (age 23.3 +/- 3.8 years, height 1.80 +/- 0.10 m, body mass 76.9 +/- 10.6 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants undertook two 800-m trials to examine the reproducibility of the VO2 response. These two trials, together with a progressive test to determine VO2max, were completed in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake was determined throughout each test using 15-s Douglas bag collections. Following the application of a 30-s rolling average, the highest VO2 during the progressive test (i.e. VO2max) was compared with the highest VO2 during the 800-m trials (i.e. VO2peak) to examine the relationship between VO2max and the VO2 attained in the 800-m trials. For the 15 runners, VO2max was 58.9 +/- 7.1 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). Two groups were formed using a median split based on VO2max. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2max was 65.7 +/- 3.0 and 52.4 +/- 1.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) respectively. The limits of agreement (95%) for test-retest reproducibility for the VO2 attained during the 800-m trials were +/- 3.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 50.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the low VO2max group) and +/- 2.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 59.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the high VO2max group), with a bias in VO2peak between the 800-m runs (i.e. the mean difference) of 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The VO2peak for the 800-m runs was 54.8 +/- 4.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for all 15 runners. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2peak was 59.0 +/- 3.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 90% VO2max) and 50.6 +/- 2.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 97% VO2max) respectively. The negative relationship (-0.77) between VO2max and % VO2max attained for all 15 runners was significant (P = 0.001). These results demonstrate that (i) reproducibility is good and (ii) that VO2max is related to the %VO2max achieved, with participants with a higher VO2max achieving a lower %VO2max in an 800-m trial on a treadmill.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号