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区别于传统科研机构,新型科研机构集科研开发与产业化于一体,在协同创新系统中通过技术创新与服务创新形成竞争优势,从而获取经济利润。目前新型科研机构整体处于发展的初级阶段,面临着体制制约和生存发展挑战。基于对现有创新保护理论的研究评述,尝试从创新独占视角入手,通过个案扎根分析,探索新型科研机构的创新保护方式、构成维度及其对创新绩效的影响。 相似文献
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区别于传统科研机构,新型科研机构集科研开发与产业化于一体,在协同创新系统中通过技术创新与服务创新形成竞争优势,从而获取经济利润。目前新型科研机构整体处于发展的初级阶段,面临着体制制约和生存发展挑战。基于对现有创新保护理论的研究评述,尝试从创新独占视角入手,通过个案扎根分析,探索新型科研机构的创新保护方式、构成维度及其对创新绩效的影响。 相似文献
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国内新型科研机构发展模式研究及建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析国内新型科研机构的发展与成效,研究其五类建设模式以及存在的问题,从明确身份、完善政策体系、理顺管理机制、加大政府支持等方面提出进一步促进国内外新型科研机构发展的意见和建议。 相似文献
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我国新型科研机构当前正处于初始发展期,如何确定其内涵与定位,并促使其尽快建立市场化运行机制是值得研究的问题。首先梳理新型科研机构的相关文献,提出新型科研机构的内涵,并对其范围、功能定位和本质角色进行界定。在对成功发展的新型科研机构进行案例分析和文献研究基础上总结其运行规律,从创新环境、内部体制机制、资源能力、协同合作和成果转化五维度构建新型科研机构市场化机制运行的理论框架,以期为大力发展新型科研机构市场化机制建设提供理论支持。 相似文献
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通过分析广东新型科研机构的发展背景和相关特点,指出其在助推"大众创新、万众创业"的作用和优势,并思考如何进一步推进新型研发机构创新发展,发挥其在创新创业中的重要作用,以供相关部门参考。 相似文献
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与传统的科研机构相比较,新型研发机构更符合科学技术发展规律,在科技成果转化方面探索实践了多元化的模式,本文通过梳理新型研发机构助推科技成果转化的相关经验,提出有助于推动我省成果转化的政策建议。 相似文献
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以长三角地区的新型科研机构为样本对象,运用结构方程模型对新型科研机构创新绩效的影响因素及作用机理进行实证检验。研究结果表明：新型科研机构的网络关系强度、资源整合以及市场机制均对其创新绩效产生正向影响;市场机制在网络关系强度与创新绩效之间、资源整合与创新绩效之间发挥部分中介作用;创新环境在新型科研机构的网络关系强度与创新绩效之间、市场机制与创新绩效之间起正向调节作用。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):211-229
This study explores the influences of institutions on high technology start-up innovation in China by taking into account both formal and informal institutions. Our research settings are two high technology parks in Wuxi and Shanghai, respectively. Drawing upon the theoretical lenses of North’s institutional framework and the guanxi literature, we propose an integrative framework to help understand the factors influencing high technology start-up innovation in China. By contrasting different formal institutional settings in Wuxi and Shanghai (in particular, local government interventions), our study shows the positive effect played by local government on innovation and the overarching influence of guanxi. Based on a qualitative research method, nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with the CEOs of high technology start-ups were conducted between August 2009 and September 2010. Additional interviews with government officials and managers of government-owned venture capital funds were performed. We offer evidence to support the dual influence of formal and informal institutions (guanxi). International guanxi triggers government intervention, which in turn facilitates the acquisition of local guanxi. As a multidimensional construct, guanxi has a positive influence on high technology start-up innovation. We contribute to the understanding of the effect of institutions on high technology start-up innovation by disentangling formal and informal institutions. Furthermore, government intervention may have a positive impact on high technology start-up innovation in China, which might shed some light on development in other emerging economies. 相似文献
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Because of their low cost, natural abundance, environmental benignity, plentiful polymorphs, good chemical stability and excellent optical properties, TiO2 materials are of great importance in the areas of physics, chemistry and material science. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of TiO2 nanomaterials for various applications. Among them, mesoporous TiO2 materials, especially with hierarchically porous structures, show great potential owing to their extraordinarily high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore structures and morphologies, and nanoscale effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials. In the first section, the general synthetic strategies for hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials are reviewed. After that, we summarize the architectures of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials, including nanofibers, nanosheets, microparticles, films, spheres, core-shell and multi-level structures. At the same time, the corresponding mechanisms and the key factors for the controllable synthesis are highlighted. Following this, the applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials in terms of energy storage and environmental protection, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic fuel generation, photoelectrochemical water splitting, catalyst support, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions of research and development in this area. 相似文献
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Using data generated by progressive nucleation mechanism on the cumulative fraction of citations of individual papers published successively by a hypothetical author, an expression for the time dependence of the cumulative number Lsum(t) of citations of progressively published papers is proposed. It was found that, for all nonzero values of constant publication rate ΔN, the cumulative citations Lsum(t) of the cumulative N papers published by an author in his/her entire publication career spanning over T years may be represented in distinct regions: (1) in the region 0 < t < Θ0 (where Θ0 ≈ T/3), Lsum(t) slowly increases proportionally to the square of the citation time t, and (2) in the region t > Θ0, Lsum(t) approaches a constant Lsum(max) at T. In the former region, the time dependence of Lsum(t) of an author is associated with three parameters, viz. the citability parameter λ0, the publication rate ΔN and his/her publication career t. Based on the predicted dependence of Lsum(t) on t, a useful scientometric age-independent measure, defined as citation acceleration a = Lsum(t)/t2, is suggested to analyze and compare the scientific activities of different authors. Confrontation of the time dependence of cumulative number Lsum(t) of citations of papers with the theoretical equation reveals one or more citation periods during the publication careers of different authors. 相似文献
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Nosratollah Zarghami Mohammad Rohbani-Noubar Ali Khosrowbeygi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):182-185
Pregnancy is associated with significant, but reversible changes in thyroid function studies, which are among the most profound
seen as a result of a normal physiologic state. The present study was carried out to find out alterations in thyroid function
tests in each trimester in normal pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women in Tabriz-Iran. A case-control study designed
with 229 normal pregnant women that randomly selected from the first (64 samples), the second (92 samples), and the third
(73 samples) trimesters and 250 randomly selected non-pregnant healthy female controls. Age range in both groups was 16–40
years. Thyroid function tests carried out by measuring serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxin
(FT4, TT4), and free and total triiodothyronine (FT3, TT3) by commercially available radio immunoassay kits. We found that mean TT4 increased progressively during pregnancy. Our study showed increasing in serum levels of TT3 in the second trimester and then declining during the third trimester compared with non-pregnant women. We showed that FT4 strongly decreased during the third trimester. Free T3 showed declining in the second and third trimesters. Mean TSH did not show significant difference in each trimester compared
with non-pregnant women. The thyroid function tests in pregnancy should be interpreted against gestational age-related reference
intervals to avoid mis-interpretation of thyroid function during pregnancy. 相似文献
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Babul Bandyopadhyay Sandip K Bandyopadhyay 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1998,13(1):41-45
Prostaglandins and (PG) have been reported to be an important gastric acid suppressive factor. However, the mechanism underlying
is yet to be clearly established. In vitro study with gastric microsomes in presence of both PGE2 and PGI2 shows a stimulation of gastric H+ K+-ATPase activity below 1X10−6M and 2.5X10−7M concentrations respectively. However, with further increase in concentrations of both PGE2 and PGI2, H+, K+-ATPase activity shows an inhibition but PGI2 completely obliterates the K+ stimulated part of H+, K+-ATPase activity at higher concentration. The H+-ion transport study using chambered frog gastric mucosa shows that both PGE2 and PGI2 inhibit H+-ion transport at 5X10−6 M and 10X10−6M concentrations respectively but the effect of PGI2 is reversible. These differential effects of PGE2 and PGI2 on microsomal H+, K+-ATPase and on H+ transport my be caused by the differential effects of these phospholipid mediators with the gastric mucosal cell membrane.
This in vitro investigation shows the role of prostaglandin (s) as a physiological switch/regulator of gastric H+ ion transport leading to the cessation of gastric acid secretion. 相似文献
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【目的】通过对《中国化学快报》办刊经验的总结和遇到问题的剖析,探讨中国英文科技期刊的发展之路。【方法】对《中国化学快报》近年的发展历程进行研究,从中发现中国英文科技期刊发展过程的共性问题,并进行提炼总结。【结果】中国英文科技期刊的生存环境已得到较大改善,但在评价体系等大政策的影响下,优质稿件匮乏、人才流失严重、国际显示度低等共性问题依然存在。【结论】在大政策暂时无法突破的现状下,加强内功修炼,寻找适合自身发展的办刊道路,尽快提高中国英文科技期刊的办刊水平。 相似文献
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Liuqing Yang Ce Zhang Xiwen Yu Yingfang Yao Zhaosheng Li Congping Wu Wei Yao Zhigang Zou 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(8)
Aerospace milestones in human history, including returning to the moon and manned Martian missions, have been implemented in recent years. Space exploration has become one of the global common goals, and to ensure the survival and development of human beings in the extraterrestrial extreme environment has been becoming the basic ability and technology of manned space exploration. For the purpose of fulfilling the goal of extraterrestrial survival, researchers in Nanjing University and the China Academy of Space Technology proposed extraterrestrial artificial photosynthesis (EAP) technology. By simulating the natural photosynthesis of green plants on the Earth, EAP converts CO2/H2O into fuel and O2 in an in-situ, accelerated and controllable manner by using waste CO2 in the confined space of spacecraft, or abundant CO2 resources in extraterrestrial celestial environments, e.g. Mars. Thus, the material loading of manned spacecraft can be greatly reduced to support affordable and sustainable deep space exploration. In this paper, EAP technology is compared with existing methods of converting CO2/H2O into fuel and O2 in the aerospace field, especially the Sabatier method and Bosch reduction method. The research progress of possible EAP materials for in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resources are also discussed in depth. Finally, this review lists the challenges that the EAP process may encounter, which need to be focused on for future implementation and application. We expect to deepen the understanding of artificial photosynthetic materials and technologies, and aim to strongly support the development of manned spaceflight. 相似文献
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Junting Zhong Xiaoye Zhang Ke Gui Yaqiang Wang Huizheng Che Xiaojing Shen Lei Zhang Yangmei Zhang Junying Sun Wenjie Zhang 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(10)
Retrieving historical fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data is key for evaluating the long-term impacts of PM2.5 on the environment, human health and climate change. Satellite-based aerosol optical depth has been used to estimate PM2.5, but estimations have largely been undermined by massive missing values, low sampling frequency and weak predictive capability. Here, using a novel feature engineering approach to incorporate spatial effects from meteorological data, we developed a robust LightGBM model that predicts PM2.5 at an unprecedented predictive capacity on hourly (R2 = 0.75), daily (R2 = 0.84), monthly (R2 = 0.88) and annual (R2 = 0.87) timescales. By taking advantage of spatial features, our model can also construct hourly gridded networks of PM2.5. This capability would be further enhanced if meteorological observations from regional stations were incorporated. Our results show that this model has great potential in reconstructing historical PM2.5 datasets and real-time gridded networks at high spatial-temporal resolutions. The resulting datasets can be assimilated into models to produce long-term re-analysis that incorporates interactions between aerosols and physical processes. 相似文献
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Bo Han Chen Yang Xiaolong Xu Yuehui Li Ruochen Shi Kaihui Liu Haicheng Wang Yu Ye Jing Lu Dapeng Yu Peng Gao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(2)
Contact interface properties are important in determining the performances of devices that are based on atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially for those with short channels. Understanding the contact interface is therefore important to design better devices. Herein, we use scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations to reveal the electronic structures within the metallic (1T′)-semiconducting (2H) MoTe2 coplanar phase boundary across a wide spectral range and correlate its properties to atomic structures. We find that the 2H-MoTe2 excitonic peaks cross the phase boundary into the 1T′ phase within a range of approximately 150 nm. The 1T′-MoTe2 crystal field can penetrate the boundary and extend into the 2H phase by approximately two unit-cells. The plasmonic oscillations exhibit strong angle dependence, that is a red-shift of π+σ (approximately 0.3–1.2 eV) occurs within 4 nm at 1T′/2H-MoTe2 boundaries with large tilt angles, but there is no shift at zero-tilted boundaries. These atomic-scale measurements reveal the structure–property relationships of the 1T′/2H-MoTe2 boundary, providing useful information for phase boundary engineering and device development based on 2D materials. 相似文献