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1.
ABSTRACT

Increasing emphasis is being placed upon employer expectations in research on graduate employability, in response to the widely claimed gap between employer expectations and graduates’ understanding of these expectations. For graduates, being uncertain of their employer’s expectations may threaten the ease of their transition into the workplace and their job satisfaction, even leading to issues around graduate retention for employers. External influences on the graduate labour market such as differences in industry/sector level expectations and economic/political factors, can pose further complications. This paper presents a cross-industry analysis of employer expectations of graduates, drawing from four selected case study vignettes aimed at uncovering insights into these variances. Findings offer implications for policy makers and higher education providers around the design and delivery of a curriculum that appropriately prepares students for the graduate labour market, whilst also catering for industry-level expectations particularly in light of the UK’s forthcoming departure from the EU.  相似文献   

2.
Reviewing the massification of higher education in China in the last two decades, this article critically examines how the education markets have emerged and developed in China through engagements with three major minban HEIs for addressing different development needs of the country. More specifically, this article discusses 1) the rise of minban (people-run) higher education developed by different local social forces; 2) the invitation of overseas universities to co-develop transnational education programmes for meeting citizens’ pressing demands for higher education; 3) the engagements of leading institutions from overseas for research capacity advancement. Through the analysis of these different types of non-state-run HEIs, we would appreciate how the Chinese government has skilfully transformed its higher education systems through the tactical adoption of neoliberal practices for education market formation in the country. The present article also reflects upon the unique university governance model in China, clearly revealing how state-university relationship has been affected by the unique and strong historical, political, and institutional traditions of the country.  相似文献   

3.
当代研究生作为国家的栋梁之才是我国经济社会发展的宝贵资源。随着网络时代的到来和我国高等教育体制改革的不断深入,当代研究生网络思想政治教育迎来了新的机遇,同时也面临前所未有的挑战。对此,本文论述了当代研究生网络思想政治教育的战略意义、存在的问题以及当代研究生网络思想政治教育的未来出路。  相似文献   

4.
This is an investigation of a series of issues pertaining to higher education in Egypt based on a sample of nearly 2,000 students and 1,700 university graduates in 1978. The main theme of the article is a comparison of student expectations and actual labour market performance. The results indicate that the relative structure of economic rewards is consistent with the operation of the forces of supply and demand. In particular, students' expectations of the labour market are in tune with the actual market conditions. The social demand for different fields of specialisation is closely linked to the expected economic rewards. A strong element of self-selection is in operation, many students follow highly undesirable subjects (such as agronomy) because of the availability of places. And as already documented in other studies, expected or actual unemployment following graduation is of extremely short duration.  相似文献   

5.
Research points to several determinants of the private demand for higher education, which include individual, social, economic, and institutional variables. Of these variables, economic factors are considered to be highly relevant, especially in the current financial crisis. The paper investigates the link between expected rates of return to higher education and the intention of secondary education graduates to pursue university studies. The effect of additional variables influencing the choice of higher education (ability, gender, socioeconomic status [SES], type of secondary school, area of residence) is also examined. The findings show a significant link between the perceived rates of return and the intention of secondary school graduates to enter tertiary education. With the exception of residence, all independent variables are strong determinants of the intention to enter higher education. The paper also points to the considerable effect of the financial crisis on students’ expectations in that respondents reported lower perceived rates of return compared to previous estimates in the same country. The implications of the findings for higher education policy are discussed.  相似文献   

6.
Even more than other European countries, Germany must fear a serious future skills shortage and lack of experts. Therefore, increasing the proportion of high school graduates who wish to study at a university is a clear political objective. The aim of this paper is to identify variables that hinder or support the decision to pursue university studies. We used longitudinal data of 23,000 graduates of upper secondary school of the years 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008 to analyze how tuition fees (which are charged only in some of the German federal states), family status, and students?? own cost-benefit analyses impacted their decision in favor or against taking up university studies. Results showed that the subjective costs of higher education were highest for persons of low social economic background, and for women. Also, the introduction of tuition fees in some federal states in the year 2006 lowered the percentage of students who wanted to enter higher education. Contrary to our expectations, however, this effect was observed in all federal states, irrespective of whether they had introduced tuition fees or not. Our results suggest that participation in higher education can be increased by both lowering (social and psychological) costs and raising (social and psychological) benefits of higher education.  相似文献   

7.
The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of higher education and the graduate labour markets in selected European countries (France, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom) in the context of the expectations of graduates and prospective employers, and respective recruitment and selection practices. Expectations of graduating students from a number of European collaborating universities are sought and analysed in order to find out about a match between the knowledge and skills of graduates and the needs of European employers. The study examines the process of graduate recruitment, employee and employer expectations, and the role of higher education institutions in meeting such expectations. Primary data was gathered from 252 employers and 485 final year (graduating) students through the use of questionnaires. The analysis of the data collected has revealed different approaches to but similar methods of graduate recruitment between the four countries. Despite the current differences in higher education systems and labour market trends, the expectations of employers and graduating students are more similar than different. It is concluded that EU graduates will have good employment prospects in an integrated labour market.  相似文献   

8.
大学毕业生就业难问题已成为社会的热点问题。大学生能否顺利就业,直接影响着我国高等职业教育的可持续发展,同时也直接影响到社会的稳定和和谐。目前很多高职院校在就业工作的过程中仅仅将工作的重点放在了毕业生就业信息提供和就业政策服务上,忽视了思想政治工作的作用。本文对高职院校就业工作中思想政治教育工作的新内容、新方法、新途径进行研究探索,以期抛砖引玉。  相似文献   

9.
Since the establishment of national university systems in Mexico and Venezuela, three principal demands have dominated the formulation of university policy: the ideological demand imposed by government rhetoric and national aspirations (a demand reflected in federal expenditure), the demand of the national economy for different areas and levels of professional expertise, and the broad-based political and social demand for upward mobility by way of university education. Tensions between these three demands in both Mexico and Venezuela have stemmed from the historically decreasing ability of Latin American economies to produce significant long-term social mobility into the middle classes. Although in the 1940s and 1950s the university systems played important roles in promoting social mobility, by the 1960s the number of professional jobs was much smaller than the number of university graduates. By the 1980s, the social role of the universities was severely limited by economic crisis brought on by a combination of dropping oil prices, debt, and government deficits. The major challenge currently facing Mexico and Venezuela in higher education policy is to restart economic growth to provide jobs for university graduates.  相似文献   

10.
Since 1949, the higher education systems in mainland China and Taiwan have been developed in disparate geopolitical and social contexts, but have faced similar dilemmas between economic and cultural tasks. The dilemma has lasted in China for more than two centuries and nowadays can also be located in many developing industrializing countries. The article offers the concept of 'fortress state' to explain how between 1949 and 1995 these two were affected by both domestic and international factors. In particular, the role of higher education as an agent of both political socialization and economic modernization is analyzed in the context of the transformations in the two contemporary Chinese societies. The article also examines how cultural traditions, the upholding of a national belief system, nation building and the foreign relations of mainland China and Taiwan help maintain the two-century old tension between economic modernization and the preservation of a cultural and national identity.  相似文献   

11.
Chinese college graduates have faced increasing labor market competition since the expansion of tertiary education. Given rigid market demand, graduates with realistic earnings expectations may experience a more efficient job search. Using the 2008 MYCOS College Graduate Employment Survey, this study finds that a 1 000 yuan reduction in a graduate’s reservation wage can significantly increase the probability of finding a job by 66% and increase the likelihood of being employed six months after graduation by 92%. In addition, the gap between the reservation wage and the market wage has a positive impact. By slightly adjusting earnings expectations, college graduates can significantly improve job search efficiency. Market wages should be seen as reference points when adjusting income expectations.  相似文献   

12.
分析了高校扩招政策制定的逻辑起点和政府预期，阐述了4年来高校扩招引起的教育质量下滑、教育生产与经济社会发展不协调、毕业生就业难等一系列不良后果，提出了今后高等教育进一步发展应考虑的因素。  相似文献   

13.
在后工业化、老龄化、全球化等背景下,增加托幼服务供给成为全球性的政策选择。经过几十年的发展,西方发达国家的托幼服务治理模式存在显著的制度差异,形成了三种典型的托幼服务治理模式:托幼整合模式(以瑞典为例)、托幼分离的双轨模式(以法国为例)和托幼关系复杂的多元模式(以美国为例)。不同治理模式的形成和变革受制于其所处的社会、经济和制度环境,在发展中也面临着不同的挑战。新时期我国建构托幼服务治理体系应该采用分阶段策略,建立合理的成本分担机制,鼓励地方实践的多元化,并最终完成托幼服务的整合。  相似文献   

14.
An expansion in higher education in combination with the recent global economic recession has resulted in a high college graduate unemployment rate in Taiwan. This study investigates how the high unemployment rate and financial constraints caused by economic cutbacks have shaped undergraduates’ class choices, job needs, and future income expectations. Therein, the results obtained from a structural equation model indicate that students whose expenditures were most affected by the economic recession were in greater need of paid employment and were also more likely to take practical and credential courses, which resulted in heavier course loads. Clearly, the economic downturn and the consequential high unemployment rate have directed undergraduates to select more practical education, wherein they now prefer classes that are more likely to increase their employability. The results obtained in this study indicate that people use college courses to enhance their competencies and employability. Finally, regardless of the economic situation, female undergraduates expected significantly lower pay after graduation in comparison to their male counterparts.  相似文献   

15.
中美高等教育比较与启示   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
章对中美高等教育的差异进行了阐述。首先对中美社会环境与化传统进行了对比分析，并着重分析了两国间教育体制与毕业生能力方面的差异。章还介绍了中美两国面向21世纪的高教改革，并进行了对比。最后阐述了笔得到的几点启示。  相似文献   

16.
Although there is a tendency to develop policy plans on adult education at a European level, there are still large differences between the various EU countries. These national policy contexts depend on historical, cultural, economic and political factors and can have a profound impact on the way adult education is shaped and developed within a country. Two examples of such policies are presented to clarify this point. In the Netherlands, there is a strong emphasis on the vocational side of adult education. This is for a large part the result of the introduction of the Law on Adult and Vocational Education ( Wet Educatie en Beroepsonderwijs ) in 1996. The non vocational branch of the sector was rather marginalised by this new law. In Belgium, there has been a great effort to support, develop and streamline non vocational adult education. The special Flemish government decree ( Decreet betreffende het sociaal-cultureel volwassenenwerk ) of 2003 was very important in that regard. This decree regulates all aspects of non vocational education or socio-cultural work, including funding and quality assurance. Although the Flemish decree could be seen as a good practice of upgrading non-formal adult education through legislation, it could also be considered a typical Flemish case, rooted in the traditions of adult education in Flanders.  相似文献   

17.
社会资本对美国少数民族参与高等教育的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
美国高等教育入学机会中存在明显的种族差异 ,白人的中学毕业生比黑人和西班牙裔的中学毕业生更容易进入大学。对于影响高等教育入学机会的因素 ,教育经济学集中研究家庭收入和政府财政支持对入学机会的影响 ,把高等教育看作一种投资来分析投资回报率、大学学位的收入等对学生入学选择的影响。本文以社会资本理论为框架 ,提出家庭内部及家庭与学校之间的社会关系和社会网所产生的资源 ,对美国少数民族学生高等教育入学机会产生显著影响。笔者以长期跟踪调查研究的美国两万多名学生为样本 ,运用因素分析法测定社会资本的各个指标 ,同时分别从学生和学校两个维度进行多层次分析。多层次分析结果表明 :在学生水平上 ,家庭的社会经济地位、中学的专业成绩和中学选修的课程对美国少数民族学生的高等教育入学机会产生显著影响。在学校方面 ,学校社会经济地位的平均水平、教会学校以及家庭的教育期望也深刻影响着美国少数民族学生的高等教育入学机会。  相似文献   

18.
We identify the discourse which underlies a series of interviews with opinion leaders who represent academia, industry, and government in Mexico. All three sectors identify with modernization and claim that higher education should play a more active role in transferring modern technology to Mexican industry. Privately, however, all informants appear to oppose such a technology transfer for various reasons. The contrast between public and private positions suggests an eroding confidence in the role of higher education as a factor of modernization. Political power in Mexico once derived its legitimacy from social and economic stability, not from science and technology. Lately stability is increasingly being questioned, while conservative institutions of higher education such as UNAM are caught in the crossfire. Our research suggests a persistence of pre-industrial stereotypes derived from an obsolete Colonial ideology which has outworn its usefulness. These results demand a re-interpretation of the crisis in our higher education system. While the National University has consistently satisfied the demand for graduates in the country (Lorey 1993), in 1995 more than 120,000 applications for freshman registration were rejected. Graduates from public universities are being displaced from political decision-making. The question of reform of higher education in Mexico has serious implications for the future of the nation.  相似文献   

19.
法国和加拿大医师培养的差异及其社会历史原因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
法国和加拿大在经济、政治、尤其是卫生保健体系等诸多领域有许多相似之处,但在医学教育体制上则有较为显著的差异,其主要原因可归结为两国的历史发展进程及民族价值观各不相同。从不同国家的社会、政治、历史的角度来分析比较其医学教育体制及教育过程的异同,对医学教育的国际合作、医学教育改革等有着非常重要的参考与借鉴作用。  相似文献   

20.
课题组于2021年6月—8月持续两个半月对全国34个省区市展开第二轮调研。根据回收的调查数据样本,与2020年第一轮调研比较发现:2021年近五成毕业生签约税后薪酬每月3 001-5 000元、就业岗位与专业总体对口率显著提高、就业满意度保持高位略有下滑、考虑离职率略有上升。2021年未就业毕业生自感疫情因素对就业影响程度显著降低、向体制内就业的期待倾向明显、公考和升学失利者复考意愿更加强烈、薪酬待遇超过工作地点成为最被看重的就业因素、期待薪酬与实际薪酬之间的差距在扩大、对民营企业的就业期待位次出现明显下降。受调样本中用人单位招聘计划在压缩、裁员率在上升、薪酬水平在增加、招聘标准在提高。高校毕业生对学校就业指导工作满意度与2020年总体持平保持良好。通过Logistic回归分析,发现性别、户籍、家庭经济状况、学校类型、学校层次、学科类型、学科层次、个人学历、学业成绩、创业意愿等变量在不同类别间对就业的影响存在显著差异。与2020年不同之处是2021年农村户籍毕业生比城镇户籍毕业生就业概率更高、医学类和师范类高校应届毕业生比理工类高校毕业生就业概率更高、本科毕业生就业概率低于大专毕业生就...  相似文献   

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