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Studies of professional development have examined the influence of school-based approaches on in-service teacher learning and change but have seldom investigated teachers’ job-embedded learning processes. This paper explores the dynamic processes of teacher learning in school-based settings. A qualitative comparative case study based on the framework of organisational learning was conducted to analyse the ways that 17 teachers from two school-based communities in a secondary school in Shanghai, China, experienced learning through various learning activities. The findings showed that the two group teachers had actively developed implementation-oriented and experimentation-oriented processes of learning. The former process is referred to as exploitation learning. Exploitation learning helps teachers by creating a stable environment to learn the existing knowledge and norms of practice of a school organisation. The latter process is referred to as exploration learning. Exploration or exploratory learning provides a platform for new knowledge construction aimed at improving existing practices in a more radical way. Teachers’ perceptions of and participation in school-based learning activities shape their learning experiences in different ways. Specifically, the support of school leaders is necessary to promote teachers’ exploratory learning in school-based settings. However, the leadership strategies that best support teachers’ learning require further investigation. 相似文献
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New teachers have a structured induction programme when they first begin teaching and there are systems in place for new headteachers, but for those teachers who are moving to a new post there is often little support. This article looks at mid-career induction. It explores the formal and informal induction acculturation processes that operate and a model of mentoring new staff in a behaviour support unit where staff are working with several agencies. It identifies that opportunities for development to facilitate growth within a learning organisation can occur when the potential of newcomers is recognised. 相似文献
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Institutions of higher education (HE), public and private, are moving through a crisis period of tapped‐out states, funding cuts, tuition increases and layoffs. It makes good sense to rise to meet these new realities with new ways of doing things, and the places that succeed will be the ones that do. A holistic approach is necessary whereby excellence in teaching and learning as well as research should be the ultimate aim. Among the various ways to achieve this, is the promotion of communities of practices (CoPs) among the academics. Therefore, CoPs are to be seen as an “extension” of any programme to achieve excellence, because as it has been shown it is the sharing of the tacit knowledge that makes the difference in any organisation in its pursuit for a competitive advantage. An HE institution should be considered to be at a greater advantage than any other non‐academic organisation since each staff member is a knowledge worker whose mission is to transmit, create and incorporate new knowledge to the existing knowledge. This paper looks at the possible reasons preventing academics from participating in a CoP. It will be shown that CoPs can play a very important role in a university set‐up. 相似文献
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Lou McGill David Nicol Allison Littlejohn Hilary Grierson Neal Juster William J. Ion 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2005,36(4):629-642
The use of technology with engineering design students is well established, with shared workspaces being particularly supportive of the collaborative design process. This paper reports on a study where a design knowledge framework involving three learning loops was used to analyse the effectiveness of shared workspaces and digital repositories in supporting design education. The issues discussed include the relationship between knowledge and information structures, the importance of integrating information literacy support, and the need for different systems within the learning environment to support formal and informal storage of resources. These issues are explored within the context of experiences of working in a multidisciplinary team with different approaches, research methodologies, and discourses. 相似文献
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This research note outlines a project designed to investigate the role of training institutions in providing effective training and development programmes for managers. The investigation is being carried out in the light of recent criticisms levelled against the nature of formal learning environments prevalent in most institutional settings. The traditional role of trainers and developers as the providers of knowledge and skills for the development of competent managers runs contrary to recent findings, which suggest that managers learn more effectively in informal settings, rather than the formal settings evident in many development programmes. The idea that explicitly extracted competencies are the target every manager should aim for to improve their effectiveness is also challenged because competencies alone are no longer regarded as a sufficient criterion for success. Recent research has attached greater importance to the need to help managers see knowledge as a social phenomenon, and one factor that might distinguish successful managers from others is tacit knowledge. A major focus of this study is to explore the possibility that the level and content of tacit knowledge acquired by managers may be influenced by their individual learning styles, and the degree to which their dominant styles are matched with the context of their work environment. 相似文献
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Muthukumar John G. Hedberg 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2005,36(3):379-395
There is growing recognition that the economic climate of the world is shifting towards a knowledge‐based economy where knowledge will be cherished as the most prized asset. In this regard, technology can be leveraged as a useful tool in effectually managing the knowledge capital of an organisation. Although several research studies have advanced knowledge management frameworks catering to the requirements of organisations specialising in diverse fields of expertise, no comprehensive knowledge‐management architecture has been found that is technology mediated and orientated towards the emergent needs of an educational research organisation. In this paper, we review a knowledge management technology approach modeled as a web portal that was developed to create a repository and to facilitate shared resources in a research organisation. This technology‐based framework encapsulates the knowledge management processes that capture and augment the explicit knowledge resources of the research organisation. The framework also supports social networks that enable the sharing and encoding of tacit knowledge by facilitating online exchanges and feedback. 相似文献
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One important aspect of teacher effectiveness, of course, is formal knowledge of one or more academic disciplines. But another aspect of teacher effectiveness may be informal, or tacit knowledge of how to handle challenging situations, or even crises, that arise in the classroom. Tacit knowledge is what a person needs to know to succeed in an endeavor that is typically not explicitly taught and that often is not even verbalized. It is procedural knowledge, and thus is not just a static form of knowledge, but rather, knowledge in use. We constructed a measure of tacit knowledge for elementary-school teachers, in order to determine the teachers’ likely effectiveness in dealing with problematical classroom situations. In Study 1, our primary goal was to determine whether our measure predicted principals’ ratings of the teachers’ classroom performance as well as teachers’ ratings of their own effectiveness. We found that teachers who scored higher on our tacit-knowledge inventory generally were rated as more effective by their principals, but as less effective by themselves. In Study 2, we investigated whether responses to problematical situations that were viewed as better or worse, respectively, in the United States were also viewed as better or worse, respectively, in Israel. We found a high correlation between responses in the two countries. We concluded that it is possible to measure an important aspect of teacher effectiveness via a measure of tacit knowledge, and that comparable measurements may be possible across at least two cultures. 相似文献
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Tuija Valkeavaara 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(2):177-196
This article examines the construction of occupational expertise through problematic situations encountered during everyday work. The human‐centred and knowledge‐intensive domains of current working life, for instance human resource development (HRD), contain various problem situations which tend to be open and unstructured, lacking a single solution. Those ill‐defined problem situations characterise also HRD as a domain of expertise which requires multidisciplinary formal knowledge and, especially, the ability to make use of it. Accordingly, it is suggested that learning to be an expert in HRD can be seen as a constructive process where varied formal knowledge and previous experiences of the domain are applied, contested and transformed into new forms of practical knowledge. Thus, much of the expertise in HRD will eventually be constructed through experience in practical problem‐solving situations. Those situations and the ways in which a HR developer interprets an event and chooses and tries out resolutions can be seen as an interpretative and narrative process which influences the construction of expertise. The study presented here aimed to understand within the narrative framework the nature of problematic situations in work as an experiential resource for the construction of expertise among HR developers. Twenty experienced HR developers in various workplaces in Finland were interviewed and asked to tell about problematic situations, how they were resolved and what was learnt from the process. The interviewees’ stories exhibited the diversity of HRD as a domain of expertise. However, in sum, communication, interactivity, collaboration and the involvement of management, which are commonly presented as ideals in HRD, are in fact the primary sources of problematic situations, and thus also of new learning in the HR developer's world. On the basis of the interviewees’ stories about problems and resolutions it is concluded, firstly, that much of an HR developer's expertise seem to be constructed through promoting and acting in dialogue, and, secondly, that it can be characterised as a flexible and inclusive state of mind rather than the application of routine procedures, and that going through problematic situations bestows confidence regarding practical knowledge in future situations. 相似文献
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隐性知识转移是保障研究生培养质量的关键环节。导师负责制中师生隐性知识的转移分为伪隐性知识和真隐性知识的转移,伪隐性知识的转移可以使用语言知识或符号规则编码进行,真隐性知识的转移只能在特定情境中以联结学习的方式进行。基于此,本文构建了伪隐性知识转移的编码———诠释模型,提出了真隐性知识转移的触发模型,探讨了导师负责制中促使隐性知识转移的关键因素。 相似文献
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默会知识是一种只可意会、无法言传的知识.它具有非公共性、非批判性和鲜明的层次性等特点.教师的认知过程在本质上不仅是一个默然的认识过程,或者说是一个默会知识的生成过程,而且是一个延拓教师开放的心灵,恢复教师认知的敏锐,扩展教师的实践能力的智慧生成过程.促进教师智慧的生成,需要尊重默会知识,唤醒沉睡的教育热情;体验默会知识,坚守人类理性的价值;实践默会知识,实现两种知识的融通. 相似文献
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Creating and using knowledge: an analysis of the differentiated nature of workplace learning environments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alison Fuller Lorna Unwin Alan Felstead Nick Jewson Konstantinos Kakavelakis 《British Educational Research Journal》2007,33(5):743-759
This paper argues that contemporary workplaces give rise to many different forms of knowledge creation and use, and, as a consequence to different forms of learning and pedagogical approaches. Some of these are utilised to the benefit of the organisation and employees (though not, necessarily, in a reciprocal manner), but others are buried within everyday workplace activity. The discussion builds on earlier work where it was argued that organisations differ in the way they create and manage themselves as learning environments, with some conceptualised as ‘expansive’ in the sense that their employees experience diverse forms of participation and, hence, are more likely to foster learning at work. By studying the way in which work is organised (including the organisation of physical and virtual spaces), this research is suggesting that it is possible to expose some of this learning activity as well as to identify examples where new (or refined) knowledge has been created. In this regard, it is argued that it is important to break down conceptual hierarchies that presuppose that learning is restricted to certain types of employee and/or parts of an organisation and to re‐examine knowledge as applied to the workplace. The conclusion focuses on how such an approach, and in particular the use of a productive system analysis, is strengthening the concept of expansive and restrictive learning environments. 相似文献
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Allan B. de Guzman Sr. Maria Lirio Tan Lagrimas Guillermo 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2007,8(2):216-223
Meaning-making is vital in the realm of principalship. It serves as the fulcrum of one’s practice which eventually leads to
seeing the light and appreciating the serendipity of principalship. While explicit knowledge abounds in the literature and
is communicated in professional development programs, the role of the principals’ tacit knowledge derived from their experiences,
day-to-day dealings with the school’s stakeholders, observations, insights, and reflections are vital inputs in understanding
the dynamics of school principalship. This narrative inquiry is an attempt to capture the tacit knowledge of a Filipino secondary
school principal whose experiences were limited by the absence of a formal academic preparation in school management but illumined
by herleadership reflective space (LRS) which enabled her to surface the serendipitous language of principalship. 相似文献
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Sondra Cuban 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(6):737-754
This article focuses on findings from an Economic and Social Research Council study in England about the uses of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among 15 highly mobile migrant workers within their transnational families. Using an extended case study approach including ethnographic methods and a thematic analysis, patterns appeared about learning within transnational families using ICTs. The findings were that their mobile learning was: (1) infused with caring; (2) multi-directional and involved multiple members; (3) translated tacit knowledge; and (4) enabled linguistic gifting. Implications for lifelong education centre on practice and policies that build on how transnational families communicate using ICTs. The study conclusions focus on the complexities of mobile learning within these families, showing that they are difficult to capture, but nonetheless important. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Educational Research》1999,31(7):577-589
There are three kinds of transfer: from prior knowledge to learning, from learning to new learning, and from learning to application. The central thesis of this chapter is that all three should start from the dilemmas or paradoxes learners may have when trying to reach transfer. Six of these are described. They are finding relevant prior knowledge; the paradox of tacit knowledge; using relevant prior knowledge while learning; recognizing relevant situations and conditions; the paradox of near transfer and far transfer; and the paradoxical “what” of transfer, including learning to learn. In order to optimize transfer one needs to help learners solve the problems they encounter and to find ways out of the various dilemmas and paradoxes. For the three kinds of transfer exemplary studies are described that illustrate the kinds of solutions developed and their effectiveness. 相似文献
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缄默知识是技术知识的重要组成部分,实践和经验是缄默知识获得和转化的主要途径。在技术工人的培养过程中,必须重视实践性学习和教学,发挥学徒制应有的作用,并利用现代多媒体仿真技术创造虚拟现实环境、开发虚拟教学资源,而教师在教学中也要注意将其隐性的教学经验显性化,引导学生将显性知识内化到活动中去。 相似文献
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严厉 《南昌教育学院学报》2011,(12):161+163-161
文章讨论了二语知识中显性知识与隐性知识之间的关系以及对两类知识的测量,认为在语言学习的过程中,显性知识和隐性知识的输入和练习要保持平衡,才能保证成功的语言学习。 相似文献
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Greg Blackburn 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2017,65(1):147-176
Much has been written about the promise and peril of technology in education. This paper presents an empirical study that explores how technology can play a pivotal role in student learning and how teaching staff can adopt innovative technology-based approaches in the creation of interactive online problem-based learning (PBL) resources, allowing students to interact with authentic, complex and realistic problems designed within a framework of PBL methodology. The application of PBL approaches within authentic situated learning contexts has been shown in the literature to deepen student learning outcomes. This paper demonstrates how innovative authoring tools that promote problem-solving skills and the acquisition of domain-specific knowledge were introduced as part of a University-wide elearning strategic blueprint. Overall, student feedback is very positive, with many students commenting on the realism, and even the enjoyment of the online problem simulations. However, major challenges were met in the implementation requiring several support activities across the organisation. 相似文献
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朱春飞 《山东商业职业技术学院学报》2013,(6):41-43
浙江的民营外向型经济非常活跃.文章采用半结构式深度访谈法探索这些企业家如何着眼于海外市场培养接班人.研究发现,接班人的显性知识的积累往往依托于学校的正统教育和外贸企业的实习及工作,默会知识易于通过父母言传身教的方式发生和传递给子女. 相似文献