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1.
应用科学大学是德国高等教育体系的重要组成部分。在50年的发展过程中,应用科学大学面临着高等教育系统的趋同与自身的特色发展。在两种力量的共同作用下,"应用型研究"开始为应用科学大学所重视。学科发展、市场需求、政策法律等方面都为应用科学大学科研功能的发展作好了准备。然而"应用型研究"所必需的人员、资金以及制度资源都具有竞争性,应用科学大学科研功能的发展受到具有"先发优势"的大学的约束。尽管"应用型研究"理念为应用科学大学争取了科研功能发展的空间,但是科研资源的有限性制约了应用科学大学科研功能的发展。 相似文献
2.
Petr Kratochvíl 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(4):161-162
The humanities and the social sciences particularly suffered under communism because of the susceptibility of their disciplines to political and ideological manipulation. Nevertheless, in some of them the intellectual climate was more liberal in the Academy than in the universities. With transition, a much reduced research staff has adopted new approaches to research and to the definition of areas of research, one of which is a reevaluation of the recent history of the Czech Republic. A major task of the humanities and the social sciences is permanent reflection on the human condition. 相似文献
3.
The increasing importance of the competition in global university ranking has resulted in a paradigm shift in academic governance in East Asia. Many governments have introduced different strategies for benchmarking their leading universities to facilitate global competitiveness and international visibility. A major trend in the changing university governance is the emergence of a regulatory evaluation scheme for faculty research productivity, reflected by the striking features of the recent changing academic profile of publication norms and forms that go beyond the territories of nation-states in the East and West. With the expansion of the Taiwanese higher education system in the last two decades, the maintenance of quality to meet the requirements for international competitiveness has become a key concern for policy makers. Since 2005, the Ministry of Education has introduced a series of university governance policies to enhance academic excellence in universities and established a formal university evaluation policy to improve the competitiveness and international visibility of Taiwanese universities. In so doing, the government has legalized a clear link between evaluation results and public funding allocation. Research performance is assessed in terms of the number of articles published in journals indexed by the Science Citation Index (SCI), the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index and in terms of citation rates and associated factors. Therefore, evaluation has taken on a highly quantitative dimension. Despite the efforts of concerned parties to encourage academic excellence, the abovementioned quantitative evaluation indicators have resulted in bitter complaints from the humanities and social sciences, whose research accomplishments are devalued and ignored by the current quantitative indicators. In this paper, the authors describe the recent petition for collective action initiated by university faculty to protest the privileging of SSCI and SCI publications as critical indicators for academic performance regardless of faculty discipline and specialization. The article concludes its argument with a group petition calling for more diverse and reliable indicators in recognizing the research of different natures and disciplines while creating culturally responsive evaluation criteria for social sciences and humanities in the Taiwanese academe. The article not only sheds light on academic evaluation literature, especially on the uncertain paradox of globalization and market economy, but also proposes alternatives to the evaluation system for humanities and social sciences in higher education. 相似文献
4.
开展科学研究是西藏自治区高校的重要职能之一.改革开放以来,西藏高校科研得到了较快的发展,形成了有自己特色的研究领域,取得了一定的科研成果.但与西部其他省区高校相比还有较大差距.本文就2000年以来西藏高校获得国家哲学社会科学基金和自然科学基金项目数,以及在重要学术期刊发表论文数,与西部省区其他高校进行统计对比,以期了解西藏高校存在的差距,为西藏高校进一步改进科研管理、促进科研发展提供参考. 相似文献
5.
A dominant concern with internationalisation through the past decades has been the process of strategic transformation of universities. While strategic management has been perceived as a necessary and useful approach in the construction of internationalisation, many criticisms have been levelled against the application of strategic management in internationalisation. One of these criticisms is the ‘implementation gap’ between internationalisation strategic plans and their actual outcomes. Based on interview data collected from 73 key actors involved in internationalisation at 16 Dutch public universities, this research identifies 12 elements that comprise the concept strategic management and illustrates how educational practitioners in different sectors (research universities and universities of applied sciences) and job function levels (central and faculty) prioritise these elements. The key contribution of this research is the clarification of the areas where the ‘implementation gap’ exists and the causes of this gap. The findings of this research are particularly important in the midst of uncontested popularisation of strategic management, because they can help universities to reduce this gap and improve the effectiveness of their strategic management practices. 相似文献
6.
基于国际论文统计分析的视角,从学科领域、ESI学科两个层次和结构、规模、质量三个维度对中关一流大学理科发展状况进行比较。中国一流大学和美国一流大学的主导学科领域分别是理科与生命科学学科;中国一流大学理科规模增长速度较快,与美国一流大学的差距主要体现在质量上。我国一流大学理科各学科处于不同的发展阶段：数学学科数量和质量平衡发展;物理和化学两个学科规模大幅增长,引领了理科规模的快速扩张;环境生态学和地球科学稳健发展,而空间科学仍处于起步阶段。 相似文献
7.
杨志顺 《四川师范学院学报》2005,(4):111-112
高等师范院校学报自然科学版在办刊中有的存在稿源不足的问题，本文提出解决这一问题的思路。即：发挥科研优势，开拓本校稿源；外争学科好稿，提高学术质量；面对学科交叉，扩大研究范围；文理版次分明，避免学科混编。 相似文献
8.
理工科高校的人文社会科学的基础相对较为薄弱,如何借助理工科优势进行人文社会科学的学科交叉、发展人文社会科学成为一个亟待解决的问题。文章基于组织模式的维度和特征构建D-F模型,采用调查研究法、内容分析法分析麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学和上海交通大学人文社会科学的学科交叉的组织模式,提出思考与建议,以期对理工科高校构建特色鲜明、文理交叉的学科体系并推动人文社会科学的发展提供思路与模式借鉴。 相似文献
9.
Ruth Neumann 《Higher Education》1992,23(2):159-171
This paper reports on the perceptions that senior academic administrators hold on the relationship between the research and teaching components of academic work. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with senior academic administrators from the humanities, sciences, social sciences and professional areas. The findings indicate a strong belief in a symbiotic nexus between teaching and research. Indeed, the data reveal many important, but often subtle, interconnections between these two components of academic work. A three-level nexus between teaching and research is suggested: the tangible nexus, the intangible nexus and, the global nexus. These findings form part of a wider investigation into the nature of academic work in Australian universities and are proposed as a suitable framework for further research. 相似文献
10.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(2):103-118
AbstractThe dissemination and utilisation of research knowledge produced at universities has been debated in recent times. Recent changes and developments at universities suggest an entrepreneurial model of academic research production in which universities have the responsibility not only to carry out research and teaching but also to disseminate research outputs directly to the users for economic growth of the society. In this paper, we present findings on the nature of ICT research studies conducted, the dissemination and utilisation of the research findings in the past five years at the three universities in Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe. A major finding of the study was that many ICT studies conducted at these universities did not target particular community groups for dissemination of knowledge generated and consequently, research outputs from these projects were not delivered to their potential end-users. The ICT research knowledge findings remained located mostly in university departments, libraries, and donor or government ministry offices. The main challenge was that of effective dissemination and utilisation of research knowledge outputs by these academic institutions. The main recommendation emerging from the study was on policies and strategies to monitor research outputs and to intensify dissemination and utilisation of academic knowledge produced. 相似文献
11.
细胞生物学是生命科学各专业的主干课程,许多科研院所和高校都将它列入生命科学及相关专业硕士研究生入学考试的专业课必考科目。通过对全国多所大学和科研院所近10年的细胞生物学研究生入学试题进行深入、全面的研究,系统地探讨了细胞生物学考研命题规律及出题特点,并在此基础上建立黄山学院《细胞生物学》考研试题库。 相似文献
12.
Academic work: Perceptions of senior academic administrators 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ruth Neumann 《The Australian Educational Researcher》1993,20(1):33-47
This article reports on selected findings of the first stage of a qualitative study of academic work in Australian universities. This stage examined the perceptions senior academic administrators from the humanities, sciences, social sciences and professional areas hold of the work roles of academics. The article presents their perceptions of ‘research’ and ‘scholarship’ and the link between the two, as well as the interrelationships between research, scholarship and teaching. The findings show a high level of consensus and coherence in the views presented. The article examines possible reasons for such a unanimity of perception and raises further questions for investigation. 相似文献
13.
STS所倡导的是一种跨学科、跨专业领域的意识和精神,可指导高校社科科研管理工作的改革。根据当前高校社科科研管理面临的新形势,理工科优势大学社科科研以STS理论和方法为指导,引证举例,提出了理工科大学社科科研体制改革的方法及途径。 相似文献
14.
Deanne Gannaway 《高等教育研究与发展》2015,34(2):298-310
Undergraduate students have historically engaged with the humanities and social sciences through the Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree programme. Recent experiences suggest that the relevance and the value of the degree to the modern world is now being challenged: populist press questions the value of the humanities to the modern knowledge economy; public funding for teaching in the social sciences and humanities in higher education has been slashed in the UK and elsewhere; humanities and social sciences schools and departments in the USA, New Zealand and Canada rationalised and restructured; BA programmes in some Australian universities closed. All seems to suggest that the sun is setting on the BA. This paper argues that, in Australia at least, these actions have been made on the basis of a flawed understanding of contemporary BA programmes. It asserts that the contemporary BA is a very different creature to that of even the recent past. The paper offers a new definition of the contemporary Australian BA degree programme developed as a result of a comparative historical analysis research study across 39 Australian institutions. It extends an argument that perhaps the time is right for a re-examination of what is meant by ‘BA’ – before we declare the degree a relic of the past. 相似文献
15.
Brian Rappert 《Higher Education Quarterly》1997,51(3):239-250
Research in universities has undergone significant restructuring in the last decade and a half. Much of this restructuring stems from government policies aimed at harnessing research towards the goals of national wealth creation and improved quality of life. A key strategy in achieving these goals is making research relevant to 'users', typically defined in terms of business. Although many have commented on the tensions that arise from incorporating the notions of users and relevance in the natural and physical sciences, these have received little attention as they apply to the social sciences. As this paper argues, the application of the notion of users is far from unproblematic and reflects the wider ambiguities of UK science policy in general. 相似文献
16.
通识教育在国家精英大学体系的建构中具有重要的符号象征意义。美国高等教育体系中,以通识教育为主的小型精英文理学院和作为一流研究型大学核心的文理学院是美国精英大学的象征性符号,是典型案例;法国高等专科学校建构国家精英大学身份的过程看上去最不需要通识教育的象征性资源,但实际上却存在明显的对后者的接纳与汲取,是最小可能的关键案例。而中国研究型大学是深受欧陆影响的以专业教育和专业院系为主导制度逻辑的精英大学体系,但改革者对于通识教育的基本认知与共同想象却是由美国通识教育与文理学院模式所塑造的,这一符号植入与专业逻辑之间的不断冲突与反复调试,成为中国研究型大学通识教育改革的独特面相。 相似文献
17.
This paper explores the changing relationships between the UK government, its research councils and universities, focusing on the governing, funding and organisation of doctoral training. We use the Doctoral Training Centres (DTCs) funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) as a prism through which to study the shifting nature of university governance more broadly. Taking up ministerial policy ‘steers’ around research selectivity, knowledge exchange and collaboration, the national research councils position themselves as active partners to universities, working closely with their selected institutional ‘investments’.Drawing on interviews with directors of these DTCs, we document the range of ways in which universities are responding to these dynamic and sometimes unpredictable governance practices. This paper also highlights the growing number of collaborations between universities that are emerging. We use recent work in science governance to argue that, through the Doctoral Training Centres, these ‘lively’ Research Council bureaucracies are reshaping the social sciences and universities more broadly. 相似文献
18.
美国在研究型大学中建立国家实验室的启示 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
美国一批顶尖一流大学的崛起与其代管的国家实验室息息相关。本研究建议：在研究型大学组建一批能够瞄准国家战略目标和世界科技前沿、致力于战略科技领域重大攻关和前沿基础研究、代表国家最高水平的国家实验室，通过组建国家实验室整合国家科技资源，将重大科技攻关和前沿基础研究项目投向国家实验室。 相似文献
19.
高等教育学学科面临“危机”成为近些年热议的学术话题。然而,从建制和理智层面来分析,高等教育学建制“危机”其实并不存在。个别高校对学位点和研究机构的调整是一种正常的改革行为,并未有充分证据说明在全国范围内该学科的建制出现全局性崩溃;理智“危机”也并不存在,持“危机说”者实则是对高等教育学抱有非合理的“自然科学化”固念。从经济学、社会学、管理学等学科的经验来看,自然科学化并非解决人文社会学科所谓理智“危机”的“灵丹妙药”,人文社会学科与自然科学有所区别的知识结构和发展特点是其正常属性而非理智“危机”。故而,与其说高等教育学学科面临“危机”是一种事实判断,毋宁说是一种警示象征和推动学科再发展的话语策略。面向未来发展,高等教育学应着力于回归知识本义、聚焦中微观研究、推进技术学建设、发展特殊性理论以及构建完整学科力量,谋求新的突破。 相似文献
20.
大学德育过程审美文化研究论要 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
美学作为人文社会科学中的基础学科,有丰厚的基础理论,形成一批成熟的部门美学。与大学德育科学有密切关系的有审美学、审美教育学、教育美学等部门美学学科。大学德育学吸收美学研究的理论成果,大学德育施行过程中借鉴审美实践,会较好地优化和提升大学德育过程,促进大学德育过程审美化进程,切实保证和提高大学德育质量。 相似文献