共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 750 毫秒
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城市社区人口的逐步老龄化,运动康复领域政府扶持政策的出台,社区居民运动康复服务需求的日益显现,以及随之出现的物理治疗师人才缺口为研究背景。主要研究目的:分析中医药院校运动康复专业与物理治疗师(PT),在社区运动康复服务体系构建过程中的特点与功能。认为:1)社区运动康复服务是实现多途径早期康复医疗介入的有效运行载体之一,是未来患者持续治疗回归社区进行有效康复的必然趋势;2)运用传统中医养生理念,所培养出的物理治疗师(PT)职业特征鲜明,是拓展运动康复服务体系实践应用领域的新路径;3)加强运动康复学科中物理治疗专业教育,从而发挥物理治疗师的专业特色,引导辖区居民在思想认识和健康观念上,逐渐摒弃传统的医疗服务观念,形成社区居民的运动康复意识。 相似文献
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Sandra Billinger 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2010,21(1):22-24
Purpose: To discuss the role of the vascular system and regulation of blood flow delivery in individuals with chronic stroke. This paper will discuss mechanisms of blood flow, vascular remodeling in chronic stroke, exercise as an intervention to improve blood flow delivery, and the role of physical therapy practice in promoting exercise. Key Points: Evidence suggests that people with chronic stroke may experience reduced blood flow and decreased arterial diameter in the hemiparetic limb. These arterial changes may influence exercise performance and functional ambulation. However, exercise training can be an effective intervention for improving blood flow delivery in the hemiparetic limb. Statement of Recommendations: Physical therapists working with people post-stroke should routinely prescribe aerobic exercise training within the plan of care during stroke rehabilitation. This may minimize declines in the cardiorespiratory and vascular systems and provide greater functional capacity to perform functional activities during and after discharge from physical therapy services.Key Words: blood flow, stroke, cardiovascular, exercise 相似文献
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The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of a fitness assessment and exercise consultation on physical activity over 1 year in non-regularly active participants drawn from a socially and economically deprived community. Of 3000 people invited to volunteer for either intervention, 225 fitness assessment volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group; 145 exercise consultation volunteers were similarly assigned. Physical activity was measured at baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months (plus an intervention re-test), 6 months and 1 year. Analysis of variance and follow-up Bonferroni analysis showed that, for those not regularly active at baseline, physical activity increased significantly to 4 weeks, was maintained to 6 months but had fallen by 1 year. Only those receiving an exercise consultation significantly increased their physical activity after 1 year. Compared with fitness assessments, chi-square analysis showed that significantly more non-regularly active participants volunteered for an exercise consultation and those receiving an exercise consultation had significantly better long-term study adherence than those receiving a fitness assessment. The study also showed that, contrary to popular opinion, those in a socially and economically deprived community are not 'hard to reach' and respond well to physical activity interventions. 相似文献
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马毅 《沈阳体育学院学报》2003,(3):68-69
物理治疗专业培养专业的康复和治疗人员 ,对人的残障、损伤和疾病予以预防、治疗和康复 ,特别是对体育运动中出现的损伤与康复有着重要的作用。该专业在美国已有 80多年的发展历史 ,体育教育出现此专业只有近几十年的历程。随着大众体育运动的普及和人们对健康与安全的日益关心 ,物理治疗专业必将受到全社会的重视和欢迎。 相似文献
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运动处方对糖尿病高危人群血糖、血脂与体质指标的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用跟踪实验法观察24周运动处方锻炼对糖尿病高危人群血糖、血脂与体质指标的影响。结果,糖尿病高危患者锻炼后,体重、体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比、收缩压和静态心率均显著减少(P<0.05),肺活量、握力、座位体前屈显著增加(P<0.05);空腹血糖、葡萄糖负荷试验2h后血糖、糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1c)、血清甘油三酯、血清总胆固醇(TC)和血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均显著降低(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)却显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:长期、系统、有针对性的运动处方锻炼可显著改善糖尿病高危人群的血糖、血脂和体质指标,对患者增强体质和预防糖尿病的发生有重要作用。 相似文献
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Kristin Lefebvre Terri Anderson Kim Herbertson Aliah Keirsey Heather Wnorowski Kerstin M Palombaro 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2010,21(4):5-13
Background: The American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) recommends health related quality of life (HRQL) measurement with all cardiovascular and pulmonary patients. The current pattern of use of HRQL measurement among cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapists is unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of use of HRQL measurement among cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapists. Design: The study used a semi-structured interview format within the context of 3 focus groups. Methods: Eleven physical therapists participated in this study and all were members of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Participants participated in a conference call and were provided a question tree to guide discussion. Results: Several primary themes emerged, including decreased knowledge, barriers, and poor indicators of patient status. In addition, several subthemes developed including lack of familiarity, lack of use, administrative and cost limitations, inappropriateness of tool for patient population, correlation between function and quality of life, and suggestions for future outcome measures. Conclusions: A lack of familiarity and use of HRQL measurement and barriers to their use were established. In addition, ideas for future research on HRQL measurements with specific patient populations in physical therapy practice were defined.Key Words: health related quality of life, outcomes measurement 相似文献
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目的研究"体医结合"智能处方对临界高血压人群的干预作用及其效果。方法选取某社区进行高血压人群筛查,对筛查出的临界高血压人群（收缩压141~159mmHg,舒张压91~94mmHg）进行健康体检和医学评估,确定没有并发症的12人为间歇有氧运动组（intermittent aerobic exercise,IAE组）,有并发症和/或不能运动的11人为对照组（C组）,全部病人建立医学电子档案,进行医学教育,饮食控制和行为纠正。IAE组穿戴智能动态生命体征监测设备（EquivitalTM LifeMonitor02）,进行12周的间歇有氧运动。先进行2周跑台运动能力测试,获取运动能力指标。应用healthone体质健康管理专家系统3.0对受试者进行生活方式调查、体质健康综合测评、健康风险预测及运动风险评估,输出运动处方。按照自动生成的运动处方指导意见修订处方后进行间歇有氧运动干预,期间智能设备自动传输数据反馈效果,实施监控,根据情况调整、修订处方,完成12周运动。结果IAE组的血压明显低于运动前及C组（P<0.05）,降低到正常范围。结论"体医结合"干预临界高血压人群效果明显,智能处方在干预和监控过程中起到重要作用,其理论和方法可用于社区高血压的防控。 相似文献
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Jonathan D Wiles Damian Coleman Martin Dunford Ian Swaine 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):795-803
There is a paucity of research on devices suitable for home-based isometric exercise. Our aim was to compare cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise using novel and established methods. Ten individuals (age 34.0?±?8.5 years, mass 68.2?±?10.4?kg, height 1.72?±?0.09?m; mean?±?s) performed three different isometric exercise protocols with 48?h between each. Each protocol involved four repeated exercise bouts of 2?min at 30% maximum voluntary contraction force using alternate legs (transducer), alternate arms (transducer), or alternate arms (novel device). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 30?s. The highest (peak) values during each 2?min bout of exercise were recorded (peak systolic blood pressure, peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure and peak heart rate). At the end of each 2?min exercise bout, the participants rated their perceived discomfort using Borg's CR-10 scale. There was a statistically significant difference in peak systolic blood pressure between isometric arm flexion using the force transducer and the novel device [158.1?±?10.8 vs. 149.1?±?13.9?mmHg (mean?±?s); P = 0.02]. Further analysis showed that peak systolic blood pressure was on average 9?mmHg higher using the force transducer with limits of agreement of –?15.97 to 33.97?mmHg. Analysis of the peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure, peak heart rate and CR-10 data revealed no statistically significant differences between the three protocols. These results suggest that this novel, home-based method elicited similar cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise to those of established laboratory-based methods. However, the lower peak systolic blood pressure using the modified scales warrants further investigation before this method is used widely in the home. 相似文献
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This article summarizes previous studies on blood ammonia levels in relation to exercise. The dynamics of blood ammonia were reviewed with consideration to its production, removal, and distribution in various tissue compartments. During intense exercise, the primary source of ammonia is adenosine monophosphate deamination. Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids becomes important during submaximal exercise. Ammonia response to various types of exercise was also compared to lactate response. A comprehensive summary on factors affecting blood ammonia levels is provided. These reveal the possibility of applying blood ammonia measurement in monitoring and prescribing exercise, indirect measurement of muscle fiber composition, and muscle glycogen levels. However, more studies need to be conducted to evaluate these possibilities before blood ammonia measurement can be widely used. 相似文献
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血氨测定在运动人体科学中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
聂金雷 《天津体育学院学报》2002,17(1):55-57
总结了近年来运动与血氨水平的相关研究。剧烈运动中，氨主要的来源是单磷酸腺苷的脱氨基，而在次最大强度运动中支链氨基酸的分解占重要地位。比较了血氨与血乳酸对运动的反应；总结了影响血氨水平的各种因素；综述了血氨测定在监测与指导运动训练、间接测定肌纤维成分及肌肉糖原水平中的应用。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):394-404
Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old. Several lifestyle factors may increase, or reduce, an individual's risk of developing AD. Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity. Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity. The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago. In this review, we discuss the role of exercise (aerobic and resistance) training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD. Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition. We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies. We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid β turnover, inflammation, synthesis and release of neurotrophins, and improvements in cerebral blood flow. Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide. Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations. 相似文献
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康华养 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(8):81-83
采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法等研究方法,对广东财经大学华商学院学生课外体育锻炼现状以及影响因素进行调查与分析。结果表明：男生每周参加体育锻炼次数多于女生;场地器材不足是影响学生课外体育锻炼主要因素;男女生参加体育锻炼所用时间差距较大;学生参加课外体育锻炼形式多样;男生体育锻炼的项目以篮球为主,女生以健美操为主;参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质、娱乐身心;男女生对课外体育锻炼重要性的认识比例偏差大。针对大学生锻炼的现状并作出相应的研究对策,以及对大学生和学院领导在课外体育锻炼方面提出意见与建议作参考依据？ 相似文献
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目的:考察11岁左右少年运动员开始进行大运动量训练的3个项目(自行车、划船、足球)的动脉血压反应,并分析最大运动时动脉血压、VO_2max对受试者心脏体积增加的影响。方法:对受试者进行病史和体格检查,用M型二堆超声心动图、12导心电图检查心脏参数,逐级运动试验直接测定VO_2max。在安静和最大运动状态下检测收缩压和舒张压。用Devereux公式计算左心室体积指数(LVMI)。结果:自行车运动员的LVMI值明显高于其他运动员;划船运动员在最大运动时的动脉血压最高,而自行车运动员具有较高的VO_2max。LVMI与VO_2max和最大运动时的收缩压有较好的相关。结论:VO_2max对运动员心脏肥大的发生和发展起重要作用。较大的动脉血压反应有利于发展较大的LVMI。 相似文献
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体力活动运动处方对预防老年妇女冠心病易患因素作用初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究目的：探讨体力活动运动处方对预防65岁以上老年妇女冠心病易患因素的作用。研究方法：借鉴日本65岁以上老人行动能力和体力测定的最新方法与评价标准，对我国部分65—75岁老年妇女行动能力及体力进行测定，对体力状况不同的两组老年妇女，分别进行三个月不同体力活动方式的运动处方锻炼，并于锻炼前后对她们的身体成分、血脂含量等指标进行测试分析。研究结果：锻炼后，两组受试体重明显下降；血清甘油三脂(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL—c)显著下降，虽未见胆固醇(TC)显著下降和高密度脂蛋白(HDL—c)的显著上升，但LDL—c／HDL—c和TC／HDL—c显著下降；血压下降。表明针对行动能力和体力不同的两组老年妇女所制定的两套运动处方，能有效控制老年妇女的体重，降低血压，改善血脂代谢，预防冠心病的发生。 相似文献
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针对我国当下中考体育逐渐提高分值(乃至与主科同分)以及将体育作为高考必考科目这一改革取向的操作和实践问题而展开，涉及考试设项、平时成绩及“减负”“双减”等相关理论假定的困境或误区，旨在为体育中高考改革议题和决策提供理论参考及警示。认为：(1)体育中高考的设项难以与体育(及健康)关联，并存在操作性偏差。考试项目难以体现体育的实质及其多维目标，考试设项数量确立及选项、抽考等举措存在理论缺失和缺陷，“考什么”(考试项目)对“教(练)什么”导向失当及评价失灵。(2)体育中高考的平时成绩难以与过程性评价及体育锻炼关联，并衍生相关问题。这主要缘于平时成绩偏离常规体育教学过程性评价的真实功能且缺乏公平性；同时，平时成绩的可能构成中，“平时表现”难以培养学生的锻炼意识、习惯及其他内在相关品质，“体育竞赛”和“体育素养”也均存在较大的弊端或局限。(3)体育中高考改革取向难以对冲文化应试教育及推进“减负”或“双减”。其中的认识误区为将一般性、适度的体育锻炼等同于高区分性升学考试压力下的功利性、极限式训练。提出：体育中高考应与体育相分离的根本原因为考试设项所具有的个体化、体能化、简单-片段化、标准化等特征，难以体现体育项目、体育教学所应有的内容及相关素养，甚至难以反映真正的体育运动能力；体育课程不能“教什么，考什么”，是制约这门课程应试化及纳入中高考的结构性因素。 相似文献