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开源软件的许可证浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开放源代码软件存在着众多类型的授权许可,不同的授权许可对于开放源代码软件的使用、修改和发布有着不同的约束.本文从常见的开源软件的许可证出发,对比分析了与商业软件许可证的不同,提出在运用开源软件时应规避的风险. 相似文献
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运用作者共被引分析方法,以Web of Science数据库中收录的开放式创新相关文献作为数据来源,借助Bibexcel、SPSS和Ucinet等分析工具,构建高被引作者共现矩阵,进行多元统计分析和社会网络分析,以可视化形式展现开放式创新研究的知识图谱。研究表明,国外开放式创新研究可分为综合视角、开源软件视角及外部视角三个学术群。其中,综合视角从开放式创新的概念、适用条件、知识管理、价值网络、商业模式创新及创新价值网络、知识产权、企业创新绩效、用户创新等方面展开研究;开源软件视角针对开源软件社区进行研究;外部视角聚焦于获取外部技术与知识的研究。同时,梳理并阐释了国外开放式创新各学术群的内涵。 相似文献
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近年来,开源日渐成为软件开发的新范式。不同于传统模式,开源软件开发依托数字化平台和模块化技术,表现出明显的自愿参与、自主创新和自治运作特点。为此,开源软件项目可通过开放参与汇聚集体智慧,打造高价值产品。然而,开放参与在激活知识获取的同时,也加重了知识吸收负担,对开源软件项目绩效发挥着“双刃剑”作用。立足开放悖论视角,基于知识基础观,阐明了开源软件项目开放参与的双重影响机制：知识获取与知识吸收。在此基础上,系统探讨开放参与广度和深度如何作用于开源软件项目绩效,以及许可证协议这一代表性治理机制的权变作用。对Git Hub平台上409个开源项目的实证研究发现：（1）开放参与广度与开源软件项目绩效呈倒U型关系,即随着参与者的持续涌入,绩效会先升后降;（2）开放参与深度与开源软件项目绩效呈U型关系,即随着核心参与者的继续增加,绩效会先降后升;（3）高限制性许可证会强化开放参与广度与开源软件项目绩效间的倒U型关系。 相似文献
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本文对开源软件许可最著名的版权协议之一--GNU GPL的本质和规则进行了探讨,并分析了OSI开源软件发布规制及开放源代码价值体现.最后,论文介绍了GPL的发展,并分析了开源软件面临的障碍及发展经验的汲取. 相似文献
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Android开源手机与知识产权保护浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
"开源操作系统越来越广泛地被应用于手机。其中,谷歌公司的Android开源手机操作系统正在得到市场的普遍认可。本文介绍了开源系统、软件的背景和特点,简述了Android系统平台的架构特点和软件开发模式,分析了Android平台涉及的知识产权相关问题,阐述了基于Android系统的软件开发模式和著作权法、合同法对软件的保护。本文最后分析了因为开源软件的专利权导致的公司之间和来自相同开发社区内部的矛盾,在结论部分总结了知识产权法律对Android开源软件的著作权保护。" 相似文献
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从复杂网络的视角分析企业间的相互依存性及其协调机制,发现企业的首要任务是找到与其他企业间所形成的相互依存性,并以适当的协调机制处理这种相互依存性。 相似文献
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指出了C/S架构的图书馆文献管理系统已不能很好满足互联网时代读者的信息需求,介绍了下一代网络、虚拟现实和3D技术、云计算、开源软件、Web2.0等当前IT技术热点,并探讨了这些技术在图书馆文献管理系统中的运用。 相似文献
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开源软件是分布式创新下集体智慧的代表,知识共享是影响项目绩效的关键。本文对403份有效问卷进行大样本定量分析,研究影响开源软件项目内成员间知识共享的核心要素和机制。研究表明,以共享知识为中介的分布式创新影响开源项目绩效。其中,开发员作为供给端,从参与动机、社会网络、组织文化三方面;用户作为需求端,从用户创新角度共同对共享知识显著影响,进而影响开源项目绩效。薪酬刺激对于开源软件开发员的参与动机影响并不显著,打破了以往的认知误区。社会网络对成员间知识共享的影响程度最大。开源项目核心团队的管理能力胜于其技术能力,对项目绩效产生作用。用户创新对于促进开源软件项目绩效意义重大。 相似文献
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软件设计与实现是计算机软件开发的非常重要的两个流程,然而经过近几十年来的发展,软件开发过程依然存在着众多的问题和缺陷,不能满足用户的要求,本文对当前计算机软件设计与实现过程中应遵循的规则进行了探讨,希望能对软件开发者有所裨益. 相似文献
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Open source is an example of user-centric innovation initiated by an individual or group of users to satisfy their specific needs; the more a software evolves towards a stable release able to address the requirements of its developers, the more successful the project. In this paper we use a large data-set obtained from SourceForge.net to estimate the relationship between a series of different characteristics of OS projects and the probability of evolution of the source code from a preliminary release to a mature version. We show that while projects distributed under highly restrictive licensing terms (GPL) have a significantly smaller probability of reaching a stable release, applications towards sophisticated users have a larger probability of evolving in the development status. Interestingly, we find that the size of the “community of developers” increases the chances of progress but this effect decreases as the community gets larger, a signal of possible coordination problems. 相似文献
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开源成为近年来发展较快的设计与创新模式，它在产品的创意转化、技术转化、市场导向、创新程度等方面具有显著的低成本和高客户满意度的优势。寻找关键影响因素对提高开源设计的效率和成功率有着积极的推动意义。首先，运用扎根理论文献综述的方法对相关领域的文献进行筛选和整理；其次，基于Crowston的开源软件进化过程模型，本文从输入要素和过程要素两大方面分析了影响开源设计成功的相关因素，主要包括：人员动机与行为、产品模块化的特点、项目许可的约束程度、社区规模与结构、知识共享的机制以及企业支持等。最后，根据上述分析，总结了开源设计演化过程中的两阶段影响因素，进而提出“两个持续”的目标对应两个阶段：在Pre-阶段成员的持续加入和在Post-阶段成员的持续创新，是开源设计成功的关键。 相似文献
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The open source software (OSS) movement thrives on innovation and volunteer effort of developers. Scholars have expressed widespread concern about the sustainability of the OSS movement due to high levels of volunteerism. In this paper, we address a central challenge to the sustainability of OSS-developers’ acceptance of monetary rewards. We strive to explain why some OSS developers accept monetary rewards and others do not. Viewed through the theoretical lens of the private-collective innovation model (0395 and 0400), this allows us to describe when developers will accept private financial rewards. Our main research objective is to clearly map the web of relationships between causal antecedents, and developers’ acceptance behavior. Using a unique dataset that combines survey and behavioral measures, we find that – (a) intention to accept monetary rewards mediates the impact of motivational elements on developers’ acceptance of monetary rewards; (b) intrinsic and extrinsic motivations positively affect their intention to accept monetary rewards, community motivation negatively impacts intention and ideological motivation does not affect the intention to accept rewards and (c) these effects are obtained even after inclusion of several control variables. The theoretical and managerial implications of our work are described. 相似文献
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In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness. 相似文献
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Context Open Source Software (OSS) development is a knowledge focused activity which relies heavily on contributors who can be volunteers or paid workers and are geographically distributed. While working on OSS projects contributors acquire project related individualistic knowledge and gain experience and skills, which often remains unshared with others and is usually lost once contributors leave a project. All software development organisations face the problem of knowledge loss as employees leave, but this situation is exasperated in OSS projects where most contributors are volunteers with largely unpredictable engagement durations. Contributor turnover is inevitable due to the transient nature of OSS project workforces causing knowledge loss, which threatens the overall sustainability of OSS projects and impacts negatively on software quality and contributor productivity.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to deeply and systematically investigate the phenomenon of knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects as presented in the state-of-the-art literature and to synthesise the information presented on the topic. Furthermore, based on the learning arising from our investigation it is our intention to identify mechanisms to reduce the overall effects of knowledge loss in OSS projects.MethodologyWe use the snowballing methodology to identify the relevant literature on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects. This robust methodology for a literature review includes research question, search strategy, inclusion, exclusion, quality criteria, and data synthesis. The search strategy, and inclusion, exclusions and quality criteria are applied as a part of snowballing procedure.Snowballing is considered an efficient and reliable way to conduct a systematic literature review, providing a robust alternative to mechanically searching individual databases for given topics.ResultKnowledge sharing in OSS projects is abundant but there is no evidence of a formal strategy or practice to manage knowledge. Due to the dynamic and diverse nature of OSS projects, knowledge management is considered a challenging task and there is a need for a proactive mechanism to share knowledge in the OSS community for knowledge to be reused in the future by the OSS project contributors. From the collection of papers found using snowballing, we consolidated various themes on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects and identified 11 impacts due to knowledge loss in OSS projects, and 10 mitigations to manage with knowledge loss in OSS projects.ConclusionIn this paper, we propose future research directions to investigate integration of proactive knowledge retention practices with the existing OSS practices to reduce the current knowledge loss problem. We suggest that there is insufficient attention paid to KM in general in OSS, in particular there would appear to an absence of proactive measures to reduce the potential impact of knowledge loss. We also propose the need for a KM evaluation metric in OSS projects, similar to the ones that evaluate health of online communities, which should help to inform potential consumers of the OSS of the KM status on a project, something that is not existent today. 相似文献
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This paper examines the within-industry diversification of software small and medium enterprises that collaborate with the open source software community (OSS SMEs). In doing so, it offers new insights into the association between open innovation and diversification. We rely on arguments inspired by the literature and evidence collected through interviews with OSS SMEs’ top managers to investigate factors that favor or hinder within-industry diversification. First, in line with the mainstream diversification literature, we focus attention on the role of firm size. Second, in the spirit of the open innovation research, we concentrate on the mechanisms that OSS SMEs put in place to get access to the external resources of the OSS community. Econometric evidence on 100 European OSS SMEs shows that firm size is negatively associated to within-industry diversification, while OSS SMEs that have contributed to a larger number of OSS projects have a more diversified portfolio of software products. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that the practice of authorizing firm programmers to contribute autonomously to OSS projects of their own choice during working hours may be positively associated to within-industry diversification only if OSS SMEs possess adequate internal technological resources. 相似文献
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Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? “Collective invention” regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation. 相似文献
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随着开源软件(OSS)的普及，作为其承载平台的开源软件社区，也得到了用户的广泛使用。但用户往往仅从社区获取开源软件或代码，而缺乏知识贡献的意愿，这将影响OSS社区的持续运营和发展。基于社会影响理论，本文建立了开源软件社区用户知识贡献行为模型，考察了顺从、认同、内化三种社会影响机制对用户行为的作用。研究收集了351份有效数据，采用结构方程模型(SEM)进行分析。研究结果显示，社会认可（认同机制）是影响开源软件社区用户知识贡献意愿的主要因素，群体规范（内化机制）对用户的贡献意愿没有显著作用，而主观规范（顺从机制）阻碍用户的贡献意愿形成。研究结果启示开源软件社区需重视建立用户的社会认同，从而促进其知识贡献行为，确保社区的成功。 相似文献