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1.
国内外信息资源建设政策的比较与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章在大量文献调查的基础上对我国与国外若干发达国家信息资源建设政策内容进行比较研究,认为我国现阶段的信息资源建设政策是比较零散的、应急式的,政策目标还不够清晰,尚未形成政策体系,提出我国应重视政府信息资源和公益信息资源建设政策的制定,逐步形成政策重点,并加强政策的可操作性等若干建议。 相似文献
2.
Much of information policy is focused on establishing the parameters of information access—ensuring or limiting access to certain types of information. Given how central information access is to virtually every aspect of society, policy can be seen as one of the most significant forces influencing the information society. Recent events, however, have fueled changes in the ways that some governments use policy to shape access, none more significantly than the United States. This paper examines the meanings of and relationships between policy and access, as well as their key roles in society and democratic participation. Following an examination of the historical and social impacts of policies about access, the article analyzes the perspectives of the Bush administration on how policy should shape information access as an illustration of the relationships between policy and access. The paper examines the issues raised by the Bush administration’s views on access and policy and the implications of their policies for the United States, for the global information society, and for research related to information. Ultimately, the paper raises questions about the extent to which information policies about access can be used for overtly political purposes, what might be described as “information politics,” without significantly altering the meaning of information access in a society. 相似文献
3.
本文以信息安全策略为研究对象,在比较分析现有的信息安全策略管理工具的基础上用O-Telos语言表示信息安全策略,并提出基于知识库的信息安全策略管理模型。该管理模型能对信息安全策略进行动态化管理,解决策略之间的冲突,并能实现对信息安全策略的评估。 相似文献
4.
《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(3):149-177
ABSTRACTEye tracking offers researchers an opportunity to collect an objective assessment of visual behavior. Visual behavior—referring broadly to metrics and measures of gaze positioning and movement—has been used to assess variables including exposure time, cognitive processing, prominence, and (visual) attention. Over the past decade, communication science researchers have increased their use of eye-tracking methods in published articles. During that same period, technological innovations have made eye-tracking units more affordable and accessible to interested researchers increasing the likelihood that eye-tracking research will continue to increase in the field. In this article, we provide information on eye tracking in hopes of improving the quality and reporting of eye-tracking research in communication. The article first provides an overview of basic eye-tracking information followed by a systematic review on the reporting of eye-tracking methods in communication-relevant research. We then provide eye-tracking research reporting recommendations and some ideas about how eye tracking might be integrated into scholarly work moving forward with the aim of improving the transparency and replicability of eye-tracking research in communication science. 相似文献
5.
《Government Information Quarterly》1995,12(3):251-295
This article examines, in detail, the history and process of formulation and implementation of information policy in Canada during the period of 1970 through 1994. The sometimes tenuous working relationship of the Canadian federal government and the electronic information industry is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics and consequences of Crown copyright. The financial environment in which the industry operates is viewed in the context of government policy and suggestions are made as to how those policies might be changed to favor the industry. Also, considered are recent developments—the 1992 National Information Summit, the Stentor alliance, plans for a national information highway, and CANARIE. 相似文献
6.
《Government Information Quarterly》1997,14(2):143-154
There is much discussion in research literature regarding the information produced by inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) and what publications are available for use in libraries. At the same time, there is little discussion of the information policies of IGOs regarding access to IGO information. In fact, the freedom of information debate, with few exceptions, has not been extended to include IGOs. Although IGOs are made up of governmental bodies, the role of the IGO seems to be that of facilitator for state policy formation. This role fails to recognize that IGOs produce information of their own accord and make decisions which affect peoples in the member states. This article surveys the issue of access to IGO information and discusses how national debates can be extended to the IGO level. It shows both explicit and implicit information policies with case studies from the environmental information field: the European Union's (EU) directive on environmental information, and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Three issues emerge: these are varying levels of access to IGO information, varying levels of IGO information policy, and a relative paucity of research on the subject. The principles of accountability, transparency, and public involvement are being made explicit more frequently in the documents of IGOs. However, a continuing gap between explicit and implicit policies must be bridged. 相似文献
7.
我国开放存取（OA）资源建设政策研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
8.
《Government Information Quarterly》1995,12(2):213-223
The article argues that the Federal government needs to develop special government-wide policies, similar to OMB Circular No. A-130, which would be applicable to scientific and technical information (STI). After exploring the relation between government information and government STI, the author points out that Federal statistics has its own special set of policies known as Statistical Policy Directives. STI's situation is different from other government information because it is carried out in the culture of science and academia, in the culture of classified information and export controls, and in the international arena. A policy circular for STI would touch on Federal research and development, technology transfer, classified and export control information, international considerations, interagency sharing, and several existing areas of policy. The Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, or the National Science and Technology Council could issue the policy. 相似文献
9.
[目的/意义]针对大数据背景下数据挖掘所面临的版权政策问题,作为高校科研院所文献信息中心的研究型图书馆应当构建灵活的数据挖掘版权政策。[方法/过程]综合分析研究型图书馆面临的版权政策环境,从国家立法和出版商政策两个角度,分析版权许可和法定例外这两种政策构建方式。[结果/结论]我国研究型图书馆应该积极推动建立数据挖掘版权例外制度,同时完善内容采购的版权许可机制,提高与出版商的谈判能力;从宏观和微观的角度为科研人员开展数据挖掘提供灵活全面的政策支持。 相似文献
10.
[目的/意义]大数据时代背景下,政府数据开放共享成为必然趋势。政策作为政府数据开放共享进程中的"助推剂",发挥着至关重要的作用。对我国城市群政府数据开放政策进行研究,分析城市群政府数据开放政策的特点及不足,为城市群政府数据开放政策提供改进建议,促进政策的协同执行。[方法/过程]从政策工具、政策目标、政策力度3个维度构建分析框架,以23项成渝城市群政府数据开放政策(218条政策细则)为样本,对每个政策进行文本编码,统计描述样本编码结果。[结果/结论]研究结果表明,成渝城市群政府数据开放政策的结构特征表现为命令型、激励型政策工具使用偏多,能力建设型和系统变化型政策工具使用偏少;政策目标着重于数据层面的政务数据开放共享和大数据应用,对于智慧政府建设目标重视程度不够;政策力度总体与政府数据开放趋势变化较为一致,但有待加强。因此,政府数据开放政策需要全面综合运用4种政策工具,同时协调政策目标的结构,加强政策力度,推动政府数据开放的系统发展。 相似文献
11.
Anna-Marie Arnold 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):199-207
Information and information technology developments are influencing the economies of many countries. Information needs to be made available and accessible in countries for industrial, educational and governmental purposes. Information is also an asset of unpredictable value. For these reasons, governments should acknowledge and value the relevance of such information, and therefore address it through national policies. Many countries have developed national information policies which reflect the values that governments attach to the access to and the availability of information in their countries. The most important influences on the development of a national information policy are based on the country's socio-political circumstances. Developing countries are advised to focus attention in their national information policies on aspects concerning socio-economic development, the application of information and access to information. 相似文献
12.
互联网信息可信性是目前学界的研究热点。本文以时间演进为主线,辅以研究主题变化的考察,探讨了20世纪90年代末到目前国外互联网信息可信性研究的发展历程,发现该领域的主要研究特征是:多学科共同研究、研究主题相对稳定、研究对象进一步多元和细分、调研对象以分类趋向为主同时兼顾普适性、研究方法将定量和定性方法相结合。未来互联网信息可信性研究的重点是影响因素研究和用户信息行为环境和情景的考察。 相似文献
13.
This article compares American, British, and Chinese news coverage of Internet privacy policies. Specifically, we examine media discourse about the “real-name” policies established by Facebook and Weibo. We find that U.S. and UK news coverage of Internet privacy policy is broadly similar, when compared with the more authoritarian–corporatist media system in China. British and U.S. newspapers were much more independent from state control, and were able to maintain a more critical stance than the Chinese newspapers. But there were additional factors that shaped the patterns in news discourse in complicated ways, which are related to (a) the difference between domestic and international news genres, (b) specific narratives about national identity, and (c) more general discourses about civil society, democracy, and the public good. We suggest that the range of comparative media research can be extended by paying attention to how these cultural factors interact with media system dynamics. 相似文献
14.
[目的/意义] 日本开放获取运动的发展在亚洲遥遥领先,研究日本强制性开放获取政策对推动我国开放获取政策的制定和实施具有借鉴意义。[方法/过程] 通过查阅国内外开放获取政策相关文献和调研日本15个机构实施的强制性开放获取政策,从开放目的、开放获取对象、版权声明和责任归属4个方面分析政策内容,从政策制定参与主体多元化、大学占主体、专门委员会负责管理运营和政策评估、政策允许撤回学术成果以及政策侧重点不断调整等几个角度归纳政策实施特征。[结果/结论] 从构建自上而下的开放获取政策体系、政策以重点高校为侧重点、逐步推广、成立高校机构知识库管理委员会,以及强化图书馆员和科研人员开放获取意识等几个方面对我国开放获取政策的制定与实施提出建议。 相似文献
15.
[目的/意义] 针对目前我国个人信息保护规范和政策不断出台而大学图书馆相关政策极度缺失的状况,调查并分析英国10所著名大学图书馆网站个人信息保护政策,为我国大学图书馆今后发展个人信息保护政策提供可借鉴的经验。[方法/过程] 对英国10所著名大学的图书馆网站个人信息保护政策内容进行全面扫描,结合隐私保护准则以及隐私关注测量模型进行政策文本的分析,揭示这些政策文本在形式和主题方面的特点。[结果/结论] 英国大学图书馆个人信息保护政策主要包括隐私政策、Cookies政策和数据保护,颁布主体多为学校;内容主题通常包括保证类、个人信息生命周期管理类以及事务类,与OECD隐私保护准则以及隐私关注测量模型有较好吻合。这些对我国大学图书馆未来发展个人信息保护政策有很好的借鉴价值。 相似文献
16.
本研究总结国外互联网信息政策领域的研究进展和经验,为我国互联网信息政策体系发展和构建提供参考。研究以Web of Science数据库为数据源,运用可视化分析软件CiteSpace对2000—2015年间收录的互联网信息政策论文从国家、作者、机构、关键词等多个角度绘制互联网信息政策领域的知识图谱,通过分析可以看出国外互联网信息政策的研究态势和研究成果,相比国外,我国互联网信息政策法律不齐全,信息政策研究有待加深,必须在吸收借鉴国外先进经验的基础上结合我国互联网国情,制定互联网法律政策。 相似文献
17.
This article aims to understand what determines the degree of e-government use for multiple purposes by analyzing the Government Online Survey data that the Pew Internet and American Life Project provide. Three main purposes of e-government use are identified as: service use, information use, and policy research. The degree of e-government use for a specific purpose is predicted by five sets of determinants: psychological factors of technology adoption, civic mindedness, information channels, trust in government, and socio-demographic and personal characteristics. Sociodemographic conditions influence usage level of various transactional services provided by e-government. Perceived ease of use facilitates the acquisition of general information through e-government. Civicness is a critical determinant of e-government use for policy research. Policy researchers who are more engaged with and concerned about society, neighbors, and government are emerging as a new class of e-government users. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2013,9(1):7-39
Abstract Geospatial information access continues to be central to the mission of geography and map libraries. Providing or facilitating access has been, and continues to be, a dynamic process in light of both technological change and policy challenges. While technological changes in providing access have gathered much attention in the literature, substantive discussions regarding policies and practices preventing or assisting information access have been lacking. Even more troubling is the fact that archiving digital geospatial information receives even less attention. This first paper reviews developments and trends with regard to digital geospatial libraries, as this concept has become the primary metaphor by which access is measured. The second paper will focus on international trends related to the effect of policy and practice in terms of promoting the sharing and use of geospatial information needed to bridge gaps in access. These comparative policy and practice perspectives are also needed in order to point to the true promise held by new technologies for sharing, exemplified by digital libraries designed for geospatial information. 相似文献
19.
本文以《关于加强信息资源开发利用工作的若干意见》为样本,研究影响信息资源管理政策执行力的相关因素,以期提高信息资源管理政策执行效率,更好地指导和规范新的政策的出台和实施。基于信息资源管理政策执行力影响因素的特点,运用系统动力学原理,通过建模和仿真对政府信息公开的程度、执行人员的素质与能力、目标群体的结构与信息素质、配套政策的协同性、信息资源管理政策的明晰性和前瞻性这五个因素进行灵敏度分析,对比各系统参数值的改变对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响程度。研究结果表明,政府信息公开的程度对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响最显著,目标群体的结构与信息素质对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响较小且有限,其余三个因素均对信息资源管理政策执行力产生不同程度的影响。结合大数据时代的发展需求,对《关于加强信息资源开发利用工作的若干意见》的修订提出建议:推进政府数据开放,建立健全配套政策协同机制,完善政策规范和体系。提出信息资源管理政策执行力的提升路径:提高政府信息公开和数据开放的程度,加强执行主体协同与信息资源开发利用活动的评估工作,增强政策制定过程的科学性,提升执行人员的素质与能力。 相似文献
20.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(56):185-202
Abstract The archival profession is dynamic, adaptive, and undergoing continual change. This is particularly true in the areas of reference (or researcher) services and outreach. This article advocates reexamination of these functions, relating them more closely to each other. It maintains that archival records are underutilized and that archivists should address this issue by proactively reaching out to researchers and encouraging research use. Special skills are required to assist researchers to ensure that their use of archival records meets their information needs. The increasing creation and use of electronic records occasions even more attention to archivists' relations with researchers. Finally, there are several areas where archivists and researchers can and should work together to address common needs. 相似文献