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优秀运动队和运动员的模式是有效地控制训练过程的一项重要因素。在优秀运动队和运动员的模式结构中,比赛模式占有突出的地位。比赛模式反映了优秀运动队和运动员的比赛活动特点。 制定比赛模式,首先要找出比赛活动的主要组 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像观察法、数理统计法,对优秀乒乓球运动员双打比赛发球段战术进行统计,从中找出优秀乒乓球运动员在双打比赛发球段具体战术的使用率、得分率,为乒乓球运动员的训练和比赛提供理论参考。 相似文献
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优秀运动员备战重大比赛过程中,科研人员对运动员训练过程有效、科学的训练监控,为运动员在赛场争金夺银起到重要作用。笔者从优秀运动员备战重大比赛训练科学监控的含义、内容与意义,我国近几届奥运会备战训练科学监控的变化特点,优秀运动员备战重大比赛训练科学监控的思考3个方面对备战重大比赛训练科学监控进行分析讨论,认为优秀运动员备战重大比赛的训练监控是一项系统工程,它不仅需要教练员、运动员、科研人员在日常训练和生活中培养科学监控的意识,还需要建立多学科相结合的科研服务体系为监控基础,这样才能准确地评价运动员的机能状态,合理制定各训练时期的训练计划,提高训练效果,才能使运动员在比赛中真正达到应有的＂训练水平＂或＂超水平＂发挥。 相似文献
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我国游泳在北京奥运会上的突破,墨尔本世锦赛的辉煌都跟对专项认识的提高有关。研究发现我国优秀游泳运动员年度比赛频率、每次比赛项次以及比赛兼项等一系列问题,相对于国外优秀运动员来说较少,比赛能力 相似文献
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模拟比赛情景训练对优秀散打运动员注意分配能力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择20名优秀散打运动员为被试,以散打比赛情景片段和两种刺激信号为素材,对优秀散打运动员模拟比赛情景训练过程中注意分配值动态变化情况进行分析,探讨比赛情景模拟训练对优秀散打运动员训练的效果.结果表明,比赛情景模拟训练能有效提高优秀散打运动员的注意分配能力;优秀散打运动员注意分配技能提高的进程是符合运动技能形成的基本规律的;在散打专项情境中,教练员施以观众声音因素的干扰并不能影响高水平散打运动员的注意分配能力;运动员运动水平越高,注意分配能力也相应表现出较高水平,说明散打运动项目要求运动员具备较高水平的注意分配能力. 相似文献
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对北京奥运会女子100 m栏前八名运动员的全年参赛情况和比赛成绩的变化进行了分析,揭示了该项目世界优秀运动员奥运年比赛安排的规律,为我国优秀女子短跨运动员训练、比赛计划的制定提供参考. 相似文献
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以各届冬奥会空中技巧比赛获奖牌女运动员作为研究对象,结合空中技巧运动项目的竞技规律和特点探究优秀运动员年龄方面的特征,探求空中技巧优秀女运动员运动生涯的年龄规律。研究表明:20～25岁是优秀运动员首次参加冬奥会的最佳年龄区间,5届冬奥会空中技巧比赛获得过奖牌的女运动员最好名次的年龄主要集中在26～28岁,连续参加3届冬奥会空中技巧比赛女运动员超过半数以上。 相似文献
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采用文献资料、心理测验等方法,探讨我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子状况,探讨不同性别、不同年龄、不同训练年限的我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子差异以及人格特质各因子与我国优秀皮划艇运动员运动表现的关系。研究结果表明,我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子之间存在显著性差异;不同性别、不同年龄、不同训练年限的我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的部分因子存在显著性差异;其部分因子能够预测我国优秀皮划艇运动员运动表现。 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that upper body aerobically trained athletes (kayak canoeists) would have greater left ventricular wall thickness, but similar left ventricular diastolic chamber dimensions, compared with recreationally active and sedentary men. Ultrasound echocardiography was used to determine cardiac structure and function in highly trained kayak canoeists (n = 10), moderately active (n = 10) and sedentary men (n = 10). The septal and posterior left ventricular walls were approximately 0.2 cm thicker in kayak canoeists (P < 0.05), and left ventricular mass was 51% and 32% greater (P < 0.05) in canoeists than in the sedentary and moderately trained participants, respectively. There were no differences in left ventricular chamber dimension, suggesting that the kayak canoeists had a concentric pattern of left ventricular adaptation to aerobic upper body training. Scaling the data to body composition indices had no effect on the outcome of the statistical analysis. There were no differences in resting Doppler left ventricular diastolic or systolic function among the groups. Ejection fraction was lower in the kayak canoeists, but the magnitude of the difference was within the normal variability for this measurement. Thus aerobically upper body trained athletes demonstrated a concentric pattern of cardiac enlargement, but resting left ventricle function was not different between athletes, moderately active and sedentary individuals. 相似文献
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考察我国皮划艇运动员赛前情绪特征的总体状况,探讨不同性别、年龄、训练年限、等级、团队凝聚力、教导方式的我国皮划艇运动员赛前情绪特征的各维度差异以及不同赛前情绪特征对我国皮划艇运动员运动表现的影响。研究结果表明,我国皮划艇运动员赛前情绪特征的总体状况良好;不同赛前情绪特征的我国皮划艇运动员的部分维度存在显著性差异;我国皮划艇运动员赛前情绪特征的部分维度能够预测他们的运动表现。 相似文献
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中国优秀皮划艇运动员身体形态特征的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对我国优秀皮划艇运动员进行了身体形态测试和问卷调查,并与近3届奥运会皮划艇获奖牌选手的基本形态参数进行了比较分析。认为,我国皮划艇运动员的身高与奥运优秀运动员无差距,且女子运动员优于奥运优秀选手;我国皮划艇运动员的体重、体脂、肢体围度与奥运优秀选手有一定的差距,骨骼肌欠发达,力量和专项力量耐力素质需发展和提高。 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that upper body aerobically trained athletes (kayak canoeists) would have greater left ventricular wall thickness, but similar left ventricular diastolic chamber dimensions, compared with recreationally active and sedentary men. Ultrasound echocardiography was used to determine cardiac structure and function in highly trained kayak canoeists (n?=?10), moderately active (n?=?10) and sedentary men (n?=?10). The septal and posterior left ventricular walls were ～0.2?cm thicker in kayak canoeists (P?<?0.05), and left ventricular mass was 51% and 32% greater (P?<?0.05) in canoeists than in the sedentary and moderately trained participants, respectively. There were no differences in left ventricular chamber dimension, suggesting that the kayak canoeists had a concentric pattern of left ventricular adaptation to aerobic upper body training. Scaling the data to body composition indices had no effect on the outcome of the statistical analysis. There were no differences in resting Doppler left ventricular diastolic or systolic function among the groups. Ejection fraction was lower in the kayak canoeists, but the magnitude of the difference was within the normal variability for this measurement. Thus aerobically upper body trained athletes demonstrated a concentric pattern of cardiac enlargement, but resting left ventricle function was not different between athletes, moderately active and sedentary individuals. 相似文献
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KEITH P. GEORGE PHILIP E. GATES KAREN M. BIRCH IAN G. CAMPBELL 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):633-642
In this study,we investigated resting left ventricular dimensions and function in trained female rowers, canoeists and cyclists. In male populations, such athletes have demonstrated the largest left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions. Echocardiograms were analysed from 24 athletes (rowers and canoeists, n=12; cyclists, n=12) and 21 age-matched controls to measure left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume, and septal (ST) and posterior wall (PWT) thicknesses. Left ventricular mass was calculated from M-mode data. Systolic and diastolic function were calculated from M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Height, body mass, body surface area and fat-free mass were determined anthropometrically. The athletes were well matched with the controls for all anthropometric variables except fat-free mass (rowers and canoeists 49.7 3.6 kg, cyclists 48.0?+\- 3.8 kg, controls 45.0?+\- 5.4 kg; P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and volume, and septal and posterior wall thicknesses, were all significantly greater in the athletes than the controls (P < 0.05). These differences persisted (except for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) even after allometric adjustment for group differences in fat-free mass. Stroke volume was larger (rowers and canoeists 102?+\- 13 ml, cyclists 103?+\0 16 ml, controls 80?+\- 15 ml; P < 0.05) in both groups of athletes but all other functional data were similar between groups. As in male athletes, female rowers, canoeists and cyclists displayed significantly larger left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall thicknesses than controls. 相似文献
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In this study, we investigated resting left ventricular dimensions and function in trained female rowers, canoeists and cyclists. In male populations, such athletes have demonstrated the largest left ventricular wall thicknesses and cavity dimensions. Echocardiograms were analysed from 24 athletes (rowers and canoeists, n = 12; cyclists, n = 12) and 21 age-matched controls to measure left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume, and septal (ST) and posterior wall (PWT) thicknesses. Left ventricular mass was calculated from M-mode data. Systolic and diastolic function were calculated from M-mode and Doppler echocardiography, respectively. Height, body mass, body surface area and fat-free mass were determined anthropometrically. The athletes were well matched with the controls for all anthropometric variables except fat-free mass (rowers and canoeists 49.7+/-3.6 kg, cyclists 48.0+/-3.8 kg, controls 45.0+/-5.4 kg; P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mass and volume, and septal and posterior wall thicknesses, were all significantly greater in the athletes than the controls (P < 0.05). These differences persisted (except for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension) even after allometric adjustment for group differences in fat-free mass. Stroke volume was larger (rowers and canoeists 102+/-13 ml, cyclists 103+/-16 ml, controls 80+/-15 ml; P < 0.05) in both groups of athletes but all other functional data were similar between groups. As in male athletes, female rowers, canoeists and cyclists displayed significantly larger left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall thicknesses than controls. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(1):60-63
BackgroundShoulder flexion requires an optimal length of the latissimus dorsi muscle in order to allow full lateral rotation of the humerus and upward scapular rotation. If shoulder flexion (in an externally rotated position) is restricted, this may predispose the individual to shoulder pathology. Sports such as swimming and canoeing have increased shoulder injuries and require high levels of latissimus dorsi muscle activity, which may create muscle hypertrophy and increased stiffness, resulting in a loss of muscle length. The objective of this study was to investigate if differences are present in shoulder flexion in internally and externally rotated positions across different sports (swimming, canoeing, and rugby) and a non-sporting control group.MethodsOne hundred subjects (40 physically active controls, 25 professional Rugby Union players, 20 elite, national-level canoeists (slalom), and 15 elite, national-level swimmers) participated in this study. Shoulder flexion range of motion was measured using a standard goniometer, with the arm elevated in either full external or internal rotation.ResultsA significant difference in shoulder flexion range was observed between canoeists and swimmers, canoeists and controls, rugby players and canoeists, rugby players and swimmers, and controls and swimmers in the external rotation position (p < 0.017), but not between controls and rugby players (p = 0.12). For the internal rotation position, swimmers significantly differed from canoeists, rugby players, and controls (p < 0.017), but there were no significant differences between rugby players, canoeists, and controls (p > 0.07).ConclusionThis study found that the length of the latissimus dorsi differs between sports and controls in accordance with the specific physical demands of their sport. 相似文献
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运用心理测量法和数理统计等方法,对我国高校皮划艇运动员的运动动机水平进行调查研究,研究表明:我国高校优秀皮划艇运动员的运动动机水平相对较高,且在运动动机水平上表现出年龄和性别差异. 相似文献
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分析了世界大赛国外主要对手在WK-500m比赛中的速度结构和反映的战术及折射出的专项体能特点。世界大赛中强队的主要战术为全力划。我队与国外主要对手的差异为起动加速能力和途中耐酸能力的不足，提高这两种能力是备战北京奥运准备期速度训练的重点。 相似文献