首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
ABSTRACT

Background: Exercise helps many aspects of cognition, but at this time no review has summarized the literature on the association of exercise and physical fitness with attention. Method: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases. After inclusion criteria assessment, a final pool of 44 articles was included. A number of behavioral and neurophysiological indices of attention were examined. Results: The majority of studies showed an increase in performance of attention. Acute exercise results in greater enhancement of attention in those who are active. There was an association of aerobic fitness and attention in the young and old, but not in young adults. Aerobic exercise training interventions generally resulted in positive changes, while some resistance training studies detected no evidence of an effect. Not all forms of exercise were effective. Shorter interventions were inferior with respect to longer ones. Most studies were rated with a moderate methodological quality. Conclusion: There is an association of aerobic exercise (acute and chronic) and aerobic fitness with attention. Future research should determine the dose and mechanisms by which different forms of physical activity and exercise may influence the development of different components of attention along the lifespan.  相似文献   

2.
Purpose: The purpose of the present review was to assess the quality of evidence in the literature regarding the specific benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with an emphasis on training intensity and the relationships between changes in inspiratory muscle function and other clinical outcome measures. Methods: Articles were found by searching CINAHL, PubMed, Medline via First Search, and ProQuest databases. Articles used in the review were randomized trials of IMT vs. sham IMT or no intervention, published in English in a peer-reviewed journal, included patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and specified the intensity of training. The quality of the studies was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers using the methodological rigor scale described by Medlicott and Harris as well as Sackett''s levels of evidence. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were used in this review. Results: Consistent improvements in maximal inspiratory pressures (ranging from −11 to −30 cm H2O) and inspiratory muscle endurance were found. Improvements in dyspnea and health-related quality of life were also observed. Inspiratory muscle training may result in improved exercise tolerance as measured using walking tests. High-intensity IMT resulted in improved training efficiency with respect to inspiratory muscle strength, but evidence of the effect of high-intensity IMT on other clinical outcomes is lacking. Conclusion: Despite research spanning decades, there are numerous limitations in the literature regarding IMT. IMT appears to improve dyspnea, waking test distance, and health-related quality of life in individuals with COPD, but it is not clear whether this improvement is mediated through improved inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. This review discussed several considerations critical to the design of future trials.Key Words: inspiratory muscle training, COPD  相似文献   

3.
ABSTRACT

The systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise on RMR (kCal·day-1) and performed a methodological assessment of indirect calorimetry protocols within the included studies. Subgroup analyses included energy/diet restriction and body composition changes. Randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi – RCTs and cohort trials featuring a physical activity intervention of any form and duration excluding single exercise bouts were included. Participant exclusions included medical conditions impacting upon RMR, the elderly (≥65 years of age) or pregnant, lactating or post-menopausal women. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,017,058,503). 1669 articles were identified; 22 were included in the qualitative analysis and 18 were meta-analysed. Exercise interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise combined) did not increase resting metabolic rate (mean difference (MD): 74.6 kCal·day-1[95% CI: ?13.01, 161.33], P = 0.10). While there was no effect of aerobic exercise on RMR (MD: 81.65 kCal·day-1[95% CI: ?57.81, 221.10], P = 0.25), resistance exercise increased RMR compared to controls (MD: 96.17 kCal·day-1[95% CI: 45.17, 147.16], P = 0.0002). This systematic review effectively synthesises the effect of exercise interventions on RMR in comparison to controls; despite heterogenous methodologies and high risk of bias within included studies.  相似文献   

4.
The number of older adults (individuals ≥65 years), particularly women, in our society is increasing and understanding the impact of exercise on muscle capacity (e.g., strength and power) and subsequently physical function is of utmost importance to prevent disability and maintain independence. Muscle capacity declines with age and this change negatively impacts physical function in older women. Exercise, specifically resistance training, is recommended to counteract these declines; however, the synergistic relationships between exercise, muscle capacity, and physical function are poorly understood. This review will summarize the literature regarding age-related changes in the aforementioned variables and review the research on the impact of resistance training interventions on muscle capacity and physical function in older women. Recommendations for future research in this area will be discussed.  相似文献   

5.
BackgroundAlthough previous studies have examined the effects of exercise training on other International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) component levels in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), the effects of exercise training on participation remain unclear. The objectives of this review were to: (1) characterize systematically the use of outcome measures that capture participation in exercise training studies; (2) quantify the effect of exercise training on participation in persons with MS.MethodsA search of 6 electronic databases (CINAHL, SPORTDiscuss, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus) was conducted to identify controlled and noncontrolled trials involving exercise training and participation in persons with MS. Search strings were built from Medical Subject Headings and CINAHL headings. ICF linking rules were used to identify participation chapters and categories captured. Meta-analysis was used to quantify the effect of exercise training on participation in randomized controlled trials comparing exercise effects to no intervention/usual care.ResultsWe included 49 articles involving controlled and noncontrolled exercise trials in the systematic review of outcome measures. We captured 16 different outcome measures that captured all 9 participation chapters and identified 89 unique participation categories. Across these 16 outcome measures, mobility was the most commonly represented participation chapter, with 108 items. A subsample of 23 randomized controlled trials was included in the meta-analysis. An overall effect of 0.60 (standard error = 0.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.36–0.84, z = 4.9, p < 0.001) was calculated, indicating a moderate, positive effect of exercise training on participation.ConclusionThe current review provides information that can be used to guide the selection of outcome measures that capture participation in studies of exercise training in persons with MS. Exercise training has a positive effect on outcomes that capture participation, providing further evidence for the role of exercise training in promoting and maintaining engagement in everyday life.  相似文献   

6.

Purpose

The purpose of this review was to assess the quality of evidence on inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients with heart failure and to provide an overview on subject selection, training protocols, and outcome achieved with IMT.

Methods

Literature search was first performed via the PubMed database, and additional references were identified from the Scopus citation index. Articles of the review type and of clinical trials published in English were included. Quality of the articles was assessed using Sackett''s levels of evidence and rigor of methodology was assessed using PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) criteria for randomized controlled trials and the Downs & Black tool for cohort studies.

Results

Twelve articles of clinical trials were included. Typical training protocols involved daily training with intensity greater than 30% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), duration of 20 to 30 minutes (continuous or incremental) and using a pressure threshold muscle trainer. The effect sizes of PImax, walk test distance, and dyspnea were moderate to large across these studies. Effects on quality of life scores were inconsistent.

Conclusion

Inspiratory muscle training is beneficial for improving respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, and dyspnea in patients with stable heart failure and respiratory muscle weakness.Key Words: inspiratory muscle training, heart failure, maximal inspiratory pressure  相似文献   

7.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats.  相似文献   


8.
BackgroundIn recent years, much evidence has emerged to indicate that exercise can benefit people when performed properly. This review summarizes the exercise interventions used in studies involving mice as they are related to special diseases or physiological status. To further understand the effects of exercise interventions in treating or preventing diseases, it is important to establish a template for exercise interventions that can be used in future exercise-related studies.MethodsPubMed was used as the data resource for articles. To identify studies related to the effectiveness of exercise interventions for treating various diseases and organ functions in mice, we used the following search language: (exercise [Title] OR training [Title] OR physical activity [Title]) AND (mice [title/abstract] OR mouse [title/abstract] OR mus [title/abstract]). To limit the range of search results, we included 2 filters: one that limited publication dates to “in 10 years” and one that sorted the results as “best match”. Then we grouped the commonly used exercise methods according to their similarities and differences. We then evaluated the effectiveness of the exercise interventions for their impact on diseases and organ functions in 8 different systems.ResultsA total of 331 articles were included in the analysis procedure. The articles were then segmented into 8 systems for which the exercise interventions were used in targeting and treating disorders: motor system (60 studies), metabolic system (45 studies), cardio-cerebral vascular system (58 studies), nervous system (74 studies), immune system (32 studies), respiratory system (7 studies), digestive system (1 study), and the system related to the development of cancer (54 studies). The methods of exercise interventions mainly involved the use of treadmills, voluntary wheel-running, forced wheel-running, swimming, and resistance training. It was found that regardless of the specific exercise method used, most of them demonstrated positive effects on various systemic diseases and organ functions. Most diseases were remitted with exercise regardless of the exercise method used, although some diseases showed the best remission effects when a specific method was used.ConclusionOur review strongly suggests that exercise intervention is a cornerstone in disease prevention and treatment in mice. Because exercise interventions in humans typically focus on chronic diseases, national fitness, and body weight loss, and typically have low intervention compliance rates, it is important to use mice models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits from exercise interventions in humans.  相似文献   

9.
为了解不同运动处方对青少年健康体适能的影响,寻求对青少年健康体适能的有效干预手段,采用实验法、文献法和数理统计法随机选取高中男女学生共60名作为实验对象,分组进行运动干预,通过八周的实验,发现有氧运动＋力量训练比单纯的有氧运动能更有效的提高青少年的健康体适能。  相似文献   

10.
  相似文献   

11.
目的:评价有氧运动、抗阻运动、瑜伽、传统健身功法4种不同运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者的影响,从肺功能、6 min步行实验(6 minutes walk test,6MWT)、生存质量3方面,分析比较不同运动方式对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及生存质量的改善效果,有针对性的在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的预防和管理方面提供合理建议和科学依据。方法:建立纳入和排除标准,通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等文献数据库,收集运动对慢性阻塞性肺疾病干预的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),运用Revman5.3软件和Stata16.0软件对所纳入文献的结局指标进行分析。结果:共纳入23篇文献,包括1440例受试者,其中实验组719人,对照组721人。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,运动锻炼能够提高COPD患者第1 s用力呼吸容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)(SMD=0.51,95%CI:0.19,0.83,P=0.002)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)(SMD=0.78,95%CI:0.08,1.47,P=0.03)、第1 s用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值FEV1/FVC(SMD=0.51,95%CI:0.18,1.10,P=0.007)和第1 s用力呼气容积占预计值百分比FEV1/%(SMD=0.35,95%CI:0.10,0.60,P=0.006),延长了6 min步行距离6MWT(SMD=0.49,95%CI:0.33,0.65,P≤0.0001),降低患者呼吸困难指数,提高了生存质量(SMD=-0.59,95%CI:-0.87,-0.31,P≤0.0001)。传统健身功法和有氧运动对COPD患者肺功能、6MWT及生存质量的改善效果更好,抗阻运动和瑜伽虽然在6 min步行距离的加长和生存质量的提高方面效果显著,但在与慢性阻塞性肺疾病最密切相关的肺功能方面的改善效果并不明显。结论:有氧运动、抗阻运动、瑜伽和传统健身功法都对慢性阻塞性肺疾病有一定的预防和改善效果,对肺功能、6MWT及生存质量有明显的改善作用,且传统健身功法和有氧运动的改善效果更全面。  相似文献   

12.
Purpose: This case series describes the effect of home intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy on spirometry and exercise capacity in a group of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: Outcomes from 10 children with CF who were prescribed a 14-day course of home IV antibiotics for a respiratory exacerbation are reported. All children performed spirometry and a modified shuttle test (MST) before and after 14-days of home IV therapy. Results: After 14 days, FEV1 increased by mean (± SE) 12 ± 4 % (p < 0.05) but mean MST did not improve compared to baseline. All children improved or maintained spirometry values with treatment, however, only 5 improved MST distance. Conclusion: After 14 days of home IV antibiotic therapy, a significant improvement in spirometry, but not exercise capacity, was seen in this small series of children with CF. The lack of improvement in exercise capacity for all children following home IV antibiotic therapy suggests factors other than spirometry determine exercise capacity. Identifying and investigating the factors that influence exercise capacity during home IV antibiotic therapy requires further investigation.Key Words: cystic fibrosis, home IV therapy, FEV1, Modified Shuttle Test  相似文献   

13.
不同运动方式对绝经后女性IL-6、TNF-α和hs-CRP的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
目的比较12周有氧运动或抗阻训练对绝经后女性白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)影响的差异,为制定特异性的运动处方提供依据。方法将符合标准的受试者随机分为有氧运动组(18人),抗阻训练组(17人)和对照组(20人)。有氧运动组和抗阻训练组进行每周3次、共12周的运动干预,对照组保持日常生活习惯不变。实验前后分别测定血清IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP等指标。结果 12周运动干预后,有氧运动组血清IL-6较运动前下降了13%(P<0.01),血清TNF-α(P>0.05)和hs-CRP(P>0.05)无显著性变化;抗阻训练组血清IL-6较运动前无显著性变化(P>0.05),但血清TNF-α和hs-CRP分别下降了11%(P<0.05)和26%(P<0.05)。对照组所有指标的变化不明显。相关分析显示,实验前hs-CRP基础值与BMI(r=0.36,P<0.01)、空腹血糖(r=0.23,P<0.05)和IL-6(r=0.22,P<0.01)正相关,与VO2max(r=-0.29,P<0.05)负相关;实验后hs-CRP的变化值与BMI的变化值(r=0.21,P<0.05)正相关。结论 绝经妇女慢性全身性炎症状态与其BMI、血糖水平和体内炎症因子的水平有关;12周有氧运动或抗阻训练均能有效改善绝经后女性慢性全身性炎症状态,但抗阻训练的效果优于有氧运动,其原因与BMI的改善有关。  相似文献   

14.
论运动训练的特异性处方   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
运动训练是一个生理性的刺激,长期训练可产生生理上的适应。特异性原则作为运动训练和评定的基本原则之一,一直受到广泛的关注和研究。综述和评估了有氧耐力训练、集体类的竞技运动项目、力量和爆发力训练等特异性处方。特异性原则实际应用不是绝对的,在分子水平,特异性原则内在分子变化的机制不断被发现和证实,新的理论的发现可能为运动训练的特异性处方制定提供帮助。  相似文献   

15.
BackgroundThere is scant evidence regarding the effects of exercise type and duration on quality of life (QoL) in digestive system cancer (DSC) survivors. We aim to investigate the optimal type and duration of exercise to improve QoL for DSC survivors through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed. Eligibility for study inclusion was limited to studies that were randomized controlled trials involving all kinds of exercise in adult patients with DSCs, and the comparator was in standard care or other types of exercise. The primary outcome was QoL, including general health, physical health, mental health, and role function. Secondary outcomes included cancer-related symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and duration of hospital stay. The network meta-analyses were performed using a random-effect model.ResultsThe analysis included 32 eligible articles and a total of 2558 participants. Our primary outcome indicated that short-term aerobic exercise significantly enhanced general health (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.66, 95% credible intervals (CrIs): 0.05 to 1.30), and also contributed to a better mental health (SMD = 0.38, 95%CrI: –0.05 to 0.81) and role function (SMD = 0.48, 95%CrI: –0.27 to 1.20). Although without significant changes, short-term resistance exercise tended to increase the physical health of patients with DSCs (SMD = 0.69, 95%CrI: –0.07 to 1.50) and effective in alleviating fatigue (SMD = –0.77, 95%CrI: –1.50 to 0.01). Short-term aerobic exercise was related to a lower score of insomnia (SMD = –1.20, 95%CrI: –2.40 to 0.06), depression (SMD = –0.51, 95%CrI: –1.50 to 0.45), and anxiety (SMD = –0.45, 95%CrI: –1.30 to 0.34). All types of exercise related to a trend of declined hospital stays (–0.87 to –5.00 day). Long-term resistance exercise, however, was negatively associated with general health (SMD = –0.33, 95%CrI: –1.70 to 1.00), physical health (SMD = –0.18, 95%CrI: –1.30 to 0.90), and role function (SMD = –1.20, 95%CrI: –2.50 to 0.11).ConclusionThis study suggests that short-term aerobic exercise, with or without resistance exercise programs, enhances QoL (especially for general health) as well as relieves cancer-related symptoms for DSC survivors, while long-term resistance exercise may have negative effects, and thus should be adopted cautiously. These results provide important evidence for the management of DSCs.  相似文献   

16.
从有氧运动对人体的影响谈有氧健身运动处方的设计   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
通过对有氧运动的特点和有氧运动对人体物质能量代谢、心血管系统、肌肉耐力及体力三方面影响的分析，从运动生理学的角度阐述了有氧运动的原理，并进一步从运动形态、运动强度、运动持续时间、运动频度4个方面指出了设计有氧健身运动处方应符合的条件。  相似文献   

17.
探索当前国际儿童肥胖症运动疗法研究的特征、趋势及热点内容，为不断推动我国儿童肥胖症运动疗法研究发展提供理论支撑。方法：计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed和EMbase数据库，收集以儿童肥胖与运动疗法为研究主题的科研文献，共1 469篇，借助SATI、SPSS、UCINET等软件对文献进行主题聚类与内容分析。结果：(1)有关儿童肥胖症运动疗法研究的发文量呈逐年递增趋势，发文量最多的国家为美国、英国、加拿大等西方经济发达国家；(2)研究力量主要分布于欧美地区的综合型高等院校之中，高产作者之间形成了6大凝聚力较强的核心科学研究合作集群，但其跨地域和跨机构间的合作交流并不密切；(3)学科领域以体育科学为主导，医学、营养学、内分泌与新陈代谢学、公共环境与职业健康、内科学、护理学、生理学、心理学、教育学、康复学、家庭科学、社会科学、生物医学和环境科学等多学科多领域互相交叉的综合性学科群；(4)研究热点主要围绕有氧运动、抗阻训练、运动与饮食、营养策略以及相关的流行疾病学等5个方面展开。结论：运动疗法在儿童肥胖预防与治疗过程中的应用是当前学者们关注的热点问题。研究热点揭示了当前国际儿童肥胖运动疗法主要内容，即有氧训练、抗阻训练以及有氧与抗阻训练联合的干预策略。其中，抗阻训练在预防和辅助治疗儿童肥胖方面具有较大的潜力和优势。  相似文献   

18.

Introduction

Although the life expectancy for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has increased dramatically in the preceding decades, often the final therapeutic option for patients with end-stage CF is lung transplantation. Prior to transplantation, patients with severe disease may require mechanical ventilation. Those refractory to mechanical ventilation may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The purpose of this case report is to describe the physical therapy management of a patient who received ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation.

Case Presentation

A 16-year-old girl with severe acute respiratory failure due to a CF exacerbation eventually required ECMO to maintain adequate gas exchange. While on ECMO, she received physical therapy interventions ranging from therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, and integumentary protection techniques in addition to airway clearance techniques. Prior to her transplant, she was standing multiple times per day with moderate assistance, was sitting on the edge-of-bed, as well as taking steps to transfer to/from a chair. She successfully received a bilateral lung transplant after 8 days on ECMO.

Conclusion

Physical therapy interventions, including out-of-bed mobility, can be safely provided to patients on portable ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation. These interventions were focused on preventing the negative sequelae of bed rest, increasing her strength and endurance, as well as improving her level of consciousness and psychological well being in preparation for lung transplantation.Key Words: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, lung transplantation, physical therapy, exercise  相似文献   

19.
运动与2型糖尿病治疗的研究述评   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
刘晓  常波 《体育学刊》2006,13(1):61-64
运动被认为是2型糖尿病（非胰岛素依赖型）病人治疗康复的基石，传统认为有氧耐力运动是最适宜的运动模式，目前许多研究发现抵抗性训练对治疗2型糖尿病也有效。因此，提出针对2型糖尿病人个体的最理想的运动方案应当是包括改善心肺功能、肌肉力量和耐力等的有氧耐力训练和抵抗性训练的综合方案，包括各种运动模式的运动方案都能积极地影响病人对运动方案的适应性。2型糖尿病人从事个性化的训练，发生并发症的危险性显著降低。  相似文献   

20.
Motivation questionnaires that are currently validated do not account for muscular development motives in exercise populations, and have rarely been used to examine resistance training populations. Resistance training is a popular and widely available exercise, so the lack of such motivational information is a cause for concern. The aim of this study was to assess the need for considering motives for muscular development. This was achieved by the development of a simple scale that matched the format and style of the Exercise Motivations Inventory. The muscular development scale was combined with the ‘weight management’ and ‘appearance’ items of the Exercise Motivations Inventory to form a 13-item test questionnaire. This was administered to four groups of experienced exercisers: resistance training males (n = 40), resistance training females (n = 36), males training in a variety of sports (n = 27) and aerobic training females (n = 40). Factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed a relatively distinct muscular development factor, but with cross-loading on weight management. Muscular development was shown to be the most effective discriminator for the four groups. A multivariate analysis of variance and additional discriminant analysis revealed a series of significant differences between groups, which suggests that motive-based differences are more powerful than sex factors in determining choice of exercise modality. Although the interrelated nature of muscular development and weight management needs to be recognized and accounted for, there is a clear need for considering muscular development motives in future investigations, especially those that intend to examine motives for ‘ideal’ physical appearance.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号