共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
通过现场采样及实验室分析测试,对潮州市工业区及郊区农田表土中重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ni)的含量及分布进行了研究.结果表明,潮州市工业区土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ni的含量均高于郊区农田土壤.以土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)作为评价标准,计算出各工业区土壤的单因子污染指数和综合污染... 相似文献
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对漯河市蔬菜种植区土壤进行了重金属Cd、Pb、Hg、As、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni含量的调查分析,并采用单项质量指数和环境要素综合质量指数相结合的方法对重金属环境质量状况进行了分析与评价。结果表明,漯河市3个主要露地蔬菜生产基地临颍、郾城和舞阳土壤重金属Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的平均含量均低于"食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准"规定的限值。结合重金属的单项质量指数对三地菜地土壤的环境质量进行评价,舞阳有2个样品中的Cu和2个样品中的Ni质量指数大于0.7,环境质量等级为2级,属于尚清洁,处于警戒限;结合重金属的综合质量指数对三地菜地土壤的环境质量评定结果均为1级,土壤环境质量总体上属于清洁,适宜发展无公害蔬菜。 相似文献
3.
Daqing Wetland was contaminated by heavy metals for holding lots of industrial and domestic waste water. Due to their high stability and non-degradation, heavy metals are possible to gather in human body through the food chain and then threaten health. Water samples were collected from Longfeng Wetland and lake marshes in the vicinity of Daqing City. The contents of heavy metals （Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni） were determined, and the contamination degrees were evaluated simultaneously. The results indicate that heavy metals of Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pd have contaminated the Longfeng Wetland severely. In addition the concentrations of Cr and Cd in some lakes around oil wells are excessively high, and have overrun the grade V based on the threshold values of surface water given by the National Environmental Protection Agency of China. Some measures have to be taken to tackle heavy metal contamination of Longfeng Wetland and lake marshes in Daqing City. 相似文献
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对莆田市郊区蔬菜地土壤中pH值和有机质、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn的含量进行了测定,结果表明,莆田市郊区蔬菜地土壤重金属含量在地区内及地区间的差异较大,Ni、Cu平均含量以新度镇较高,Pb、Cd平均含量以镇海、拱辰办较高,Cr、Zn平均含量以黄石镇较高,各地区重金属元素受地区影响显著性排序为Zn>Cr>Cd>Pb>Cu>Ni。相关性分析表明,莆田市郊区蔬菜地土壤中部分重金属元素以及有机质间存在一定的相关性。所有样本中6种重金属均没有超过GB15618-1995二级标准值,但与福建省水稻土背景值比较,均有不同程度超背景值现象,其中Cr、Cu、Ni超背景值率较高,富集较明显。 相似文献
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南京市城郊零散菜地土壤及青菜中重金属含量特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
丁爱芳 《南京晓庄学院学报》2003,19(4):28-31
采集了南京市城郊零散菜地土壤和青菜配对样品各18个,用原子吸收光谱仪测定了其中铜、锌、铅、镉的含量,结果表明:南京市城郊菜地土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd全量高于农区菜地土壤,Cu、Zn达到显著差异,重金属含量在土样之间有较大的变异性,反映了人为活动已对南京城郊土壤重金属产生了明显影响。城郊土壤上种植的青菜其可食部分重金属含量高于农区,尤其是对人体健康影响较大的Pb、Cd含量与农区相比存在显著差异,大大超过国家食品卫生标准。 相似文献
6.
在赣南18个脐橙产区县(市),根据不同土壤类型,选择具有代表性的果园约90个作为取样果园,采用BCR法对土壤样品的土壤重金属的形态进行分析,研究果园土壤中不同重金属元素的形态分布特征.结果表明:赣南脐橙果园土壤中生物有效性重金属形态含量所占比例从高到低依次为:Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr,同时,重金属元素Ni、Cu、Cr、Zn和Pb在不同类型土壤中的含量和形态分布规律基本一致,且均以残渣态为主,五种重金属元素的潜在环境风险都较小. 相似文献
7.
苏州河底泥重金属形态分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Nine elements （As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn） in sediment samples at 7 sites （Site 1-7） from Suzhou Creek in Shanghai were analyzed with the Community Bareau of Reference （BCR） （sequential extraction （SE）） protocol and simultaneously extracted metals （SEM）/acid volatile sulfide （AVS） procedure to assess the metal bioavailability and toxicology in this area. The results showed that the BCR extraction can be utilized as an additional tool with the AVS method for assessing the potential bioavailability and toxicity of metals in sediments. Pollution from S5 （Site 5） was more severe than from other sites, especially Pb, Cu and Zn. Among all the sites, more than 80% of the total concentration of Fe existed in the residual fraction, As, Cr, Mn also dominated in the residual fraction （more than 50%）. While Cd, Ni and Zn （more than 35%） were mainly in the non-stable phase. Cu had a strong affinity with oxidizable phase and Pb varied from site to site. The SEM/AVS ratio was less than one in these sediments and results implied that the majority of Zn and Ni （〉 40%） were bound to AVS. In contrast, Pb, Cu and Cd were little bound to AVS due to their low ration of SEM-Pb, Cu, Cd to corresponding total concentration and relatively high Dorewater concentration. 相似文献
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王荔娟 《闽西职业技术学院学报》2014,(4):113-116
测定了汀江某河段9个采样点表层沉积物重金属元素（As、Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn）的含量,并采用富集系数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对表层沉积物中重金属污染情况进行评价。研究结果表明,该河段表层沉积物受重金属污染已相当严重,其中以Cd污染最为严重,Cu、As次之,Cr、Pb、Zn污染较轻。总体上属于生态危害性很强的重污染水平。 相似文献
10.
广州城区居民食用蔬菜重金属含量现状分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
秦文淑 《广东轻工职业技术学院学报》2010,9(4):17-21
通过对广州城区各居民菜场主要蔬菜进行采样,分析其中的Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn重金属含量水平,结果显示,Pb、Cr、Cd为广州市蔬菜的主要污染元素,其超标率分别达到22.2%、38.9%和13.9%。根茎类蔬菜的污染程度大于叶菜类和瓜果类。利用单因子污染指数法进行了评价,发现广州市蔬菜的污染比例在50%以上,其中28.9%为轻度污染。Cr与Zn、Cu之间存在极显著相关性,Cu、Zn之间存在显著相关性。 相似文献
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ZHANG Ming-kui ZHENG Shun-an 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(11):1808-1815
Soils can often be contaminated simultaneously by more than one heavy metal. The sorption-desorption behavior of a metal in a soil will be affected by the presence of other metals. Therefore, selective retention and competitive adsorption of the soils to heavy metals can affect their availability and movement through the soils. In this study, the simultaneous competitive adsorption of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb) on ten agricultural soils collected from the Changjiang and Zhujiang deltas, China was assessed. The results showed that the competition affected the behavior of heavy metal cations in such a way that the soils adsorbed less Cd and Hg, and more Pb and Cu with increasing total metal concentrations, regardless of the molar concen- tration applied. As the applied concentrations increased, Pb and Cu adsorption increased, while Cd and Hg adsorption decreased. The adsorption sequence most found was Pb>Cu>Hg>Cd. The maximum adsorption capacity for the heavy metal cations was calculated, and affected markedly by soil properties. The results suggest that Hg and Cd have higher mobility associated to the lower adsorption and that Pb and Cu present the opposite behavior. Significant correlations were found between the maximum adsorption capacity of the metals and pH value and exchangeable acid, suggesting that soil pH and exchangeable acid were key factors controlling the solubility and mobility of the metals in the agricultural soils. 相似文献
13.
北京市售叶菜类蔬菜重金属含量特征及其健康风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究北京市售叶菜类蔬菜样品中重金属含量特征,本文采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）对市售的27种叶菜类蔬菜样品进行四种重金属Cr、Cd、As、Pb的含量检测,采用单因子评价指数对蔬菜内的重金属含量特征进行单项评价,同时采用综合污染指数评价蔬菜中重金属综合污染程度.为评价蔬菜中重金属对人体的健康风险,采用美国USEPA （2000）提出的健康风险模型,通过计算危害系数（THQ）的方法预测蔬菜中重金属产生的健康风险.分析结果表明（1） 27份叶菜类蔬菜样品中Cr的检出率为100％,其余重金属的检出率较低;（2）单因子污染指数和综合污染指数分析结果表明,重金属Cr元素超标最为严重,超标率为100％;（3） THQ的计算结果表明Cr元素成人和儿童的THQ值在27种叶菜类蔬菜样品中均大于1,且其均值最高的是标准值17倍,说明Cr在成人和儿童中存在一定的健康风险. 相似文献
14.
Immobilization of heavy metals in sludge using phosphoric acid and monobasic calcium phosphate 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential of pre-treatment with phosphoric acid(PA) and monobasic calcium phosphate(MCP) for the stabilization of heavy metals in sludge and its bottom ash.The tannery sludge samples were collected in Wenzhou,China and heavily contaminated with heavy metals,such as Pb,Cr and so on.The samples were pre-treated with PA or MCP.Then XRD and TCLP tests were adopted as the evaluating methods to characterize the Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn and Cd immobilization in the pre-treated sludge and its bottom ash.The results showed that this treatment effectively immobilized Pb and Cd in the sludge,lightly stabilized the metal Cu,and adversely,enhanced the leachability of Zn.After incineration at 900℃,Pb and Cr in the bottom ash of pre-treated sludge were significantly stabilized due to the formation of their highly thermostable phosphates and pyromorphite-like minerals during the incineration process.However,an increase of Cu and Zn solubility was observed which might be attributable to the acidification of sludge due to the addition of PA or MCP. 相似文献
15.
试验采用电感耦合等离子体原子放射光谱法(ICP-AES)分别测定了广东梅州地区匙吻鲟、鳙鱼和鲢鱼体内7种重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Fe、Zn和Mn)含量,并进行分析与评价.结果表明:该3种鱼体内必需金属元素Fe、Zn和Cu在不同组织中的含量均高于非必需元素Cd和Pb.同时,该3种鱼体不同组织对重金属的富集不一致,其中Cd、Cu、Fe在肝胰脏中富集水平分别高于其它组织.根据"单因子污染指数"分析表明,该3种鱼体不同组织受到Pb、Cd、Cr和Cu不同程度的污染,其污染水平由高至低为Pb>Cr>Cd>Cu.其中Pb污染最严重,该3种鱼的大多数组织为重污染水平;其次为Cr,鱼的大多数组织为微污染-轻污染水平;而Cd和Cu只在少数组织中已超出我国食品安全标准.根据"综合污染指数"分析显示,该3种鱼18个被测组织中约40%属于轻度污染水平,其它为无污染水平.其中,匙吻鲟各组织的"综合污染指数"最高,除了背肌之外其它组织均为轻度污染水平;鲢鱼约50%组织为轻度污染水平;鳙鱼为无污染水平.综上所述,匙吻鲟、鳙鱼和鲢鱼不同组织分别受到Pb、Cd、Cr和Cu的污染,其中匙吻鲟"综合污染指数"最高,表明梅州水域生态环境或渔业安全生产已存在重金属污染的安全隐患. 相似文献
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对上海市高架道路17场降雨径流进行收集监测,分析了降雨径流中10种重金属和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度.结果表明:上海市高架道路径流中10种重金属As,Se,Zn,Pb,Ni,Fe,Mn,Cr,Cu和Al的浓度范围分别为0.50~51.80,0~20.80,13.67~445.80,0~44.20,0~15.80,39.58~264.20,0~253.00,0~8.20,0~124.20,159.83~536.40μg/L.其中,Se,Pb,Mn和Al浓度值超过了其对应的基准连续浓度,而Zn和Cu则超过了其所对应的基准最大浓度.径流中多环芳烃浓度值范围为37.25~114.57ng/L,均低于对应的基准连续浓度.Zn,Cu和PAHs表现出明显的初期冲刷效应.运用改进的内梅罗指数法对径流水质进行评价,发现8场降雨径流样品水质生物毒性极强,4场生物毒性较强,3场生物毒性一般,仅有2场生物毒性较弱.因此,城市高架道路径流对水生态系统具有较高的生态风险,需对其进行净化处理. 相似文献
17.
对香蕉园土壤与灌溉水添加Cd、Hg、As、Pb、cr、cu重金属元素,研究该重金元素对香蕉生长影响,以及香蕉叶片对该重金元素的富集能力。结果表明：当重金属的浓度累集到一定值时,会对香蕉的生长发育产生抑制作用,浓度太高会造成香蕉的生长停滞甚至死亡。随着土壤中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、cr、Cu重金属含量的增加,香蕉叶片中富集的重金属含量和富集系数表现为正相关的递增,香蕉叶片富集系数为Cr〉Cd〉Hg〉As〉Cu〉Pb,重金属的添加量与香蕉叶片体内含量的相关系数（r）分别为0．9630～0．9994、0．9128～0．9983。 相似文献
18.
通过对近年来有关淮河流域重金属污染文献分析研究,系统地总结了该流域沉积物中重金属类环境激素Cd、Pb含量在空间分布特点,干流流经城市河段、各支及洪泽湖区沉积物中Cd和Pb的含量明显高于干流其他区域。利用潜在生态风险指数法对淮河流域沉积物中重金属类环境激素Cd和Pb进行分析和评价,得出淮河流域支流和洪泽湖区沉积物中的重金属类环境激素Cd和Pb污染程度和生态危害程度显著高于淮河干流沉积物中的Cd和Pb。 相似文献
19.
以宿州煤矿区为例,通过现场采样和室内试验测定,探讨了土壤-豆类作物系统中重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd和Mn的含量特征及富集状况,并利用潜在生态风险指数和健康风险模型对土壤及农作物的安全风险水平进行了评估,结果表明:矿区农田土壤中Cd严重超标,导致土壤潜在生态风险达到强等级程度;豆类作物对土壤中各重金属元素的富集系数依次为ZnCuCdMnPbCr,大豆与绿豆相比,更易于吸收Cu、Pb、Cd和Mn,而对Zn和Cr的富集能力稍弱;两种日均摄食量情境下,豆类作物的重金属致癌危害风险以Cr最高,风险值超出ICRP和USEPA的最大可接受风险水平,而非致癌危害风险以Cu最高,风险值高于HCEPD的可忽略风险水平。 相似文献
20.
Characterization of suspended solids and particle-bound heavy metals in a first flush of highway runoff 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To investigate the dynamic characteristics of total suspended solids （TSS） and their particle-bound heavy metals in a first flush, the runoff sampling together with its flow rate measuring was conducted for three rainfall events at outfalls of highway in Shanghai from June to September 2007. Field samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of TSS and particle-bound heavy metals, such as Zn, Pb, and Cu. Results show that the wash offbehavior of TSS under varying runoffrate condition can be explained by different antecedent dry weather period （ADWP）. Contribution of fine fraction （〈45 μm） to TSS was generally higher than that of coarse fraction （〉45 μm）. When the runoff flow increased obviously, a significant contribution of the coarse fraction was observed for a certain rainfall events with long antecedent dry weather condition. The changes of total metals concentration and particle-bound metal concentrations were strongly dependent on the TSS variation. TSS was generally well correlated with most particulate-bound heavy metals. Of the heavy metals, the concentration of Zn was found considerably high and that of Pb was significantly low at North Zhongshan 2 Road, in Shanghai, China, but they are still within the range reported in the literature. Fluctuation of heavy metal contents in the coarse fraction during a first flush period was more significant compared with that in the fine fraction. The results will assist in the development of effective control strategies to minimize heavy metals and solids in highway runoff. 相似文献