共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The paper investigates the ethics of information transparency (henceforth transparency). It argues that transparency is not
an ethical principle in itself but a pro-ethical condition for enabling or impairing other ethical practices or principles.
A new definition of transparency is offered in order to take into account the dynamics of information production and the differences
between data and information. It is then argued that the proposed definition provides a better understanding of what sort
of information should be disclosed and what sort of information should be used in order to implement and make effective the
ethical practices and principles to which an organisation is committed. The concepts of “heterogeneous organisation” and “autonomous
computational artefact” are further defined in order to clarify the ethical implications of the technology used in implementing
information transparency. It is argued that explicit ethical designs, which describe how ethical principles are embedded into
the practice of software design, would represent valuable information that could be disclosed by organisations in order to
support their ethical standing. 相似文献
2.
1986年美国管理信息科学专家梅森经过长期研究提出信息时代的4个主要伦理议题信息隐私权、信息准确性、信息产权、信息资源存取权。本文对网络时代下梅森PAPA信息伦理理论中出现的新问题信息隐私权和信息共享之间的冲突,信息的准确性与信息道德风险问题,信息产权与市场交易,信息资源存取权与信息公平进行了新的探讨。 相似文献
3.
Dara J. Glasser Kenneth W. Goodman Norman G. Einspruch 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(2):101-109
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems identify and track objects, animals and, in principle, people. The ability to
gather information obtained by tracking consumer goods, government documents, monetary transactions and human beings raises
a number of interesting and important privacy issues. Moreover, RFID systems pose an ensemble of other ethical challenges
related to appropriate uses and users of such systems. This paper reviews a number of RFID applications with the intention
of identifying the technology’s benefits and possible misuses. We offer an overview and discussion of the most important ethical
issues concerning RFID, and describes and examine some methods of protecting privacy.
Norman G. Einspruch serves as a consultant to several high-technology companies, one of which is in the RFID components and
systems business. 相似文献
4.
Artificial Life (ALife) has two goals. One attempts to describe fundamental qualities of living systems through agent based
computer models. And the second studies whether or not we can artificially create living things in computational mediums that
can be realized either, virtually in software, or through biotechnology. The study of ALife has recently branched into two
further subdivisions, one is “dry” ALife, which is the study of living systems “in silico” through the use of computer simulations,
and the other is “wet” ALife that uses biological material to realize what has only been simulated on computers, effectively
wet ALife uses biological material as a kind of computer. This is challenging to the field of computer ethics as it points
towards a future in which computer and bioethics might have shared concerns. The emerging studies into wet ALife are likely
to provide strong empirical evidence for ALife’s most challenging hypothesis: that life is a certain set of computable functions
that can be duplicated in any medium. I believe this will propel ALife into the midst of the mother of all cultural battles
that has been gathering around the emergence of biotechnology. Philosophers need to pay close attention to this debate and
can serve a vital role in clarifying and resolving the dispute. But even if ALife is merely a computer modeling technique
that sheds light on living systems, it still has a number of significant ethical implications such as its use in the modeling
of moral and ethical systems, as well as in the creation of artificial moral agents. 相似文献
5.
Clare Thornley Stuart Ferguson John Weckert Forbes GibbAuthor vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(6):546-555
This paper provides an analysis of the current and potential ethical implications of RFID technology for the library and information professions. These issues are analysed as a series of ethical dilemmas, or hard-to-resolve competing ethical obligations, which the librarian has in relationship to information objects, library users and the wider social and political environment or state. A process model of the library is used as a framework for the discussion to illustrate the relationship between the different participants in the library system and it is argued that ethical analysis should involve the identification of future developments as well as current issues. The analysis shows that RFIDs do currently pose some dilemmas for librarians in terms of the conflicts between efficient service, privacy of users and an obligation to protect the safety of society as a whole, and that these are likely to become more problematic as the technology develops. This paper is part 2 of a series of papers on RFIDs and the library and information professions. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(4):543-556
This paper reports on a research project that investigated how library and information (LIS) professionals experience ethical dilemmas, with particular reference to the impact of new technologies, sources used to assist ethical decision-making, and the contribution case studies can make to ethical understanding and decision-making. Data was collected through interviews in Britain, Ireland and Australia with LIS professionals, educators, and representatives of professional bodies. The findings identify the main types of dilemma raised and discuss cases indicative of each type. They suggest that new technologies do not appear to change ethical principles but, when experienced in the workplace, substantially change the factors the professional has to evaluate. They also suggest that relevant codes of ethics are satisfactory on traditional library issues of access and confidentiality, but do not address the ethical challenges of current and potential digital environments. Professional associations appear more familiar with codes of ethics than practitioners although practitioners show high levels of ethical awareness, suggesting associations need to communicate more with their members and provide tools that are more useful in the workplace. Case studies are seen as a good way to educate and engage practitioners because of the complexity, conflicts and dynamism they can present. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTHigher education institutions have started using big data analytics tools. By gathering information about students as they navigate information systems, learning analytics employs techniques to understand student behaviors and to improve instructional, curricular, and support resources and learning environments. However, learning analytics presents important moral and policy issues surrounding student privacy. We argue that there are five crucial questions about student privacy that we must address in order to ensure that whatever the laudable goals and gains of learning analytics, they are commensurate with respecting students' privacy and associated rights, including (but not limited to) autonomy interests. We address information access concerns, the intrusive nature of information-gathering practices, whether or not learning analytics is justified given the potential distribution of consequences and benefits, and issues related to student autonomy. Finally, we question whether learning analytics advances the aims of higher education or runs counter to those goals. 相似文献
8.
Kenneth Einar Himma 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(4):259-272
The amount of content, both on and offline, to which people in reasonably affluent nations have access has increased to the
point that it has raised concerns that we are now suffering from a harmful condition of ‹information overload.’ Although the
phrase is being used more frequently, the concept is not yet well understood – beyond expressing the rather basic idea of
having access to more information than is good for us. This essay attempts to provide a philosophical explication of the concept
of information overload and is therefore what philosophers call ‹conceptual analysis’ – a task that, along with normative
ethical analysis, is distinctive to Anglo-American style analytic philosophy. I will begin with an analysis of the atomic
concepts expressed by the terms ‹information’ and ‹overload’ and then attempt to give a philosophical explanation of the concept
of information overload that more precisely identifies exactly what the condition amounts to. 相似文献
9.
试析网络环境下的信息伦理 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
信息技术的进步在带给人类效率和文明的同时，也带来了各种意想不到的伦理问题，本文探讨了网络环境下信息伦理的新特征，分析了当前各种信息伦理的失范现象，并就如何构建网络行为下的信息伦理提出了自己的构想。 相似文献
10.
论信息伦理的决策模式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
信息伦理决策问题是信息伦理研究的一个基础性问题。本文探讨信息行为的伦理向度 ,分析影响信息伦理决策的主要因素 ,并在一般意义上提出信息伦理的决策模式 相似文献
11.
In this article we establish three claims: (1) When the target software is proprietary, in the absence of other overriding ethical considerations, the identification of a vulnerability and the development, sale, and purchase of non-zero-day exploits are ethically justified; (2) when the target software is Free/Libre/Open Source, the buying and selling of vulnerabilities can be ethically justified only in a very narrow situation, while the sale and purchase of non-zero-day exploits is ethically justified absent of any other overriding information; and (3) democratic governments should promote legislation that either incentivizes corporate in-house vulnerability identification and mitigation programs or requires firms to more fully absorb the societal costs of insecure software. 相似文献
12.
现代信息技术的发展给人类带来巨大利益的同时,也影响着传统社会伦理问题.信息伦理就是在这样的背景下产生的.本文主要分析当前网络环境下常见的信息伦理问题,提出解决这些问题相应的对策,并展望信息伦理发展的诱人前景. 相似文献
13.
Invoking politics and ethics in the design of information technology: undesigning the design 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
It is a truism that the design and deployment of information and communication technologies is vital to everyday life, the conduct of work and to social order. But how are individual, organisational and societal choices made? What might it mean to invoke a politics and an ethics of information technology design and use? This editorial paper situates these questions within the trajectory of preoccupations and approaches to the design and deployment of information technology since computerisation began in the 1940s. Focusing upon the dominant concerns over the last three decades, the paper delineates an interest in design and use in relation to socio-technical theories, situated practices and actor-network theory. It is argued that each of these approaches is concerned with a particular form of politics that does not explicitly engage with ethics. In order to introduce ethics into contemporary debates about information technology, and to frame the papers in the special issue, it is argued that Levinas’ ethics is particularly valuable in problematising the relationship between politics and ethics. Levinas provides a critique of modernity’s emphasis on politics and the egocentric self. It is from a Levinasian concern with the Other and the primacy of the ethical that a general rethinking of the relationship between politics, ethics and justice in relation to information and communication technologies can be invoked. 相似文献
14.
Ethical gaps in studies of the digital divide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There are many reports about the digital divideand many discrepant interpretations of what thereports indicate. This pattern of competinganalyses, often in relation to identical datasets, has endured for a good part of the lastdecade. It is argued here that a major problemwith much of the digital divide research is afailure to include ethical concerns as anexplicit part of analyzing and interpretingdigital divide gaps. If researchers includemore recognition of ethics with their findingsabout divide gaps, it is likely that they willproduce better research and findings as well asmore defensible linkages between study reportsand policy deliberations. 相似文献
15.
Saeedeh Momtazi 《Information processing & management》2018,54(3):380-393
Question answering systems assist users in satisfying their information needs more precisely by providing focused responses to their questions. Among the various systems developed for such a purpose, community-based question answering has recently received researchers’ attention due to the large amount of user-generated questions and answers in social question-and-answer platforms. Reusing such data sources requires an accurate information retrieval component enhanced by a question classifier. The question classification gives the system the possibility to have information about question categories to focus on questions and answers from relevant categories to the input question. In this paper, we propose a new method based on unsupervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation for classifying questions in community-based question answering. Our method first uses unsupervised topic modeling to extract topics from a large amount of unlabeled data. The learned topics are then used in the training phase to find their association with the available category labels in the training data. The category mixture of topics is finally used to predict the label of unseen data. 相似文献
16.
Jean-Gabriel Ganascia 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(1):39-47
There has been considerable discussion in the past about the assumptions and basis of different ethical rules. For instance,
it is commonplace to say that ethical rules are defaults rules, which means that they tolerate exceptions. Some authors argue
that morality can only be grounded in particular cases while others defend the existence of general principles related to
ethical rules. Our purpose here is not to justify either position, but to try to model general ethical rules with artificial
intelligence formalisms and to compute logical consequences of different ethical theories. More precisely, this is an attempt
to show that progress in non-monotonic logics, which simulates default reasoning, could provide a way to formalize different
ethical conceptions. From a technical point of view, the model developed in this paper makes use of the Answer Set Programming
(ASP) formalism. It is applied comparatively to different ethical systems with respect to their attitude towards lying. The
advantages of such formalization are two-fold: firstly, to clarify ideas and assumptions, and, secondly, to use solvers to
derive consequences of different ethical conceptions automatically, which can help in a rigorous comparison of ethical theories. 相似文献
17.
Terrell Ward Bynum 《Ethics and Information Technology》2006,8(4):157-173
This essay describes a new ethical theory that has begun to coalesce from the works of several scholars in the international computer ethics community. I call the new theory ‚Flourishing Ethics’ because of its Aristotelian roots, though it also includes ideas suggestive of Taoism and Buddhism. In spite of its roots in ancient ethical theories, Flourishing Ethics is informed and grounded by recent scientific insights into the nature of living things, human nature and the fundamental nature of the universe – ideas from today’s information theory, astrophysics and genetics. Flourishing Ethics can be divided conveniently into two parts. The first part, which I call ‚Human-Centered FE,’ is focused exclusively upon human beings – their actions, values and characters. The second part, which I call ‚General FE,’ applies to every physical entity in the universe, including humans. Rather than replacing traditional ‚great ethical theories,’ Flourishing Ethics is likely to deepen and broaden our understanding of them. 相似文献
18.
基因改良生物(GMOs)究竟是利益大于风险还是相反,见仁见智。笔者认为目前的风险-利益分析过于理想化,只考虑技术层面的问题,而忽视伦理和社会因素。GMOs的争论包含着伦理价值判断、法律、政治、文化、经济、体制安排,甚至历史和传统等多方面的因素,是社会协商的产物。不同的社会集团对该问题的理解各异,专家的评价观点不能代表公众的利益诉求,在社会民主化进程中,简单地将公众排除在决策过程之外是不可取的,因为任何决策都将显著影响到公众的生命健康。 相似文献
19.
20.
朱海林 《科学技术与辩证法》2010,(6):61-64
技术伦理、利益伦理和责任伦理是工程伦理研究的三个基本维度。其中,技术伦理即工程技术活动本身的伦理问题,集中关注工程质量与安全,主要涉及工程师与管理者、技术标准、伦理标准与管理标准之间的关系;利益伦理也是工程活动的基本伦理问题之一,其基本要求是有效协调工程活动中各方面的利益关系、实现效益与公平的统一;责任伦理则是工程伦理的灵魂和内核,主体及限度是工程责任伦理首先关注的问题。 相似文献