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Morten Andersen-Gott Gheorghita Ghinea Bendik Bygstad 《International Journal of Information Management》2012
Many researchers have pointed out that the open source movement is an interesting phenomenon that is difficult to explain with conventional economic theories. However, while there is no shortage on research on individuals’ motivation for contributing to open source, few have investigated the commercial companies’ motivations for doing the same. A case study was conducted at three different companies from the IT service industry, to investigate three possible drivers: sale of complimentary services, innovation and opensourcing (outsourcing). We offer three conclusions. 相似文献
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Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? “Collective invention” regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation. 相似文献
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When trying to attain the benefits of open source software (OSS), proprietary closed source software (PCSS) firms are struggling to adopt this radically different practice of software development. We approach these adoption challenges as a problem of gaining support for organizational innovation. Through a mixed-method research design consisting of qualitative interviews and a survey of employees of a large telecommunications firm, we find that the organizational innovation to commercially engage in OSS has different impacts on technical and administrative dimensions of different job roles. Accordingly, individuals enacting different job roles are—on average—more or less well aligned with the OSS practice and OSS processes per se. We find that individual-level attributes can counterbalance the job role changes that weaken support for adopting OSS, while perceived organizational commitment has no effect. Suggestions for PCSS firms are presented and implications for innovation literature are discussed. 相似文献
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Open source is an example of user-centric innovation initiated by an individual or group of users to satisfy their specific needs; the more a software evolves towards a stable release able to address the requirements of its developers, the more successful the project. In this paper we use a large data-set obtained from SourceForge.net to estimate the relationship between a series of different characteristics of OS projects and the probability of evolution of the source code from a preliminary release to a mature version. We show that while projects distributed under highly restrictive licensing terms (GPL) have a significantly smaller probability of reaching a stable release, applications towards sophisticated users have a larger probability of evolving in the development status. Interestingly, we find that the size of the “community of developers” increases the chances of progress but this effect decreases as the community gets larger, a signal of possible coordination problems. 相似文献
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This study seeks to investigate the effects of Behavioral Activation System (BAS), known as approach motivation, and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), known as avoidance motivation, that are expected to influence individuals’ post-adoption behaviors in gamified mobile applications. A survey-based research methodology was used, and the impacts of BAS and BIS on Information Systems Continuance are examined. The results show that reward responsiveness has the most significant effect on user satisfaction and continuance intention. Fun-seeking plays an essential role in continuance intention; however, it does not significantly affect satisfaction, as drive does not affect either satisfaction or continuance intention. BIS has a significant and negative effect on individual satisfaction, but no effects were found related to continuance intention. The findings of this study improve the understanding of the differences between these motivations related to Information Systems Continuance. Significant practical implications that gamified mobile application developers can adopt are proposed. 相似文献
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David Zeitlyn 《Research Policy》2003,32(7):1287-1291
Building on Eric Raymond’s work this article discusses the motivation and rewards that lead some software engineers to participate in the open source movement. It is suggested that software engineers in the open source movement may have sub-groupings which parallel kinship groups such as lineages. Within such groups gift giving is not necessarily or directly reciprocated, instead members work according to the ‘axiom of kinship amity’—direct economic calculation is not appropriate within the group. What Bourdieu calls ‘symbolic capital’ can be used to understand how people work in order to enhance the reputation (of themselves and their group). 相似文献
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A cognitive model of intra-organizational knowledge-sharing motivations in the view of cross-culture
This paper explores individual cognitive mechanisms of knowledge-sharing (KS) motivation and intends to provide more effective measures to judge and influence individual inclinations toward KS in a cross-cultural context. First, it investigates four cognitive processes based on an individual's commitment toward KS, and studies through these processes how an individual's intrinsic motivation derived from social norms and personal norms, and extrinsic motivation derived from reward and punishment make concerted efforts to shape the ultimate intention to KS. Then, Hofstede's cultural framework is integrated to theorize cross-cultural differences in these processes. Finally, through a survey conducted in China and the US, the aforementioned theoretical analysis is confirmed. The results indicate that intrinsic motivation operates through affective commitment: internalization, identification and conformity; rewards have little direct effects on final intentions but they will influence attitude indirectly via identification; punishment for not sharing splits on cultural lines: Chinese tend to comply to avoid opposing their group and Americans tend to follow a more individualistic path; Chinese have more tendencies to conform to teams’ opinions and tend to favor KS as a means of achieving harmonious relationships, while Americans engage in KS because self-worth is viewed as the manifestation of their individual determinations. 相似文献
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User acceptance of a digital library system in developing countries: An application of the Technology Acceptance Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Namkee Park Raul Roman Seungyoon Lee Jae Eun Chung 《International Journal of Information Management》2009
This study examines the factors that influence people's adoption and use of a digital library system and tests the applicability of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the context of developing countries. Using data from a survey of 16 institutions in Africa, Asia, and Central/Latin America (N = 1082), a path analysis revealed that perceived ease of use of the library system had a significant impact on perceived usefulness, which ultimately led to behavioral intention to use. In addition, the study examined the similarities and differences in the significant predictors of the digital library acceptance across countries and continents. Further, the current study suggests that external variables that affect perceived ease of use and usefulness need to be considered as important factors in the process of designing, implementing, and operating digital library systems. Such consideration will help decrease the mismatch between system design and local users’ realities, and further facilitate the successful adoption of digital library systems in developing countries. 相似文献
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开源软件开发本着自愿参加和开放服务的原则吸引着越来越多的软件开发者,但是开源社区合作协调的管理一直是个难题。本文对开源软件开发者社区与其中的源代码管理系统的协调性进行了元网络分析实证研究。操作项目代码的次数可作为衡量开源软件成败的一个重要指标,而该指标与开发者和源代码之间的相互依存关系有密切联系。本文用Sourceforge.net开源软件孵化平台的CVS源代码管理系统中的记录文件构建开发者和源代码间的依存网络,分析了该网络中的依存关系对软件成功的影响,并从中介性、等级性、边缘性、一致性和邻接性五个方面探讨了相互依存中的协调性问题。本文提出的方法和得到的结论可帮助开发者降低沟通成本,更有效地协调软件开发中开发者和源代码中的依存关系。 相似文献
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针对安全系统开发(SSD)创新在信息技术(IT)产业组织中存在"消化上的鸿沟"问题,从组织行为管理角度出发,通过实证研究分析员工在SSD创新消化过程中的心理及行为。构建外在动机、内在动机与SSD创新消化之间关系的模型,解释影响SSD创新消化的心理因素,分析并论证内在动机对外在动机与SSD创新消化之间关系的中介作用,得出SSD创新消化影响机理。研究结果表明:员工的自我实现需要、好奇心等心理因素能够促进SSD创新消化;内在动机在外在动机对SSD创新消化的影响中具有中介作用,工作特征、报酬奖励等外在动机能够激发员工的内在动机,进而促进SSD创新在IT企业的消化吸收。 相似文献
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Nowadays, using increasingly granular data, from real-time location information and detailed demographics to consumers-generated content on the social networking sites (SNSs), businesses are starting to offer precise location-based product recommendation services through mobile devices. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), this paper develops a theoretical model to examine the adoption intention of active SNS users toward location-based recommendation agents (LBRAs). The research model was tested by using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. The results show that perceived usefulness, perceived control, and perceived institutional assurance are important in developing adoption intention. Perceived effort saving, special treatment, and social benefit have influences on the adoption intention through the mediating effect of perceived usefulness. Perceived accuracy has direct influence on adoption intention. 相似文献
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This paper examines the within-industry diversification of software small and medium enterprises that collaborate with the open source software community (OSS SMEs). In doing so, it offers new insights into the association between open innovation and diversification. We rely on arguments inspired by the literature and evidence collected through interviews with OSS SMEs’ top managers to investigate factors that favor or hinder within-industry diversification. First, in line with the mainstream diversification literature, we focus attention on the role of firm size. Second, in the spirit of the open innovation research, we concentrate on the mechanisms that OSS SMEs put in place to get access to the external resources of the OSS community. Econometric evidence on 100 European OSS SMEs shows that firm size is negatively associated to within-industry diversification, while OSS SMEs that have contributed to a larger number of OSS projects have a more diversified portfolio of software products. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that the practice of authorizing firm programmers to contribute autonomously to OSS projects of their own choice during working hours may be positively associated to within-industry diversification only if OSS SMEs possess adequate internal technological resources. 相似文献
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The success of the iPhone has created the smartphone application marketplace as a new business model for freelance developers, with significant potential yields. Attracting and retaining these freelance developers is an important success factor for smartphone platform owners. Therefore, using the viewpoint of freelance developers, this study adopts a discovery-oriented approach to explore antecedents of intentions to maintain a relationship with an incumbent platform. In a relationship commitment sense, freelance developers sustain incumbent relationships because of their calculative and affective commitments. Interview data further suggest that monetary rewards, potential market demand, and switching costs relate to calculative commitment; perceived service quality, identification with the platform owner, and intrinsic rewards are antecedents of affective commitment. The findings from the literature review and field research together produce an integrative framework that offers key insights for the smartphone application market, which can help central actors understand how to retain their external partners. 相似文献
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知识共享是当前理论界和实践界研究的热点。本研究基于文献研究在理性行动理论以及社会交换理论基础上,探讨员工组织动机感知、损失感知与知识共享意愿的关系以及面子的调节作用。通过对580份调查问卷进行实证研究发现,组织动机感知与知识共享意愿正相关,损失感知与知识共享意愿负相关;面子负向调节损失感知与知识共享意愿的关系;面子正向调节组织动机感知与知识共享意愿的关系。研究结论对于企业促进员工知识共享意愿提升企业创新能力有重要的理论与实践指导意义。 相似文献
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开源成为近年来发展较快的设计与创新模式，它在产品的创意转化、技术转化、市场导向、创新程度等方面具有显著的低成本和高客户满意度的优势。寻找关键影响因素对提高开源设计的效率和成功率有着积极的推动意义。首先，运用扎根理论文献综述的方法对相关领域的文献进行筛选和整理；其次，基于Crowston的开源软件进化过程模型，本文从输入要素和过程要素两大方面分析了影响开源设计成功的相关因素，主要包括：人员动机与行为、产品模块化的特点、项目许可的约束程度、社区规模与结构、知识共享的机制以及企业支持等。最后，根据上述分析，总结了开源设计演化过程中的两阶段影响因素，进而提出“两个持续”的目标对应两个阶段：在Pre-阶段成员的持续加入和在Post-阶段成员的持续创新，是开源设计成功的关键。 相似文献
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Michael J. Cole Jacek Gwizdka Chang Liu Nicholas J. Belkin Xiangmin Zhang 《Information processing & management》2013
The acquisition of information and the search interaction process is influenced strongly by a person’s use of their knowledge of the domain and the task. In this paper we show that a user’s level of domain knowledge can be inferred from their interactive search behaviors without considering the content of queries or documents. A technique is presented to model a user’s information acquisition process during search using only measurements of eye movement patterns. In a user study (n = 40) of search in the domain of genomics, a representation of the participant’s domain knowledge was constructed using self-ratings of knowledge of genomics-related terms (n = 409). Cognitive effort features associated with reading eye movement patterns were calculated for each reading instance during the search tasks. The results show correlations between the cognitive effort due to reading and an individual’s level of domain knowledge. We construct exploratory regression models that suggest it is possible to build models that can make predictions of the user’s level of knowledge based on real-time measurements of eye movement patterns during a task session. 相似文献
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Alice Lam 《Research Policy》2011,40(10):1354-1368
This paper employs the three concepts of ‘gold’ (financial rewards), ‘ribbon’ (reputational/career rewards) and ‘puzzle’ (intrinsic satisfaction) to examine the extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of scientists’ motivation for pursuing commercial activities. The study is based on 36 individual interviews and an on-line questionnaire survey of 735 scientists from five major UK research universities. It finds that there is a diversity of motivations for commercial engagement, and that many do so for reputational and intrinsic reasons and that financial rewards play a relatively small part. The paper draws on self-determination theory in social psychology to analyse the relationship between scientists’ value orientations with regard to commercial engagement and their personal motivations. It finds that those with traditional beliefs about the separation of science from commerce are more likely to be extrinsically motivated, using commercialization as a means to obtain resources to support their quest for the ‘ribbon’. In contrast, those identify closely with entrepreneurial norms are intrinsically motivated by the autonomy and ‘puzzle-solving’ involved in applied commercial research while also motivated by the ‘gold’. The study highlights the primacy of scientists’ self-motivation, and suggests that a fuller explanation of their commercial behaviour will need to consider a broader mix of motives to include the social and affective aspects of intrinsic motivation. In conclusion, the paper argues that policy to encourage commercial engagement should build on reputational and intrinsic rather than purely financial motivations. 相似文献
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Relationships between open source software companies and communities: Observations from Nordic firms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper deals with the relationships between firms and communities in open source software (OSS). A particular feature of OSS is that important resources are not directly controlled by firms, but partly reside within communities that co-exist with the firms. Despite this, firms explicitly try to utilize the resources within these communities in order to create and appropriate value. Consequently, the relationships that firms have to these communities influence their way of doing business. Based on case studies of Nordic OSS firms, a typology consisting of symbiotic, commensalistic, and parasitic approaches to handle the firm-community relationship is developed. Depending on the chosen approach, firms encounter different managerial issues and also use different operational means of subtle control. While firms relying on a symbiotic approach have greater possibility to influence the community through subtle means of control, they are also confronted with more challenging managerial issues. 相似文献