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1.
组织的知识共享活动是其进行知识管理的一个重要环节.知识经纪活动既可以促进组织与组织的知识共享活动,也可以促进组织内部各成员的知识共享活动.而知识经纪人是知识经纪活动的重要参与者,不仅将影响知识经纪活动的成败,也将影响知识共享活动的效率与效果.本文分析了知识经纪人在知识共享过程中的作用,并进一步探讨知识经纪活动的促进策略. 相似文献
2.
组织创新网络中的中间人角色及其影响因素——以中国制药技术领域为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
借鉴Gould和Fernandez的中间人分类方法,基于专利合作数据分析了中国制药技术领域组织创新网络中的中间人角色及其影响因素,讨论了中间人角色的转变路径以及组织创新网络的演变模式。结果表明：组织创新网络中的中间人主要是协调人、守门人和代理人,顾问和联络人较少;不同性质及不同区域的组织中间人角色存在较大差异。组织知识基础、吸收能力与组织所属区域知识基础对组织创新网络中的中间人角色及其转变路径有较大影响,不同的中间人在组织创新网络演变的不同阶段发挥不同作用。 相似文献
3.
Brokerage in SME networks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study focuses on SME networks of design and high-tech companies in Southeast Netherlands. By highlighting the personal networks of members across design and high-tech industries, the study attempts to identify the main brokers in this dynamic environment. In addition, we investigate whether specific characteristics are associated with these brokers. The main contribution of the paper lies in the fact that, in contrast to most other work, it is of a quantitative nature and focuses on brokers identified in an actual network. Studying the phenomenon of brokerage provides us with clear insights into the concept of brokerage regarding SME networks in different fields. In particular we highlight how third parties contribute to the transfer and development of knowledge. Empirical results show, among others, that the most influential brokers are found in the non-profit and science sector and have a long track record in their branch. 相似文献
4.
《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104626
In order to keep up with the pace of innovation, military firms have recently launched a series of open innovation (OI) initiatives to search for and integrate external knowledge into their internal development process. Adopting OI in such a secretive environment unlocks new possibilities to analyze how firms can pursue openness and secrecy. This article builds on a qualitative research conducted inside a large military firm that has implemented an inbound OI strategy. Relying on multiple case studies and interviews with individual players involved in the firm's OI initiatives, we analyzed how these players deploy secrecy practices when participating to OI projects. They actually combine cognitive practices (aiming at modulating the contextual depth of the knowledge revealed through reframing) with relational practices (aiming at controlling the visibility and exposure of this knowledge). We highlight how these combinations evolve during the lifecycle of OI partnerships. By emphasizing different modes by which individual actors practice secrecy in OI, we contribute to previous research addressing how organizations navigate the paradox of openness. Besides, this study proposes new theoretical insights on the role and features of secrecy practices in innovation activities, and thus contributes to the emerging research field of managerial secrecy. 相似文献
5.
Chris Kimble Corinne Grenier Karine Goglio-Primard 《International Journal of Information Management》2010
The article examines the process of innovation and knowledge sharing from a perspective that focuses on the influence that local circumstances can have. In particular, it looks at the problems of knowledge sharing between groups of professionals. It presents a comparative analysis of two studies, one involving two groups of IT professionals; the other a network of healthcare professionals. The data was collected in two sets. The first set consisted of the results from two earlier, independent studies; the second was collected specifically for this article. We investigate the role played by boundary objects and brokers. Through an analysis of the interplay between boundary object and broker, we uncover the dynamics of the innovation process and show that the role played by the broker can be political. We identify two strategies that are used by brokers in the selection of a boundary object. The first is directed towards achieving a balance between the actors involved and the second is directed towards controlling their activities. We conclude by suggesting that other researchers should also consider the interplay between broker and boundary object when examining cross-boundary knowledge sharing. 相似文献
6.
Inter-firm social links are always helpful to establish mutual trust for further cooperation, and inter-firm knowledge exchange stresses the relative importance in a technological field. This study first examines the differences and relationships among the networks that are constructed by different exchanged resources, and further explores how a firm’s embedded local cluster resources and the brokerages’ roles in different inter-firm networks shape a firm’s leading position in the technical knowledge field. To construct inter-firm networks, we survey all members in the Taiwan Fastener Industry Association, collecting 87 valid samples for a 67% response rate. We use QAP (Quadratic Assignment Procedure) regressions to examine the relationships among networks, including social network (SN), information network (IN), and knowledge network (KN). We execute a negative binomial regression to investigate the importance of cluster resources and cross-regional brokering roles in SN and IN for gaining a higher position in technical KN. The results first show that the ties in SN and IN help establish cooperative partnerships in exchanging technical knowledge. Second, local cluster resources play a critical role in driving firms to gain a higher position in KN. Third, to have a leading role in KN, the brokerage roles in IN seem to be more important than the brokerages in SN. In particular, cross-regional brokerage roles (e.g., liaison) in IN strengthen their position in KN. 相似文献
7.
The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the processes involved in transferring knowledge into action. Obviously an interesting subject of research, it is worthwhile delving into the role played by knowledge brokers in bridging the gap between research and practice. This paper investigates the relationship between organizational climate and brokers’ knowledge transfer activities. The structural equation model was tested, using survey data from 301 respondents who primarily carry out their professional activities in health services, such as knowledge brokers. The results suggest two major findings: first, that the organizational climate as a multidimensional concept has a direct positive impact on the brokers’ knowledge transfer activities; secondly, that the organizational climate, characterized by the autonomy granted to brokers and a cooperative climate play an indirect role in affecting the knowledge transfer activities through the mediation of the organizational support provided to brokers. 相似文献
8.
Coopetition, i.e., cooperation between competing actors, has become a pervasive strategy for innovative firms. The primary focus of studies investigating coopetition centers on inter-firm relationships, highlighting the benefits, limits and configurational patterns of cooperative relationships between competing firms. Only a small, emerging group of studies seeks to extend the concept to the intra-firm level, stressing the existence and effects of competition and cooperation between units that are part of the same organization. This paper contributes to this latter group by investigating the effects of internal coopetition on knowledge and innovation sharing and highlighting the fundamental role of knowledge brokers in managing the resulting tensions. Based on a qualitative case study of the video game publisher Ubisoft, we stress how the tensions raised by internal coopetitive settings limit knowledge sharing between units, and we analyze the mechanisms through which the knowledge broker helps to overcome these limits. We identify three main functions of this knowledge broker that allow the promotion of knowledge and innovation transfer to occur between coopeting units: (1) protecting the unit’s competitive advantage by introducing a lagging principle in the transfer process, (2) reducing sharing costs by standardizing innovative solutions, and (3) enhancing awareness of and trust in innovative solutions by centralizing knowledge diffusion. 相似文献
9.
Social networks provide individuals with diverse or redundant information depending on the network structure. Both types of information offer advantages for generating new ideas. At the same time, network structure and network content are independent. As a result, two individuals with the same network position can access diverse or redundant content from their social peers. In this study, we investigate the function of social networks in innovative endeavors given individuals’ different kinds of information accessing behavior. In accordance with previous research, we argue that individuals with a broker status access more diverse information through non-redundant network structures and develop, on average, more novel ideas. We further propose that redundancy in content complements brokers’ structural non-redundancy by providing familiar knowledge elements and therefore interpretability, while non-redundancy in both content and structure leads to information overload. Thus, we hypothesize that brokers accessing more information depth, and independently, less information breadth generate newer ideas. To test our hypotheses, we collected data from a popular online maker community containing 18,146 ideas, 19,919 profiles, and 52,663 comments. We used topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) to extract hidden knowledge elements and social network analysis to identify brokers. In line with our hypotheses, we find that information depth (breadth) strengthens (weakens) a favorable broker position. These findings have implications for the literature on idea generation in social networks and household sector innovation. 相似文献
10.
鉴于发明者在创新活动中的“抱团”研发现象,采用GN算法,识别可再生能源行业发明者合作创新网络的社群结构,根据社群内部成员和社群经纪人网络位点的不同,通过相邻期社群动态追踪,划分社群结构动态配置,实证社群配置与社群创新能力间的关系。结果表明：发明者合作创新网络存在明显的社群划分,不同类型的社群动态配置对社群发明者创新影响显著不同。总体为,动态与静态相协调的社群配置优于双动或双静的社群配置,具体为,“动荡”社群创新能力最弱,“纽带”社群创新能力最强,“独立”及“固化”社群介于两者间。以促进发明者创新,政策应该有利于创新网络动态及稳定的折中。 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2021,50(10):104343
Research in a number of fields has shown that brokerage is typically fragile while creating consequential outcomes. However, little work has examined the conditions under which brokerage ends, and furthermore, whether and when it terminates with closure in a closed triad that includes the broker, or in a dyad that connects the previously-disconnected alters but disintermediates the broker. We employ a comprehensive theoretical framework drawing on constrained agency to study these questions in a context of organizational innovation. Specifically, we investigate the role of hierarchy, inventors’ network neighborhoods and knowledge differences in shaping the evolution of brokerage. We test our ideas in the a setting of co-patenting in 41 large Chinese research-intensive organizations over the period 1996-2008, with a dataset of 36,338 patents applied for by these organizations. We first show that the type of brokerage ending matters for innovation outcomes by demonstrating that disintermediation creates more subsequent innovativeness than closure. Thereafter, we use a two-step model to first model the termination of brokerage and in the second step to predict the type of closing: disintermediation or closure. Our results show that the broker's and alters’ hierarchical rank similarity promotes disintermediation, as does alters’ connectedness in network neighborhoods, while knowledge differences among the broker and alters encourage the evolution of brokerage toward closure. We spell out the implications of our findings for organizational innovation and the management of R&D. 相似文献
12.
以创新网络结构—绩效为研究对象,分析结点属性、联系强度及网络中介位置等网络结构要素对创新网络绩效的作用。运用科研合作网络表示创新网络,以燃料电池为研究领域,将1989—2011年间中国学者合作发表在SCI来源期刊上的科技论文作为样本数据,利用UCINET6绘制中国区域科研合作网络图谱并获取网络结构的表征,验证结点属性、联系强度和中介位置等对创新绩效的作用机制及效果。研究结果表明:当分别考察结点属性、联系强度和网络中介位置等网络结构要素对创新绩效的作用时,它们均对创新绩效存在显著的促进作用;考察三者互动效应对创新绩效的作用时,中介位置对创新绩效不存在直接影响,而是借助联系强度间接促进创新绩效的提升。 相似文献
13.
This paper addresses a neglected topic in the knowledge management literature: how the size of a network of actors affects the nature of intra-network social relations and knowledge processes. It makes a theoretical contribution to developing understanding in this area drawing on a range of literatures including practice-based perspectives on knowledge, the literature on the embeddedness of social relations, and relevant knowledge management literature. The central focus of this paper is on the relationship between network size, network density, and how these variables affect intra-network knowledge processes. It suggests that as network size increases network density is likely to decrease (as it becomes problematic for the actors in such networks to retain strong ties with a significant proportion of the network's members), which it will be suggested has significant ramifications for intra-network knowledge processes. This paper concludes by reflecting on the implications of the ideas developed for network-based forms of organizing, and innovation processes. 相似文献
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15.
“脱钩论”背景下，企业自主创新中自主性与开放性的关系需要从理论上进行说明。传统创新研究大多基于扩散模型进行，认为自主性是技术先验的内在属性，因而也就无需解释自主性与开放性的关系。但在行动者网络理论视域下，自主创新是基于转译模型进行的，技术的属性并不是先验的，而是由参与其中的行动者共同定义的。基于转译模型对华为5G技术创新的研究表明，技术创新的自主性可以分为两个方面：一方面，创新主体要依靠累积循环将知识带回，并作为累积循环的中心对知识进行重新定义；另一方面，创新主体要在技术商业化的过程中，通过与其他行动者的开放性磋商，使相关技术成为行业的国际标准，界定“强制性通道”。这两个方面体现了企业作为技术创新主体对其他行动者的支配性力量，这种力量的行使必须在与其他行动者的开放性互动中才能实现。在此意义上，企业技术创新的自主性是在开放性中生成的。 相似文献
16.
内容提供商是网络平台中新服务开发（NSD）活动的开展者,如何借助网络平台运营机制,从平台中其他参与者处获取知识、提升NSD绩效,是有待解决的关键问题。在前期案例研究的基础上,对相关概念进行探析,构建网络平台运营机制对内容提供商NSD绩效作用机理的理论模型,提出研究命题,结果表明：内容提供商可以借助能力提供机制、互动机制和知识整合机制,分别获取能力提供商、新服务体验者和平台企业的显性知识和隐性知识,能力提供机制对两类知识获取的作用强度相当,互动机制更有助于隐性知识获取,知识整合机制更有助于显性知识获取;显性知识获取和隐性知识获取对NSD绩效的两个维度（新服务的数量、新服务的评分）均有正向作用,显性知识获取对前者的作用更强,隐性知识获取恰好相反;在网络平台运营机制与内容提供商知识获取的关系中,内容提供商技术准备度、任务复杂性均起正向调节作用。本研究进一步打开了基于开放式网络平台的NSD模式的“黑箱”,推动了创新管理理论向网络环境发展和深化,对平台参与者协同推进NSD活动具有指导意义。 相似文献
17.
基于社会网络和知识基础理论,以知识管理能力为中介变量,并打开其“黑箱”,探究企业社会网络影响创新绩效的内在机理,运用结构方程模型分析和Bootstrap等方法,对相关假设进行检验。结果表明,企业内部社会网络能够通过内部知识管理能力的中介作用提升企业创新绩效,内部社会网络会依次通过知识创造、知识转化和知识创新能力的链式传导作用,对企业创新绩效产生积极影响;企业外部社会网络能够通过外部知识管理能力的中介作用提升企业创新绩效,外部社会网络会依次通过知识吸收、知识连接和知识解吸能力的链式传导作用,对企业创新绩效产生积极影响;企业内、外部社会网络的交互项也能够通过内部和外部知识管理能力的中介作用提升企业创新绩效。 相似文献
18.
基于气候变化和能源安全的现实考虑，低碳技术创新已成为全球重要议题。本文首先从理论上分析低碳技术合作创新网络中的多维邻近性及演化，然后以低碳汽车技术为例，基于联合申请专利，利用数据挖掘与社会网络分析构建1992-2011年全球低碳汽车技术合作创新网络，考察网络中多维邻近性存在与否，演化过程如何。研究表明，低碳技术及其合作创新网络与多维邻近性协同演化；低碳技术合作创新网络中多维邻近性演化涉及不同国家地区与行动者网络位置与能力的演变；低碳技术合作创新网络中多维邻近性演化需注意避免过度邻近的“锁定效应”。 相似文献
19.
The diffusion of knowledge within organizations provides opportunities for interpersonal co-operation, improves creative ability and therefore leads to competitive advantage. Focus of prior literature on knowledge diffusion has been on identifying factors that influence individuals' behavioral intentions to seek and share knowledge. However, knowledge diffusion as an enigmatic, emergent and organizational-level process is more than the simple aggregation of individual attributes and needs to be further investigated. Accordingly, this study focuses on three distinct system-level factors, i.e., architectures of connections among individuals, distributions of knowledge roles and designs of selection mechanisms and analyses their effects on knowledge diffusion. To be more specific, we examine three distinct knowledge roles: seekers, contributors and brokers. We also distinguish between three types of selection mechanisms: objective selection mechanisms, feedback-based selection mechanisms and random selection mechanisms. By conducting agent-based simulations on four representative networks, i.e., regular networks, random networks, small-world networks and scale-free networks, our results show that the optimal knowledge diffusion performance can be achieved on scale-free networks where all agents implement objective mechanisms and show characteristics of brokers. Moreover, our results (a) highlight the significance of brokers, (b) illustrate the superiority of objective selection rules and (c) demonstrate that scale-free networks provide an optimal framework for knowledge diffusion. Furthermore, we also find the interdependent relevance of these three factors to knowledge diffusion and propose a qualitative explanation of these findings. 相似文献
20.
数字化重塑了创新主体之间的价值共创方式,拓展了现有创新生态系统理论,引发关于数字创新生态系统的思考。本文提出数字创新生态系统的两种表现形式：创新导向的数字生态系统（又称“数字创新生态系统Ⅰ型”）以及数字赋能的创新生态系统（又称“数字创新生态系统Ⅱ型”）。创新导向型的数字生态系统旨在促进数字创新的产生、应用与扩散,这一围绕数字主体而形成的创新生态系统延续了数字生态系统收敛性、可扩展性、自生长性和模块性的基本特征。数字赋能的创新生态系统是数字化进程与创新主体间价值共创行为深度融合的结果,实现了创新生态系统内主体、结构、制度、功能和演进的数字化转型。数字创新生态系统Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型彼此渗透、相互促进,改进了创新主体之间的价值共创方式,推动了创新能力与创新效能的全面提升。最后,建议未来研究从案例分析、形成机制分析、发展战略分析、政策研究和监测研究等方面来健全和完善数字创新生态系统理论。 相似文献