共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The article presents a reusable online support system, in which an open-ended learning environment is created to scaffold complex, real-world problem solving activities. The major learning components of the system are specifically described, and the internal interactions between different components within the system and the external interactions among the system, learners (who also interact with one another among themselves), instructors, and administrators are demonstrated. The learning theories and the assumptions underpinning the system design framework are discussed in terms of each of the system components: case library with real-world cases, question prompts, peer review, expert modelling, and self-reflection mechanisms. In conclusion, initial findings about the support system are shared, and issues regarding reusability, adaptivity, and generativity of the system are addressed focusing on developing novice learners' problem solving skills in various domains and contexts. The article proposes a cognitive model for contextualizing learning scenarios to support real-world problem solving, which has implications for designing e-learning. 相似文献
2.
教育技术理论的形成不但需要卓有成效的教育技术实践,还需要从其发展的“逻辑”之维和“现实”之维加以把握。在逻辑维度,建构一个自洽的教育技术理论范畴体系,可以揭示教育技术存在的普遍规律;在现实维度,探讨中国语境下教育技术的核心问题,有助于寻找中国教育技术理论安身立命的“居所”。科学范畴体系的逻辑结构必须与科学的现实基础相一致。“教育技术”是教育技术理论的核心范畴,因为“教育技术”这个概念本身具有最强的统摄力,不同的教育技术观影响着不同的教育技术认识和实践的方向。教学媒体和教学设计是教育技术理论的现象范畴。教育技术的现象范畴涉及教育技术的存在现象,它具有一定的抽象性和包容性,是核心范畴的具体化。教育技术活动范畴是操作性范畴,“分析”、“设计”、“开发”、“使用”和“评价”是教育技术基本活动的理论反映。如果说理论范畴的建构是对教育技术的静态“解剖”和事实抽象,带有鲜明的对象化研究倾向;那么,把握教育技术学的核心问题则是基于“问题逻辑”的动态探索,是一种价值性的观察视角。现代教学媒体的应用,特别是信息技术对学与教的支持作用,最有可能作为教育技术学发展的“核心”。强调现代教育媒体理论的核心地位,决定着我国教育技术学的基本观点和立场。 相似文献
3.
Abstract The following paper presents content and outcomes of a model class for instructing general and special educators in best practices of inclusive education. Key components of the class were (a) an emphasis on cooperative learning and team decision making, (b) highly structured problem‐solving activities, and (c) the use of in vivo case studies involving children with disabilities in local schools. These components were designed to model professional activities associated with the successful inclusion of children with disabilities in general education classrooms. Course content is supported by brief reviews of related research. Course outcomes, problems encountered, and recommendations for replication are presented. 相似文献
4.
Adar Ben-Eliyahu 《教育心理学家》2019,54(2):84-105
The aim of this article is to map the academic emotional learning cycle from a theoretical and practical perspective through the lens of self-regulated learning. Focusing on the learner, a further iteration of the emotional dimension of the integrated self-regulated learning model is articulated by considering within-individual components (i.e., the intraindividual system). Academic emotions are considered an important component of learning that, along with intellectual behavioral-cognitive goals, should be explicit targets of learning. An emotional learning cycle is presented, according to which broader affective inclinations––the expectation to experience certain affect or emotion––shape the relations between emotions and self-regulated emotions that occur during a learning episode. Strategies for self-regulated emotions are outlined in light of the need for more research in this field, along with proposed future directions for research and educational implications. 相似文献
5.
Laurent Veillard 《Vocations and Learning》2012,5(3):251-276
The aim of this article is to discuss transfer of learning in a tertiary technical course in the French educational context. The focus is on a pedagogical sequence (i.e. a complex problem-solving activity) requiring different types of knowledge that students are expected to have learnt previously in the different parts of their training course (both at university and in the workplace). The theoretical approach considers transfer of learning as a complex transition, including not only cognitive but also social and identity changes. This type of transition can be more or less difficult according to the types of knowledge and the pedagogical organisation of the training course, including more or less connective activities between its different components. We recorded two groups of students during the pedagogical sequence and analysed their collective activity during the problem solving. Our findings show that students can easily transfer concrete knowledge from the workplace whereas they have great difficulty in using theoretical concepts and methods coming from the academic teachings at the university. We propose an interpretation of the students?? difficulties by analysing the characteristics of these different social learning contexts. We also discuss the way in which such types of connective activities can be designed and managed by teachers to improve their efficiency. 相似文献
6.
Josef Sageder 《Distance Education》1988,9(2):234-249
This article from a pedagogical viewpoint deals with the problem of how to promote meaningful learning in distance education. In correspondence courses, major problems arise from individual learning difficulties which are caused, e.g. by ineffective teaching methods, deficient individual prerequisites, and/or lack of social facilitation because of isolation. Dealing with those problems experts have been using various technical facilities (e.g., computers for administration and management) and media. Nevertheless, learning difficulties can be solved only by students themselves, but not by mere manipulation of technology, educational methods, or students’ activities. Methods to enhance individual engagement and learning cannot be based well on existing pedagogical theories, since these address direct teaching of children or youth in classroom. Search for theories and methods appropriate to distance teaching reveals as a major goal the development of problem‐solving skills and related abilities. Learning activities corresponding to that goal obviously cohere to working on problem‐like tests. Thus, a conceptual model of how to effect meaningful learning by tests is being proposed. Based on that model special modular components of tests are being described which should be apt for enhancing meaningful learning, and for computer‐based application. 相似文献
7.
This article analyzes the collaborative problem solving activities and learning outcomes of five groups that worked on two different complex cases in a virtual professional training course. In this asynchronous virtual learning environment, all knowledge management content was delivered virtually and collaboration took place through forums. To measure the effects of the problem solving activities, learners' contributions were analyzed with respect to four different problem solving activities: Two content-specific problem solving activities, namely gathering information and developing a solution, and two coordination-specific problem solving activities, namely planning the common approach and steering the interaction process. Results indicated that the learning process was dominated by two central activities: developing a solution and steering the interaction process. Furthermore, the results indicated that the groups with the more complex case used more overall problem solving activities than the groups with the less complex case. There was also a greater range of learning outcomes for learners with the more complex case than for learners with the less complex case. Finally, the number of overall problem solving activities for most of the successful groups was higher than for the less successful groups. Additionally, the more successful groups used more coordination-specific activities than content-specific activities during the problem solving process. 相似文献
8.
The Jasper experiment: An exploration of issues in learning and instructional design 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cognition Technology Group at Vanderbilt 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1992,40(1):65-80
The Jasper Woodbury Problem Solving Series is an example of a video-based instructional macrocontext for complex problem generation and problem solving. The Jasper series and curricular materials are described and illustrated in this article. The theoretical framework underlying the series includes assumptions about educational goals and the nature of learning, including the importance of generative activities and cooperative learning situations. The authors argue that the Jasper series affords generative and cooperative learning activities in a way that traditional mathematics problem-solving materials do not. However, whether these features are utilized depends on the teaching model at work in the classroom. Three models of teaching—basics first, structured problem solving, and guided generation—that can be applied to the Jasper series are outlined. The strengths and weaknesses of each are discussed, and associated assessment issues are raised. The article concludes by pointing to the need for research on the impact of differing instructional design decisions.Members of the Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt who contributed to this paper are Linda Barron, John Bransford, Olin Campbell, Ben Ferron, Laura Goin, Elizabeth Goldman, Susan Goldman, Ted Hasselbring, Allison Heath, Charles Kinzer, James Pellegrino, Kirsten Rewey, Robert Sherwood, Nancy Vye, Susan Warren, Susan Williams. 相似文献
9.
Erik De Corte Lieven Verschaffel Chris Masui 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2004,19(4):365-384
A major challenge for education and educational research is to build on our present understanding of learning for designing
environments for education that are conducive to fostering in students self-regulatory and cooperative learning skills, transferable
knowledge, and a disposition toward competent thinking and problem solving. Taking into account inquiry-based knowledge on
learning and recent instructional research, this article presents the CLIA-model (Competence, Learning, Intervention, Assessment)
as a framework for the design of learning environments aimed to be powerful in eliciting in students learning processes that
facilitate the acquisition of productive knowledge and competent learning and thinking skills. Next, two intervention studies
are described that embody major components of this framework, one focussing on mathematical problem solving in primary school,
and a second one relating to self-regulatory skills in university freshmen. Both studies were carried out in parallel with
the development of the framework, and were instrumental in identifying and specifying the different components of the model.
They yielded both promising initial support for the model by showing that CLIA-based learning environments are indeed powerful
in facilitating in students the acquisition of high-literacy learning results, especially the acquisition and transfer of
self-regulation skills for learning and problem solving. 相似文献
10.
The ontologies of complexity and learning about complex systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper discusses a study of students learning core conceptual perspectives from recent scientific research on complexity
using a hypermedia learning environment in which different types of scaffolding were provided. Three comparison groups used
a hypermedia system with agent-based models and scaffolds for problem-based learning activities that varied in terms of the
types of text based scaffolds that were provided related to a set of complex systems concepts. Although significant declarative
knowledge gains were found for the main experimental treatment in which the students received the most scaffolding, there
were no significant differences amongst the three groups in terms of the more cognitively demanding performance on problem
solving tasks. However, it was found across all groups that the students who enriched their ontologies about how complex systems
function performed at a significantly higher level on transfer problem solving tasks in the posttest. It is proposed that
the combination of interactive representational scaffolds associated with NetLogo agent-based models in complex systems cases
and problem solving scaffolding allowed participants to abstract ontological dimensions about how systems of this type function
that, in turn, was associated with the higher performance on the problem solving transfer tasks. Theoretical and design implications
for learning about complex systems are discussed. 相似文献
11.
任仲田 《海南广播电视大学学报》2011,12(2):126-129
应用写作课堂教学具有特殊性,同时也具备课堂教学的共性。构建项目教学法指导下的《财经写作》课程体系,是实现写作课堂教学成效的必要保证。以建构主义学习理论和情境学习理论为构建财经应用文写作课程项目教学新体系的理论依据。新的教学体系强调：以实际工作为行动导向,以具体情境为项目,以学生为主体组织教学活动,以多途径解决问题的方式来拓展学生思路,做到学生在学习理论的同时,深入参与到具体实践锻炼中,在实践中促进学生理论和综合能力提高。 相似文献
12.
学习能力的培养，主要通过课堂教学模式和学习发展模式来实现。本文从学生角度提出了学习能力培养的发展模式。发展模式认为：学马动机的多元化是学习能力培养的起点，学习过程的程序化是学习能力培养的平台，知识的重复结构化是学习能力培养的主要手段，问题解决的过手化是学习能力的检验方式，自我反馈的意识化是学习能力培养诸环节形成闭合回路的关键所在。这五个方面是具有内在逻辑联系的整体。 相似文献
13.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of individual versus cooperative learning on different components of students’ functioning. As a theoretical framework to analyse these processes we used CAMS model (Dansereau, 1986; O’Donnell & Dansereau, 1992), which includes four levels of students’ functioning: cognitive (C), affective (A), metacognitive (M) and social (S). 373 fifth grade students (170 in experimental group and 203 in control group) from nine different primary schools participated in the research. In the experimental group cooperative learning was introduced for one in four lessons in two subjects: mathematics and Slovene language. The control group received the traditional way of teaching. Statistical analysis showed strong positive effects of cooperative learning on achievement in both subjects. No other variable showed differential change. 相似文献
14.
样例学习是学习者从例示了一般概念、原理、程序的例子中习得解决问题方法的一种学习方式.和单纯的问题解决学习方式相比,样例学习不仅费时少、迁移效果好,还可减轻学生学习时的认知负荷.早期的样例学习研究集中于数学、物理等学科的单内容样例的学习,最近的研究开始涉及没有明确解题步骤的双内容样例的学习.样例学习的重要机制是学习者对样... 相似文献
15.
论学习环境中资源、工具与评价的设计 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
本从学习环境设计理论与实践的角度，探讨了资源、工具与评价的设计与应用问题。在学习环境设计中，资源是支持任务学习或问题研究的必备条件之一，是需要认真设计的重要构件之一。学习环境中的工具是指学习工具。学习工具是指有益于学习查找、获取和处理信息，交流协作，建构知识，以具体的方法组织并表述理解和评价学习效果的中介。在学习环境设计中，比较注重信息技术作为学习工具的设计与应用。学习环境中的评价与传统的教学评价是不同的。为了真正促进学习能力的发展，学习必须体验解决真实问题的过程，理解复杂的学习任务。因此，评价应当尽可能是基于真实任务的、复杂的、能挑战学习思维过程的，评价的标准能反映多元化的观点和多样化的问题解决方案。 相似文献
16.
Anton E. Lawson 《科学教学研究杂志》1986,23(6):503-522
Grossberg's neural modeling principles of learning, perception, cognition, and motor control are presented as the basis for construction of a neurological model of sensory-motor problem solving. The pattern of problem solving is assumed to be universal, thus is sought in the higher-order shift from the child's use of an additive strategy to the adolescent's use of a proportions strategy to solve the Pouring Water Task (Suarez and Rhonheimer, 1974). Possible neurological principles involved in this shift and in the process of psychological equilibration are discussed as are possible educational implications. 相似文献
17.
Troubleshooting is a common form of problem solving. Technicians (e.g., automotive mechanics, electricians) and professionals (physician, therapists, ombudspersons) diagnose faulty systems and take direct, corrective action to eliminate any faults in order to return the systems to their normal states. Traditional approaches to troubleshooting instruction have emphasized either theoretical or domain knowledge about the system or specific troubleshooting procedures. These methods have failed to develop transferable troubleshooting skills in learners. In this article, we propose an architecture for designing learning environments for troubleshooting. The architecture integrates experiential, domain, and device knowledge in a learning system that enables learners to generate and test hypotheses for every action they take, relate every action to a conceptual model of the system, and query experienced troubleshooters about what they would do. The architecture includes three essential components: A multi-layered conceptual model of the system that includes topographic, function, strategic, and procedural representations; a simulator that requires the learner to generate hypotheses, reconcile the hypotheses to the system mode, test the hypotheses, and interpret the results from the test; and a case library that uses a case-based reasoning engine to access relevant stories of troubleshooting experiences as advice for the learner. This novel architecture can be used to develop learning environments for different kinds of troubleshooting. 相似文献
18.
为解决“互联网+”时代学习路径辨识难、个性化学习信息过滤难、学习碎片化等“富信息时代”典型学习问题,文章以构建学习服务模式作为问题解决的切入点,采用系统论方法以学习场景作为分析单位,探究了场景化理念的内涵,发现“互联网+”时代信息传播具有基于用户场景的个性化信息服务特性和信息增值效用;构建了学习场景模型,由学习者、学习时间、学习空间和学习活动四要素及其各自构成元素组成;以场景化信息传播模式为基本框架推演出场景化学习服务模式的结构模型,由学习需求分析、学习资源推荐、潜在交互场景生成、学习场景切换、交互场景生成、学习服务效果评价以及修改七个模块构成;确立了场景化学习服务学习延续性、学习资源推荐强度和场景边界划分三项原则。 相似文献
19.
The WISC and WISC-R protocols of 94 special education students (51 white males, 5 black males, 30 white females, and 8 black females) who tested in the mildly retarded and borderline range of abilities (IQs of 50–78) were examined. Their test performance was then followed longitudinally for two additional WISC and WISC-R assessments. Mean age of subjects was 8 years at Test 1, 10.75 years at Test 2, and 14.9 years at Test 3. As predicted, subjects had lower IQ equivalent scores on Bannatyne's Sequencing Ability category than their IQ equivalent scores on the Verbal Comprehension or Perceptual Organization factors of the WISC and WISC-R for all three testings. Results were interpreted as supporting the notion that mildly retarded children and learning disabled children have qualitatively similar learning patterns. 相似文献
20.
问题式学习:一条集中体现建构主义思想的教学改革思路 总被引：74，自引：0，他引：74
国外当前教育改革的浪潮中 ,问题式学习是一种与建构主义学习理论及其教学原则非常吻合的教学模式 ,目前正越来越多地被许多教育和培训领域所采用和重视。这种模式以问题为核心 ,让学生围绕问题展开知识建构过程 ,藉此过程促进学生掌握灵活的知识基础和发展高层次的思维技能、解决问题能力及自主学习能力。其学习过程包括组织小组、启动问题、循环反复解决问题、成果展示以及最后的反思和评价等环节。这种教学模式与我国当前教育改革的趋势比较一致 ,对国内教学改革思路很有启迪意义。 相似文献