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1.
采用问卷调查与自然实验相结合的方式对高中生自我妨碍(特质性自我妨碍与情境性自我妨碍)的特点及其与自我概念的关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)高中生特质性自我妨碍在性别上差异不显著,但在年级、学习成绩上差异显著.(2)高中生特质性自我妨碍与自我概念的总分及各个维度都存在显著负相关,其中自我概念的4个维度是特质性自我妨碍的有效预测变量.(3)在高中生情境性自我妨碍中,行为式自我妨碍的指标练习数目在性别、学习成绩上存在显著差异,但自陈式自我妨碍在各个变量上差异都不显著.(4)高中生情境性自我妨碍与自我概念存在显著负相关,其中自我概念的4个维度能有效预测行为式自我妨碍的指标练习数目,2个维度能有效预测自陈式自我妨碍.(5)高自我妨碍特质的高中生情境性自我妨碍得分也较高. 相似文献
2.
This study extends previous research on the relations among students' personal achievement goals, perceptions of the classroom goal structure, and reports of the use of self-handicapping strategies. Surveys, specific to the math domain, were given to 484 7th-grade students in nine middle schools. Personal performance-avoid goals positively predicted handicapping, whereas personal performance-approach goals did not. Personal task goals negatively predicted handicapping. Perceptions of a performance goal structure positively predicted handicapping, and perceptions of a task goal structure negatively predicted handicapping, independent of personal goals. Median splits used to examine multiple goal profiles revealed that students high in performance-avoid goals used handicapping more than did those low in performance-avoid goals regardless of the level of task goals. Students low in performance-avoid goals and high in task goals handicapped less than those low in both goals. Level of performance-approach goals had little effect on the relation between task goals and handicapping. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
3.
试论中学生的学业自我妨碍及其干预 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
学业自我妨碍是学生在学校和课堂这种典型的能力评价情境中为回避可能出现的消极情感结果而有意识地采取降低或放弃努力的行为。在分析中学生常见的学业自我妨碍行为的基础上,探讨了中学生学业自我妨碍行为的发生原因,并在此基础上提出若干干预措施,以期消除中学生的学业自我妨碍行为,进而激发其学习动机。 相似文献
4.
为探讨师范类女大学生学业自我设限的现状及影响因素,使用大学生学业自我设限问卷、自尊量表、成就动机量表、成就目标量表、学业成就归因量表对357名师范类女大学生进行测查,结果显示师范类女大学生存在一定的学业自我设限,更多的采用"推卸责任"和"假意自贬"等学业自我设限策略,自尊、情境归因、运气归因及避免失败的成就动机对学业自我设限具有很强的预测作用。 相似文献
5.
朱燕菲 《江苏广播电视大学学报》2013,(5):25-29
本研究以江苏地区319名高职生和212名本科生为研究对象,采用问卷法来揭示高职生的特质性、行为式和自陈式自我妨碍的特点,并深入探讨高职生不同类型自我妨碍与自尊及学业成败归因的关系。研究表明：（1）高职生特质性自我妨碍程度低于本科生,其行为式自我妨碍程度高于本科生;（2）高职生的行为式自我妨碍性别差异显著,男生会比女生表现出更多的自我妨碍行为;（3）高职生一年级的特质性自我妨碍水平要明显高于二年级和三年级。随着年级增长,高职生的行为式自我妨碍水平却会显著下降。（4）高职生特质性自我妨碍与自尊呈显著的负相关;（5）高职生的特质性、行为式和自陈式自我妨碍与学业成败外归因呈正相关。 相似文献
6.
Drawing on modern diathesis-stress theories which suggest a multiplicative approach to determine one's personal vulnerability status, we posit that the degree of an individual's vulnerability for using self-handicapping strategies in case of self-threatening events depends on the interaction between different vulnerability and protective factors. In this article, we assume that the pursuit of mastery goals buffers the relations between self-handicapping and two frequently cited determinants (low self-esteem, high performance-avoidance goals). In three studies with German high-school and college students, we found empirical evidence for the assumed moderator effect of mastery goals. In studies 1 and 3, performance-avoidance goals were remarkably lower associated with self-handicapping in the group of students highly endorsing mastery goals compared to students who proved to be less mastery oriented. In studies 2 and 3, moreover, individuals' self-esteem was less related to self-handicapping when students strongly emphasized mastery goals. We discuss several implications of these findings for both educational practice and future research on self-handicapping. 相似文献
7.
毛晋平 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2007,6(4):92-95
采用问卷法对260名大学生进行成就目标、不可控制感、自尊与学业自我妨碍关系研究调查,探讨大学生学业自我妨碍与其成就目标取向、不可控感、自尊间的关系.调查显示:(1)大学生学业自我妨碍存在专业、学历差异;(2)避免失败成绩目标、不可控制感、自我贬低对自我妨碍有显著的正向预测作用,掌握目标有显著的负向预测作用.由此得出成就目标取向、不可控感、自我贬低与大学生学业自我妨碍密切相关的结论. 相似文献
8.
近年来学业自我妨碍成为自我妨碍研究领域的新动向,我国学者也从不同的方面对学业自我妨碍进行研究。将从四个方面对国内学业自我妨碍的研究进行综述：学业自我妨碍的概念、我国学生自我妨碍的状况和特点、学业自我妨碍的影响因素及学业成绩与学业自我妨碍的关系。 相似文献
9.
Yngvar Ommundsen Richard Haugen Thorleif Lund 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(5):461-474
The purpose of the present study is to explore how academic self‐concept and implicit theories of ability are related to four self‐regulation strategies—motivation/diligence, concentration, information processing, and self‐handicapping. The hypothesis is that academic self‐concept and an incremental theory of ability are (1) positively related to motivation/diligence, concentration, and information processing strategies, and (2) negatively related to self‐handicapping strategies. On the basis of inventories 168 teacher students and 60 sport students (a total of 178 females and 50 males) were scored on academic self‐concept, incremental and fixed theories of ability and the four self‐regulation strategies. Multiple regression analysis was used for each self‐regulation strategy as dependent variable, and with academic self‐concept and the ability theories as independent variables. Results revealed that an incremental theory had, as predicted, a positive relation with motivation/diligence and concentration, but had only trivial relations with information processing and self‐handicapping, whereas a fixed theory had only the predicted relation with self‐handicapping. As hypothesised, a high academic self‐concept was positively related to motivation/diligence, conception, and information processing and negatively to self‐handicapping. The findings may indicate that, in order to promote meta‐theoretical processing and prevent student from self‐handicapping, it is important to strengthen academic self‐concept, and to foster an incremental conception of ability among students. 相似文献
10.
Research investigating the relationship between classroom environment and self-handicapping was conducted in Australian, Canadian and British secondary schools. Perceptions of classroom environment, self-handicapping and academic efficacy were assessed by 3,602 students from 29 schools. Correlation analyses between ten classroom environment scales from the What Is Happening In This Class (WIHIC) questionnaire and the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) and self-handicapping were conducted with and without control for academic efficacy. Results showed that classroom environment scales accounted for appreciable proportions of variance in self-handicapping beyond that attributable to academic efficacy. Enhanced affective dimensions of the classroom environment were associated with reduced levels of self-handicapping. Commonality analyses revealed that the WIHIC scales accounted for a much greater proportion of variance in self-handicapping that did the CLES scales. 相似文献
11.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(2):131-142
ABSTRACT The authors attempted to examine how Taiwanese junior high school students’ perfectionistic tendencies and implicit theories of intelligence were related to their academic emotions and approach versus avoidance self-regulation, and to determine differences in contingent self-worth, emotions, and self-regulation among students with different subtypes of perfectionism. A total of 481 8th-grade Taiwanese students completed a self-reported survey assessing their perfectionistic tendencies, implicit theories of intelligence, academic emotions, behavioral self-regulation, and use of self-handicapping strategies. Results suggested that adaptive perfectionism enabled adolescents to experience positive emotions and to engage in behavioral self-regulation, whereas maladaptive perfectionism was positively associated with negative emotions and self-handicapping. In addition, the incremental theory of intelligence predicted positive affect and constructive coping. By contrast, the entity theory was positively correlated with negative emotions and self-handicapping. The authors also documented profiles of students with different perfectionistic tendencies. Findings showed that in general adaptive perfectionists displayed the healthiest emotions and self-regulatory styles. Implications for education and further research are discussed. 相似文献
12.
We tested the interaction between task value and self-efficacy on defensive pessimism, academic cheating, procrastination and self-handicapping among 574 Korean 11th graders in the context of English as a foreign language. We hypothesised that perceiving high value in tasks or domains for which self-efficacy was low would pose a threat to perceived self-worth, leading students to resort to various maladaptive achievement strategies. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that, consistent with our hypothesis, the relationships of task value with academic cheating and procrastination depended on the level of self-efficacy. Perceiving high intrinsic value positively predicted academic cheating for students with low self-efficacy but not for students with high self-efficacy. Likewise, perceiving intrinsic or utility value positively predicted procrastination for students with low self-efficacy but not for students with high self-efficacy. Our findings support the major tenets of self-worth theory. 相似文献
13.
学业自我设限研究回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自我设限自1978年由Berglas和Jones提出以来深受心理学界的关注,目前,其研究在教育领域得到广泛重视。本文梳理了国内外有关学业自我设限的最新文献,主要从学业自我设限的概念、测量、前因变量、结果变量这几个方面对其研究进行了回顾,并展望了未来研究的主要方向。 相似文献
14.
薛扬文 《江苏广播电视大学学报》2013,(2):32-36
学生积极学业情绪的培养和引导,不仅可以缓解学业自我妨碍行为,还可以提高学生学业自我效能感和成就感,提升课堂学习的质量和教学水平。因此,要提高学生积极学业情绪的调节和管控能力,激发积极学习情绪,促进学生全面综合发展。 相似文献
15.
The authors conducted a correlational study to investigate the relations among seventh-grade Turkish students’ cheating behavior, academic self-efficacy beliefs, usage of self-handicapping strategies, personal goal orientations, and classroom goal structures specific to the science domain. The Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales was administered to 1,950 seventh-grade students enrolled in 12 public schools. The authors conducted hierarchical linear modeling analyses to measure to what extent personal and contextual factors can be used to predict students’ cheating behavior. Analyses revealed that although students’ cheating behavior was positively predicted by performance-approach goals, it was negatively predicted by mastery goals. Students who used more self-handicapping strategies and who were less self-efficacious were also more likely to demonstrate cheating behavior. The authors found that the mastery goal–structured science-learning environment, in which understanding the material and self-improvement was emphasized, discouraged cheating. 相似文献
16.
We study the effects of homeschool background and time use on academic performance among students at Patrick Henry College, a private religious institution with a 63-credit core classical liberal arts curriculum. Using ordinary least squares regression analysis, we examine four research questions: (1) Does time use influence academic performance? (2) Do homeschooled students perform differently than traditionally schooled students? (3) Does parental education moderate the impact of homeschooling on academic performance? (4) Does homeschooling moderate the impact of ACT scores on academic performance? 相似文献
17.
In this article, we analyse the organisation of the doctorate in communication sciences in the context of the overall discussion on the changing organisation of doctoral studies in Switzerland. We focus on three tensions which appear central for the field, namely the employment status of doctoral students, the importance of academic vs. professional training and, finally, the organisation of doctoral studies and the possibilities and difficulties in the introduction of a graduate school model. Our results show that in this field the doctorate has to be considered more as an orientation period, where professional and academic training coexist and where there is an extremely high diversity of objectives, activities and organisation forms, both between universities and individual students. This model is surprisingly well adapted to the situation of a field characterised by high internal diversity, rather low research intensity and strong orientation to application. Reforms like the introduction of graduate schools or the reinforcement of academic training have thus to be implemented with some care. 相似文献
18.
University entry is a time of great change for students. The extent to which students are able to effectively navigate such change likely has an impact on their success in university. In the current study, we examined this by way of adaptability, the extent to which students’ adaptability is associated with their behavioural engagement at university, and the extent to which both are associated with subsequent academic achievement. A conceptual model reflecting this pattern of predicted relations was developed and tested using structural equation modelling. First-year undergraduate students (N = 186) were surveyed for their adaptability and behavioural engagement at the beginning of their first year. Following this, students’ academic achievement was obtained from university records at the end of Semester 1 and 2 of first-year university. Findings showed that adaptability was associated with greater positive behavioural engagement (persistence, planning, and task management) and lower negative behavioural engagement (disengagement and self-handicapping). Moreover, negative behavioural engagement was found to inversely predict academic achievement in Semester 1, which predicted academic achievement in Semester 2. The educational implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
19.
对某研究型大学2006届本科毕业生的定量研究表明:女生的大学学业成绩优于男生,农村学生的大学学业成绩优于城镇学生,高考成绩好的学生大学学业成绩也好;对绝大部分专业而言,性别特征能够有效预测大学学业成绩,部分专业的高考成绩也能有效预测大学学业成绩。 相似文献
20.
We have conducted action research involving an instructional intervention over a 20-year period. This has demonstrated that spatial ability influences academic performance in engineering, and can be increased through instruction focused on using perception and mental imagery in three-dimensional representation. Prior to our intervention, the first-year engineering graphics course at our university had a failure rate of 36% for all engineering students and failure rates of 80% for African students studying at our university. Similar high failure rates were reported in engineering drawing and design courses at other Southern African universities, and similar association between low scores on tests of spatial ability and academic performance, suggesting that the problem was one encountered by many engineering students, not just by students at our university. Over the initial 2 years of the intervention, pass rates for the first-year engineering graphics course increased from 64 to 76%. With further changes in teaching, and the training of senior students as tutors to support the lecturing and practical activities provided in the course, the pass rates have risen to 88% annually, over a period in which the composition of the first-year student has become increasingly diverse, with greater numbers of students entering the university from disadvantaged educational backgrounds. The instructional model we have used is based on Piagetian principles, and confirms Piaget's theories with respect to the trainability of spatial ability in adulthood. Our findings suggest the importance of early identification of students with difficulty, as well as the potential value of an intervention aimed at training the processes involved in visualization through three-dimensional modelling and representation of objects. While spatial ability appears to be trainable through the methods we have developed, our research also indicates that level of spatial ability at time of intake to university is an important influence on academic performance, suggesting the value of instruction in visualization and three-dimensional representation at school level. Social factors are also important influences on academic performance, suggesting the value of tutorial-based interventions aimed at improving spatial ability in those university and technikon courses for which visualization and three-dimensional representation are a requirement. 相似文献