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1.
This paper compares the Canadian and Chinese national strategies for digital records by the aspects of the term national, the status of digital records and their management, and the key features of the newly developed strategies of the two countries. By doing so, it aims at revealing best practices and/or lessons learned that are instructive to a wider information community for application and adaptation, irrespective of the existence of certain political and administrative differences. The comparison revealed one similarity that both countries recognize the lack of qualified professionals for discharging the duties of managing digital records, yet a number of distinctions in areas such as records focus, relationships between the development of the strategies and academic input, dedication of records management, and the role of national archives. It concludes that there are areas about which the countries can learn from each other, which applies in particular to Canada. 相似文献
2.
新形势下,面对关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题的挑战,系统提升我国科技研究的整体水平迫在眉睫。然而,我国现有知识创新生态研究的基本思路仍是以“大学、企业、政府”构成的“三螺旋”框架,无法体现新时代多元化主体、多样化路径、多种创新模式的平行共存与协同演化特征,致使研究者破题“卡脖子”难题时缺乏整合性视角与适用性框架的支撑。本研究基于知识创新范式转型背景下影响我国以系统工具解决“卡脖子”问题的核心挑战,深入探究新时代“模式3”知识创新“多重螺旋”（N-tuple helices）生态系统的主体特征与拓扑结构。以之为基础,讨论系统性提升我国科研创新能力,应对“卡脖子”挑战的可行路径与具体措施。 相似文献
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Knowledge management (KM) in project-based organizations has received substantial attention in recent years, as knowledge processes are insufficiently supported within the organization as a whole. This study specifically focuses on the project actor’s role in managing knowledge. From an actor’s perspective, the problems raised by knowledge embeddedness are identified as a key issue to link project knowledge and organizational knowledge. A conceptual framework is developed that addresses three different aspects of knowledge embeddedness: a relational dimension, a temporal dimension and a structural dimension. Three cases are studied, covering varying forms of organizations in different areas (a consulting firm, an R&D department and an industrial business unit). The results concerning the relational dimension indicate that project actors re-build the network of relationships supporting knowledge. Regarding the temporal dimension, and specifically in their professional field, actors frame professional knowledge related to their project experience. However, actors fail to surmount the problems raised by the structural dimension of knowledge embeddedness. The resulting recommendations for KM concern both Human Resource Management practices and organizational design. 相似文献
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Little is known about how human resource practices contribute towards the competitiveness of people based-knowledge intensive organisations in developing countries. This paper examines the role of human resource practices in developing knowledge and learning capabilities for innovation in the Indian information technology services sector. The study draws from the experience of a sample of 11 of the largest information technology service providers (ITSPs) in India and is based on in-depth interviews. The main finding suggests that the talent management architecture of ITSPs that comprises human resource practices and the development of knowledge and learning capabilities is the main drivers of innovation. A conceptual framework showing the link between human resource practices, knowledge and learning capabilities and innovation of ITSPs is developed followed by the limitations of the study and avenues for future research. 相似文献
6.
知识创新视野下的大学信息政策体系构建 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大学是知识创新的核心主体之一,大学信息政策对于大学的知识创新与发展起着重要的引导和牵引作用。基于国家信息政策法律的规范,国外大学纷纷制订了内容丰富而多样化的信息政策,以合理开发利用信息资源与信息技术,促进知识创新,而国内大学的信息政策制订与研究则尚未引起足够的重视。因而,应当在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,构建我国的大学信息政策体系。 相似文献
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Garrety K 《Social studies of science》1997,27(5):727-773
Knowledge which links dietary fat and cholesterol to coronary heart disease (CHD) has been controversial for more than forty years. While policies advocating fat and cholesterol restriction are now deeply ingrained in affluent western societies, the scientific 'facts' on which they are supposedly based are highly contested. Applying concepts from actor-network theory and the symbolic interactionist social worlds approach, I argue that knowledge and dietary recommendations relating to cholesterol, fat and CHD are the outcome of complex social negotiations which can only be understood in their cultural, commercial and political contexts. Policies were framed in the 1960s before 'proof' of their efficacy was available. Since then, ambiguous experimental results have been shaped to support the policies. I argue that, despite its many attractive features, actor-network theory cannot adequately deal with protracted controversies. Social worlds theory provides a much more useful framework for investigating long debates in which the 'facts' remain elusive. 相似文献
8.
Knowledge conversion is a prominent theme within the knowledge management field and the question arises how knowledge creation processes can grow innovation capability maturity. This notion provides the platform for aligning knowledge creation processes to the requirements for innovation capability growth from one maturity level to the next. In order to achieve this alignment, the authors identified a knowledge creation path as a key enabler for maturity growth in each innovation capability area. Knowledge management tools and organisational facilitating conditions that support the specific knowledge processes highlighted in the identified path were identified through a literature study and subsequently synthesised to form a framework. This framework provides guidelines for the use of knowledge creation processes as a vehicle to improve innovation. The amount of time needed to practically test the framework does not allow for the practical implementation of the framework and the impact of the framework was demonstrated by discussing a practical organisational scenario. 相似文献
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21世纪技术创新已成为加速国民经济发展,提高核心竞争力和实施可持续发展战略的重要手段。各国政府纷纷采取相应对策,引导、促进本国的技术创新。他山之石,可以攻玉。我们从理论上阐述政府干预技术创新的必要性,重点对西方国家政府干预技术创新的手段进行分析,揭示其共性和成功经验,从而为现阶段我国政府在技术创新中如何进行有效干预提供有益启示。 相似文献
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Many researchers who have investigated healthcare organizations have indicated that healthcare professionals are likely to be burdened with outdated knowledge. Researchers have argued that knowledge underpins the practices and routines that workers engage in. In some cases, this knowledge is explicit but it may also be embedded in the structure of practices, technological systems, and encoded in the habits and beliefs and assumptions of individuals providing healthcare services. In this paper, we focus on the need for creating an organizational context that enables the questioning of established knowledge, habits, beliefs and assumptions as a prerequisite to identifying inappropriate or obsolete knowledge underpinning and/or embedded in existing practices and routines. The framework is customized and consists of three constituent components: (1) a framework characterizing the lens through which individuals view situations; (2) a framework for characterizing how individual habits change, and (3) a framework for characterizing the manner in which emergent understandings are consolidated into existing knowledge and knowledge structures. 相似文献
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文中提出了在中国发展知识经济的充分条件是和平的国际环境和稳定的国内环境，以及政府应采取一系列始终如一的正确方针政策和法规措施：精兵简政，削制减权，体制创新：中止经济休克疗法，全面整顿财政金融，建立经济新秩序；用好财政转移支付政策，促进区域经济协调发展；采用绿色核算制度，走可持续发展之路；建立公民财产申报登记制度，加大反腐力度，采取综合措施，促进国家经济形势发生根本性好转，为在中国发展知识经济奠定良好的基础和创造充分的条件。 相似文献
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科技社团是国家创新体系建设的重要依托力量,对落实创新驱动、推进创新发展具有重要意义,但现有评估实践缺乏针对性和全球视野,难以为中国科技社团发展提供更高水平的参照。研究借鉴社会组织绩效评估研究成果及相关实践,运用扎根理论的方法以国际一流学会案例及30家社团负责人访谈资料为基础,深入剖析了世界一流科技社团综合能力的内涵,并以SPO模型为逻辑参照从组织力、凝聚力、影响力三要素出发设计三级指标体系,以期构建世界一流科技社团综合能力评估框架,通过对标世界一流提升中国科技社团治理能力。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):85-100
Knowledge management (KM) approaches have developed traditionally from the knowledge-based view (KBV), a derivative of the resource-based view (RBV). Drawing on the relational and industry structure views, this paper presents a framework for analysing knowledge management practices in the biotechnology industry. These firms exhibit sophisticated and strategic KM practices and deploy a range of strategies in leveraging competitive advantage through their intellectual property practices. The paper demonstrates that the current KBV needs to be modified and extended to reflect current KM practice within Australian biotechnology firms through examining their use and management of intellectual property. 相似文献
14.
Knowledge processes (knowledge creation, retention, and sharing) are influenced by organizational structure, and governance and coordination mechanisms. While project-based organizational structures facilitate knowledge creation; they can hinder knowledge retention and sharing without adequate governance mechanisms. Drawing from the knowledge management and knowledge governance literatures, this paper proposes knowledge governance mechanisms – consensus-based hierarchy, shared human resource practices, and performance measures and output control – that promote knowledge processes in project-based organizations (PBOs). The functioning of knowledge governance is described in a Japanese PBO, Maekawa Manufacturing Ltd. Although the case indicates that both soft and hard dimensions of knowledge governance support knowledge processes, soft dimensions are prioritized in this particular organization. Some implications and suggestions for further research are given. 相似文献
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高端装备制造业是我国的七大战略性新兴产业之一，国家出台了一系列创新政策支持其发展。本文收集了2006-2017年间高端装备制造业的67项创新政策以及专利数量、新产品销售收入等数据，通过量化评估政策文本、构建结构方程模型等方法研究创新政策对专利数量、新产品销售收入等创新产出的影响，结果发现，第一，技术创新规划、研究开发活动、产业化活动等对专利产出、新产品销售收入等具有不同程度的推动作用；第二，我国高端装备制造业创新政策已经走出宏观勾画轮廓的初级阶段，趋向于专业化和精细化；第三，创新政策存在着对科技成果转化重视不足、核心部门联合颁发的政策较少、力度不强等问题。 相似文献
16.
广东省科技服务业发展激励政策体系的构建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
阐述科技服务业激励政策的涵义、研究目的和意义,分析科技服务业激励政策的现状、存在的问题及原因,提出构建科技服务业激励政策体系的模型以及政策措施和要点。 相似文献
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英语语言知识是英语学习的基础,也是提升学生英语应用能力的关键。英语语言中承载了知识、文化、价值观及情感、过程方法等多方面内容,在提升学生英语基础知识掌握水平的同时,也能影响学生的情感态度变化和良好价值观的形成,使其获取很多语言教学以外的内容,促进学生的全面发展。因此,对以英语语言知识为载体的教学的研究具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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知识价值化与网上技术交易是"大众创业、万众创新"的实践形式,本文根据无形资产网络在线交易过程的特点,从网站用户掌握选择权和话语权的现实出发,对众包模式的第三方在线交易平台进行了组织响应过程的系统分析。从体现知识产品生产、过滤、传播和评价等几个方面对知识资源的有效配置和众包平台网站的服务响应机制进行关联分析,并通过多层次比较分析的因素量化方法确定众包服务的指标权重,反映组织响应各种因素对知识价值化的重要程度,为第三方知识服务和平台网站的职能模块设计的权重分配提供参考。 相似文献
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回族老字号在近百年发展过程中,依靠内部的技术传承和经营理念促进了品牌发展壮大。基于239份回族老字号数据调查表明,企业内部知识共享与品牌进化显著相关,企业内部知识共享以品牌进化作为中介变量提高营销绩效。由此,企业品牌进化管理应重视内部知识资源积累;在企业内部构建知识共享机制,促进品牌进化知识交流;加强团队建设,促进品牌管理团队知识共享。 相似文献
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项目知识共享体系的构建与测量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在回顾国内外知识共享研究的基础上,以建筑施工项目为实例,分析了项目知识共享的本质与内涵,构建了项目知识共享体系。认为项目知识共享应当由项目内部知识共享、项目间知识共享以及组织级知识共享三部分组成,并设计了相应的测量工具。通过对建筑施工企业从事项目管理及相关工作的308名人员进行实证问卷调查,并经过测算分析,验证了测量量表的可靠性和有效性。 相似文献