共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Adriaan M. Verspoor 《Prospects》1991,21(3):311-329
Chief of the Education and Employment Division in the World Bank's Population and Human Resources Department. Prior to joining
the Bank, he worked for UNESCO and UNICEF in Africa. He has published extensively on educational planning and management;
he is co-author, with Marlaine Lockheed, of Improving Primary Education in Developing Countries: A Review of Policy Options. 相似文献
2.
20世纪90年代以来，受经济变化的影响，日本政府对科学技术政策、高等教育政策进行了一系列的改革，而且这些改革与产学研合作是紧密相连的。随着《科学技术基本计划》和国立大学法人化的实施．日本大学的产学合作呈现出了新的形势：向机构与机构之间的，即以大学为单位的、更加广泛的合作交流发展。包括产学研合作在内的一系列的高等教育改革的倾向是，逐渐偏离大学应该遵守的“学问自由、大学自治”的基本准则，趋向经济效益的追求。从文部科学省分离出来的国立大学因此就可能成为经济界、产业界的附庸，这正是所有倡导学问自由、追求大学自治的人士所担心的重大问题。 相似文献
3.
Morshidi Bin Sirat 《Higher Education》2010,59(4):461-473
In Malaysia, the national government has seen fit to steer higher education policy in a direction that is in the ‘national
interest’. This notion of ‘national interest’ is best exemplified by the changing relationship between the State, higher education
institutions and the market. Since the late 1960s, we saw the gradual but steady erosion of university autonomy with the increasing
dominance of the State. The recently launched National Higher Education Strategic Plan 2020 and the National Higher Education
Action Plan, 2007–2010, which operationalised the Strategic Plan, promises greater autonomy for the universities. While this
increased autonomy for universities could be regarded as Malaysia’s response to deal with emerging issues in higher education
management and governance, the amendments to the University and University Colleges Act, 1995 have not resolved the issue
of wider autonomy from the Malaysian treasury regulations for public universities. For the State, in the present climate of
political and economic uncertainty, giving full autonomy to the public universities is seen to be inappropriate and untimely.
The State considers public universities as still heavily dependent on the State for resources, and thus the need for regulation
and supervision. 相似文献
4.
A significant global trend during the 1990s is the restructuring of higher education systems. The essence of this restructuring process is a redefinition of the relationship between institutions of higher learning, the state, and the market, and a drastic reduction of institutional autonomy. This article is an analysis of the restructuring process in the forms of privatisation of higher education and corporatisation of public universities in Malaysia. This analysis highlights the context of higher education reforms in the era of globalization, major trends in higher education reforms and Malaysias responses to these global trends. By focusing on the institutional level, this article examines the expansion and diversification of private higher education as well as the change in the governance and culture of public universities brought about by privatisation and corporatisation. 相似文献
5.
Muhammad K. Mayanja 《Higher Education》1998,36(1):21-41
The social background of Makerere students was analysed in order to gain some insight in the distribution of scarce higher education opportunities in Uganda and assess the ability of the students to finance part of their education cost in the process of massifying higher education without diluting the quality of instruction. The findings were that students from well to-do learned families in the more prosperous districts were enjoying the existing performance based subsidies (PBS) and the privately sponsored places and programs (PSPP) which Makerere University had introduced. The interaction of the social and school system acted to reinforce the inequalities at all stages starting from family background, the primary and secondary schools as well as the universities under the present PBS system of admission.The study recommends that while government must remain with the primary responsibility to fund higher education, the public subsidy should become more sensitive to equity and if need be introduced to cost sharing with capacity for positive discrimination. In order to implement this, the existing PBS should gradually be replaced by an equity based subsidy (EBS) starting with 50% of the funds. The funds for EBS should be allocated to the districts which should develop capacity for identification of the most needy students to get the EBS awards. Students from low income families should compete for both PBS at national level and EBS at their district levels. A loan scheme is also recommended for students who may not be sponsored under PBS and EBS as well as for living expenses which should be assumed by the beneficiaries. 相似文献
6.
Thierry Chevaillier 《Higher Education》2001,41(1-2):49-75
In France, where most higher education institutions are in the public sector, permanent academic staff at universities and other higher education institutions are tenured and enjoy a broad individual autonomy. The number of staff on short-term contracts is limited. Most part-time staff are drawn from professionals, business executives, and administrators – in both the public and private sectors. In recent decades, the number of teaching-only faculty expanded rapidly as tenured secondary school teachers were transferred to higher education institutions. As universities have acquired some autonomy, especially in academic matters, recruitment and promotion of staff combine elements of centralisation at the national level with local processes. Some degree of pay differentiation has been introduced through a growing use of supplementary compensation. As the system evolves toward increased self-governance of institutions, the autonomy enjoyed by the faculty is seen by administrators as an obstacle to the development of institutional policies. 相似文献
7.
20世纪90年代以来,日本进行了高等教育市场化改革。进入21世纪,日本高等教育市场化改革更加频繁和深入,推行了国立大学法人化、事后监督制度和认证评价制度等改革措施。这些改革措施的目的在于通过"放宽对大学的限制"和"让大学具有像民间机构一样的活力"来增加大学的自主性和自律性,在高等教育领域引进市场竞争机制。但是,这些改革的实际影响却并非一定符合改革的初衷,而改革的很多副作用也在改革实施之后渐渐显现出来。 相似文献
8.
Rogers Kaliisa Edward Palmer Julia Miller 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(2):546-561
The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast characteristics of use and adoption of mobile learning in higher education in developed and developing countries. A comparative case study based on a survey questionnaire was conducted with 189 students (undergraduate and postgraduate) from Makerere University in Uganda and the University of Adelaide in Australia. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was employed as the theoretical framework. The results indicated that higher education students in developed and developing countries use a range of technologies for learning, with major differences between Uganda and Australia. The study concludes that mobile learning in higher education in developed and developing country contexts is still at an experimental stage with students using mobile devices in pedagogically limited ways. 相似文献
9.
Tom Christensen 《Higher Education》2011,62(4):503-517
University governance reforms are very much a reflection of the broader New Public Management reforms that are focusing on
increasing efficiency in public organizations. The article deals with how university reform ideas of a generic nature, emphasizing
that universities should be treated and reformed like any other public organizations, are important and reflected in specific
reform measures. The special empirical focus is on that universities through reforms are changing their formal affiliation
to superior ministries in a more autonomous direction, implicating more autonomy in financial, management and decision-making
matters. One the other hand, universities are also through reforms more exposed to more report, scrutiny and control systems,
financial incentive systems, pressure to get resources from other sources than the government, cut-back management, etc. So
a main question in the analysis is whether universities, as traditionally having quite a lot of real autonomy, through the
reforms in fact are getting less autonomy, not more, like the reforms entrepreneurs often are promising. The analysis is based
on a transformational approach from organization theory, representing a combination of structural, cultural and environmental
factors of explanation for reforms processes and their effects. Empirically the article is based on the author’s own empirical
studies of university reform and reviews of comparative studies. 相似文献
10.
自20世纪60年代开始,智利政府在国内推行经济改革的同时,对原有的高等教育体制进行了重大改革,并取得了显著的成效。智利通过大力发展私立教育,确立了私立教育主导型的办学模式;通过多渠道筹措经费和实行教育成本回收制度,较好地解决了教育经费投入不足的问题;通过制定和完善教育法,以法律的方式保障了大学的自主权;通过设立高等教育全国理事会,加强了对高等教育质量的监控与评估。 相似文献
11.
韩国高考改革的动向及启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
20世纪80年代以来,韩国高等院校入学制度经过几次重要的变革:大学入学考试形式发生重大变化,试图推进个性化教育;入学考试将由大学自主并由大学负责人组成的“入学管理院”负责;新生录取方式采取不公布大学入学考试成绩等。韩国高考改革所采取的措施和遇到的问题值得我们借鉴和参考。 相似文献
12.
传统计划经济体制下,我国公立高等学校属于从事教育活动的事业单位,具有鲜明的"国家公共性"特征。从经济方面考虑而赋予公立高等学校以自主权的改革路径,在必要的监督缺位的情况下使得公立高等学校超越了其原本所受的公共性的制约。内部自律的软弱和外部监督的缺失使得我国公立高等学校开始呈现出一种公共性的迷失状态。从教育的基本属性和功能来说,将高校定位于第三部门可能使其从公共权力领域的完全控制下解放出来。 相似文献
13.
Ka-Ho Mok 《高等教育研究与发展》2003,22(2):117-129
Globalisation and the evolution of the knowledge-based economy have caused dramatic changes in the character and functions of higher education in most countries around the world. However, the impacts of globalisation on universities are not uniform even though similar business-like practices have been adopted to cope with competition in the global marketplace. The pressure for restructuring and reforming higher education is mainly derived from growing expectations and demands of different stakeholders in society. In the last decade, government bureaucracy, public service institutions and higher education institutions and universities have been significantly affected by the tidal wave of the public sector reform around the world. Apart from improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public services, universities are confronted with a situation in which the principles of financial accountability and responsiveness to stakeholders prevail amidst the massification stage under the condition of global economic retrenchment. In response to such pressing demands for change, policies and strategies of decentralisation, privatisation and marketisation are becoming increasingly popular measures in university governance. Reform strategies and measures like quality assurance, performance evaluation, financial audit, corporate management and market competition are adopted to reform and improve the performance of the higher education sector. This article examines the most recent higher education reforms and restructuring in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China, with particular reference to the issues related to globalisation of decentralisation and marketisation in higher education. 相似文献
14.
开放大学是在以现代信息技术为支撑,以实体综合性大学为依托,在开放的公共教育环境下以满足学习者各种类型及层次的教育需求为目标,既坚持高等教育学历提升,又积极推进非学历继续教育及公共教育服务支持的开放性高等教育机构。作为一种新型的高等教育机构,开放大学促进了世界高等教育的民主化和公平化,也将终身教育的理念推行至实处。开放大学的质量保障涉及多个因素,要在学生、教师、课程和良好的师生互动等方面进行严格把关。开放大学不仅仅应该充当一种新型的教育机构,更应该成为一种无形的教育理念贯穿于有形的教育机构中。鼓励开放大学与传统大学走向融合,这将会为高等教育全民化的到来作出更大的贡献。 相似文献
15.
de la Torre Eva M. Gómez-Sancho José-María Perez-Esparrells Carmen 《Tertiary Education and Management》2017,23(3):206-221
New public management and increasing levels of competition driven by global rankings are bringing the managerial practices of public and private higher education institutions closer together. However, these two types of institutions still maintain different objectives and traditions and enjoy different degrees of autonomy that are reflected in their internal organisational structures. We study the relative efficiency and productivity performance of private and public universities in Spain through two adaptations of the Malmquist Index. Results show that, in 2009/2010, the greater flexibility of private universities meant a better adjustment between inputs and outputs in the private sector. However, in 2013/2014, public universities had caught up with private universities. Because of the economic crisis, the inputs of public universities have decreased, but this decrease had not fully impacted their results in 2013/2014. 相似文献
16.
17.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(4):112-126
ABSTRACTThe world over, drastic transformation of higher education systems is presenting universities with significant opportunities and challenges. Accordingly, universities need highly effective decision-making systems through which they can adopt the decisions they need to reap the opportunities whilst avoiding the challenges associated with transformation. At Makerere University (MU), Uganda, however, decision-making is ineffective, which is affecting the university’s ability to respond to the opportunities and challenges its transformed environment is presenting. Informed by the propositions of Systems Theory as they apply to organisational decision-making, therefore, decision-makers’ perceptions of the university’s decision-making process were surveyed to ascertain whether there is cooperation, hierarchy, order and feedback among the units involved in the process. It was found that although the process is hierarchical, it is marred by uncooperativeness, disorder and poor feedback mechanisms. To enhance decision success, therefore, MU is urged to review its decision-making process to ensure that the units involved therein operate synergistically. 相似文献
18.
There is increasing evidence that the pressures on British universities for greater quality and accountability, linked closely to funding, are leading to loss of quality. These governmental pressures, exerted through the Funding Councils, are wholly different from those applied in a quite separate way from another government source, the Employment Department. This article analyses the nature and effects of the two kinds of pressures in terms of change theory. This also demonstrates that the observed effects were not only largely predictable but to a substantial extent were predicted, and warns of the danger that the resulting deleterious effects may become irreversible.Lewis Elton obtained an M.A. in Mathematics at Cambridge University and a B.Sc. in Mathematics and a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics at the University of London. He is a Further and Higher Education Adviser to the UK Employment Department and Emeritus Professor of Higher Education at the University of Surrey. His special interests are in the improvement of university teaching and learning; staff development; distance learning; and organizational change in higher education. Pat Cryer obtained a B.Sc. in Mathematics and Physics at the University of Exeter and a Ph.D. in Educational Development at the University of Surrey. She has recently resigned as Professional Adviser of the UK Universities' Staff Development Unit and is now a Consultant in Higher Education. Her special interests are in issues of quality; staff development; and teaching large classes.The opinions expressed in this paper are our own and do not commit the Employment Department. 相似文献
19.
Carlos Alberto Torres 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2013,23(3):177-197
Neoliberalism has utterly failed as a viable model of economic development, yet the politics of culture associated with neoliberalism is still in force, becoming the new common sense shaping the role of government and education. This ‘common sense’ has become an ideology playing a major role in constructing hegemony as moral and intellectual leadership in contemporary societies. Neoliberal globalisation, predicated on the dominance of the market over the state and on deregulatory models of governance, has deeply affected the university in the context of ‘academic capitalism’. The resulting reforms, rationalised as advancing international competitiveness, have affected public universities in four primary areas: efficiency and accountability, accreditation and universalisation, international competitiveness and privatisation. There is also growing resistance to globalisation as top-down-imposed reforms reflected in the public debates about schooling reform, curriculum and instruction, teacher training and school governance. Many question whether neoliberal reforms attempt to limit the effectiveness of universities as sites of contestation of the national and global order and thus undermine the broader goals of education. Neoliberal reforms have limited access and opportunity along class and racial lines, including limiting access to higher education through the imposition of higher tuition and reduced government support to institutions and individuals. 相似文献
20.
Oscar Espinoza 《Journal of moral education》2017,46(4):435-448
This article examines the principal arguments found in the work of Paulo Freire concerning policy and ethics in the field of higher education in Latin America. It critically analyzes the university reform in Latin America dominated by the thought and practice promoted by various international financial institutions (such as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank [IDB]) beginning in the 1980s and then looks at the feasibility of an alternative Freirian view. The work of Paulo Freire celebrated the liberating role that public university education should play in the training of citizens and professionals, that is with a critical and ethical conscience, committed to the needs of the locality, region and the world. All this is in clear opposition to what has happened to Latin American universities, influenced by neo-liberal reforms over the last decades. 相似文献