共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
2.
运动员适宜焦虑区间研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
测试了运动员在赛前及赛中的竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI-2)的分数、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇及睾酮的变化。结果显示,去甲肾上腺素、睾酮及皮质醇指标与CSAI-2焦虑分数的变化保持一致,去甲肾上腺素可以作为反映运动焦虑水平的有效指标,睾酮和皮质醇可以作为反映运动焦虑水平的可靠指标;结果不支持运动员的适宜焦虑区间为±1/2标准差的适宜作用区间假设;结果认为,运动员的适宜焦虑区间可用实力正常发挥时的平均焦虑分数±实力正常发挥范围内的焦虑Z分数来确定。 相似文献
3.
本文将重点论述与运动时糖和脂肪等能源物质的供给有关的部分激素。一、运动、训练与儿茶酚胺儿茶酚胺是去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素的总称。前者主要由交感神经的节后纤维末端分泌,是交感神经的化学递质;后者由肾上腺髓质分泌。它们都具有促进脂肪动员、肝糖元分解、加怏心率和升高血压的作用。一 相似文献
4.
通过一些最简单、无创性的方法及时检测田径运动员的身体机能状况及对训练负荷的适应性,防止过度疲劳的发生是保证运动员训练质量提高的必要条件。本研究在冬训期间（室内田径锦标赛前2个月）对4名400m健将级运动员进行系统地机能监控,监控指标包括尿去甲肾上腺素、简易问卷、脑电、定量负荷实验、肌肉力量测试,意在通过神经系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统、肌肉系统及心理的变化情况来综合评定运动员的机能状态,在平时训练过程中的监控尽量做到无创、简单,做到及时发现问题、及时反馈信息、及时提出建议及解决方案。研究结果表明：对于田径运动员：（1）去甲肾上腺素是一个很好的训练适应性监控指标,在恢复期去甲肾上腺素下降越多,说明运动员对前阶段的训练负荷适应越好,在随后的训练中可以提高训练负荷;反之,在恢复期去甲肾上腺素升高的越多,说明运动员对前阶段的训练负荷没有适应。在随后的训练中需要减少训练负荷,增加恢复;（2）简易问卷从神经系统。肌肉系统、心理状态等几方面来反应运动员的机能状态。其分值可以作为一较简单的指标用于运动员的日常疲劳监控。（3）尿去甲。肾上腺素、简易问卷分值、脑电、定量负荷试验、肌肉力量测试结果的综合评定能较好地、全面地反映运动员的机能状态,防止过度疲劳的发生。 相似文献
5.
目的:通过大鼠跑台试验,了解运动前肌糖原储备不同对大鼠血激素变化的影响.方法:88只6周龄Srague-Dwley大鼠,经处理分为正常(n=40)、低肌糖组(n=40)和空白对照组(n=8),经过坡度零,速度18m/min,时长120min的跑台运动.分别在运动30min,120min,运动后3h,运动后6h时宰杀.结果:运动引起血清胰岛素、瘦素、血浆去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素在运动30min就上升到了峰值.组内差异具有统计学意义,但组间差异并不具有显著性意义.生长激素在组内差异不具有统计学意义,但组间差异具有统计学意义.结论:运动时,运动前肌糖原差异对大鼠生长激素水平的影响深刻,而对胰岛素、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和瘦素的影响小. 相似文献
6.
运动期间激素的变化运动期间交感肾上腺内分泌系统与神经的活动增加了,从而磷苯二酚胺、去甲肾上腺素血浆浓度也相应地增加。这一增加对运动中心血管适应性的变化和温度调节是至关重要的。心率和心脏收缩力的提高,使内脏部位的动脉收缩力、肾脏平滑肌,以及静脉的收缩力都有提高。同时脾脏也得到了收缩。这样心脏血液的输出量增加了,血液容量和流量朝着有利于皮肤 相似文献
7.
8.
唾液淀粉酶是评价运动员心理应激状况的可用性指标 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在运动训练实践中,迅速、客观地对运动员机能状况进行评价是体育科学科研工作者所追求的目标.迄今为止,运动员心理应激状况的生化评定大多采用血液学指标,如肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇等等,这些指标由于采样时有损伤,难以对运动员进行持续观察. 相似文献
9.
第二章在身体负荷时激素的总效应无论对于控制特有的内环境稳定反应,还是对于扩大一般适应的机制,激素适应机制中的必要性决定了许多内分泌腺体分泌活性要有显著变化。因此,血中的激素水平,激素和细胞感受器的互相作用,激素从体內排出量都在变化。总之,激素的总效应以新的互相作用水平力目标重新建立。交感神经肾上腺系统的激素(肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素) 交感神经肾上腺系统的主要机能是动员能量储备和身体机能。所以,在肌肉活动的作用 相似文献
10.
业已确认,剧烈的体力活动和精神、情绪激动时都会使血浆儿茶酚胺含量升高。Galbo(1981)研究发现,以30％Vo_2max的强度运动时,血浆儿茶酚胺含量没有变化,尔后,随着运动强度的增加,血浆中儿茶酚胺含量呈线性的增加,而儿茶酚胺中尤以去甲肾上腺素的增加幅度明显大于肾上腺素的增加幅度。冯美慈等(1985)报告中发现,体操运动员比赛后尿中去甲肾上腺素的排出量明显高于比赛前,而训练课后尿中儿茶酚胺的排出量也增加,比赛后与的排出量间无明显差别。冯氏还发现,比赛中发挥得较好的运动员,其尿中肾上腺素的排出量较低。陈吉棣等(1982) 相似文献
11.
运动性胃肠综合症是由运动引起机体胃肠系统出现功能性紊乱的一种病症，具备发病率高、范围广、原因复杂等特点，严重影响运动员的日常训练及比赛，因此如何有效防治成为研究重点。随着人类元基因组计划的启动，大量研究表明肠道菌群在维持肠道健康方面有着十分重要的作用。相关学者以肠道菌群为靶点，研究运动性胃肠综合征的发病机制后发现保证运动员肠道菌群的多样性和丰度可有效改善其症状，成为防治运动性胃肠综合征的新方法。故本文采用文献资料等方法分析运动性胃肠综合症的发病类型、影响因素及发病机制，剖析以肠道菌群为介入点改善运动性胃肠综合征的作用机理，深入总结前人研究，为运动性胃肠综合症及其防治的相关研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
12.
骨骼肌细胞骨架蛋白和小分子热休克蛋白研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
细胞骨架蛋白是骨骼肌细胞具有重要功能的结构。中间丝蛋白desmin和膜骨架蛋白dystrophin是骨骼肌中重要的骨架蛋白 ,是研究运动性骨骼肌细胞微损伤的敏感指标。综述了近年关于骨骼肌细胞骨架蛋白和与细胞骨架蛋白损伤相关联的热休克蛋白的研究。热休克蛋白是有机体内源性保护蛋白 ,在应激条件下 ,这些蛋白合成增多 ,建立了独特的防御系统来维持细胞内蛋白的稳定 ,保证细胞的生存 ;小热休克蛋白对维持骨骼肌细胞骨架结构稳定和帮助其在损伤修复方面起关键作用。 相似文献
13.
Physical activities such as stair walking and jumping result in increased dynamic loading on the human musculoskeletal system. Use of light weight, externally attached accelerometers allows for in-vivo monitoring of the shock waves invading the human musculoskeletal system during those activities. Shock waves were measured in four subjects performing stair walking up and down, jumping in place and jumping off a fixed elevation. The results obtained show that walking down a staircase induced shock waves with amplitude of 130% of that observed in walking up stairs and 250% of the shock waves experienced in level gait. The jumping test revealed levels of the shock waves nearly eight times higher than that in level walking. It was also shown that the shock waves invading the human musculoskeletal system may be generated not only by the heel strike, but also by the metatarsal strike. To moderate the risk of degenerative joint disorders four types of viscoelastic insoles were utilized to reduce the impact generated shock waves. The insoles investigated were able to reduce the amplitude of the shock wave by between 9% and 41% depending on the insole type and particular physical activity. The insoles were more effective in the reduction of the heel strike impacts than in the reduction of the metatarsal strike impacts. In all instances, the shock attenuation capacities of the insoles tested were greater in the jumping trials than in the stair walking studies. The insoles were ranked in three groups on the basis of their shock absorbing capacity. 相似文献
14.
热休克蛋白是一组结构高度保守的多肽,几乎所有生物体受到某种额外程度的应激时都有热休克蛋白的表达,因此又称为应激蛋白.热休克蛋白赋予细胞或生物体从各种应激中恢复的能力和保护他们免遭这些应激因素的伤害.其中,表现最为明显的是热耐受能力.热休克蛋白作为一种分子伴侣,能维持细胞的正常结构.热休克蛋白在抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡中也具有重要作用.运动也能诱导心肌、骨骼肌等组织中热休克蛋白的表达,并与运动方式、运动强度密切相关,在骨骼肌中的表达表现出肌纤维特异性. 相似文献
15.
Jonathan Sinclair Katrina Taylor Andrew Greenhalgh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):65-71
Fencing is a high-intensity sport involving dynamic movements such as the lunge exposing the musculoskeletal system to high impact forces, which emphasises the importance of the shock attenuating properties of footwear as a factor in the prevention of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitudes of the transient axial impact shock experienced at the tibia between traditional fencing shoes and standard athletic footwear during the impact phase of the fencing lunge. Peak tibial shock was measured in 19 male fencers in 4 different footwear conditions using an accelerometer placed on the distal aspect of the tibia. The standard footwear (11.08 g and 8.75 g for squash and running shoe, respectively) resulted in significant (p < 0.01) reductions in peak impact shock in comparison to the traditional fencing shoes (15.93 g and 13.97 g for the Adidas and Hi-Tec shoe, respectively). No significant differences were found between the running and squash shoes (p = 0.09) or between the fencing shoes (p = 0.48). The documented reduction in impact shock found suggests that running or squash specific footwear may reduce overuse injury occurrence, indicating that there is justification for a re-design of fencing shoes. 相似文献
16.
运动负荷试验是评定人体工作能力、确定心血管机能状态常用的实验方法。其实验时间短,运动量较小,一般不易发生低血糖休克。本例受试者空腹时间过长,在逐级递增负荷运动试验后恢复期发生低血糖休克。在运动负荷试验时发生低血糖休克,须与其它原因所致的休克,尤其是心源性休克相鉴别。及时静脉注射高渗糖,可使病人迅速痊愈。长时间空腹状态应作为运动负荷试验禁忌症。 相似文献
17.
David B. Pyne Nicholas P. West Amanda J. Cox Allan W. Cripps 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(1):63-72
AbstractProbiotic supplementation has traditionally focused on gut health. However, in recent years, the clinical applications of probiotics have broadened to allergic, metabolic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Gastrointestinal health is important for regulating adaptation to exercise and physical activity. Symptoms such as nausea, bloating, cramping, pain, diarrhoea and bleeding occur in some athletes, particularly during prolonged exhaustive events. Several studies conducted since 2006 examining probiotic supplementation in athletes or highly active individuals indicate modest clinical benefits in terms of reduced frequency, severity and/or duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. The likely mechanisms of action for probiotics include direct interaction with the gut microbiota, interaction with the mucosal immune system and immune signalling to a variety of organs and systems. Practical issues to consider include medical and dietary screening of athletes, sourcing of recommended probiotics and formulations, dose–response requirements for different probiotic strains, storage, handling and transport of supplements and timing of supplementation in relation to travel and competition. 相似文献
18.
19.
蛋白尿具有肾毒性，会刺激多种炎症介质、免疫介质及细胞因子的分泌。蛋白尿属中医“尿浊”之范畴，过度运动所致的肾虚、湿热、血瘀是运动性蛋白尿产生的中医病机。蛋白尿与湿、热、瘀是运动性疲劳发生、发展的重要影响因素，是疲劳中导致肾气亏损的发生途径。提示疲劳恢复要补清并重，防治湿、热、瘀等实邪，并注意用微观指标弥补宏观辩证的不足。 相似文献
20.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):77-86
Abstract Carbohydrate ingestion can improve endurance capacity and performance. Since the 1980s, research has focused on optimizing the delivery strategies of these carbohydrates. The optimal dose of carbohydrate is still subject to debate, but recent evidence suggests that there may be a dose–response effect as long as the carbohydrate ingested is also oxidized and does not result in gastrointestinal distress. Oxidation rates of a single type of carbohydrate do not exceed 60 g·h?1. However, when multiple transportable carbohydrates are ingested (i.e. glucose and fructose), these oxidation rates can be increased significantly (up to 105 g·h?1). To achieve these high oxidation rates, carbohydrate needs to be ingested at high rates and this has often been associated with poor fluid delivery as well as gastrointestinal distress. However, it has been suggested that using multiple transportable carbohydrates may enhance fluid delivery compared with a single carbohydrate and may cause relatively little gastrointestinal distress. More research is needed to investigate the practical applications of some of the recent findings discussed in this review. 相似文献