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Scott K Powers Keith C Deruisseau John Quindry Karyn L Hamilton 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):81-94
Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed. 相似文献
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运动过程中骨骼肌产生的高水平反应物会导致肌肉损伤和肌肉功能受损，一般认为补充抗氧化剂可以保护肌肉不受损伤。无论对于运动爱好者还是专业运动员，抗氧化剂都是最常用的运动补剂之一。目前备受关注的是用额外口服抗氧化剂的方法来支持内源性防御系统，从而实现预防或减轻氧化应激、减少肌肉损伤并改善运动表现。目前有大量已发表的研究对该主题进行了讨论，大多数研究表明，抗氧化剂可以减轻运动引起的氧化应激，但大多数研究都未发现其对肌肉损伤和肌肉功能有任何影响。此外，越来越多的证据表明，抗氧化剂对健康和训练适应有消极作用。本文深入分析总结了关于活性物质（Reactive Species）在体内的作用以及服用抗氧化剂对维持健康和提高身体性能的功效的文献。 相似文献
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The idea that dietary supplements can improve athletic performance is popular among athletes. The use of antioxidant supplements is widespread among endurance athletes because of evidence that free radicals contribute to muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise. Furthermore, interest in vitamin D supplementation is increasing in response to studies indicating that vitamin D deficiency exists in athletic populations. This review explores the rationale for supplementation with both antioxidants and vitamin D and discusses the evidence to support and deny the benefits of these dietary supplements. The issue of whether athletes should use antioxidant supplements remains highly controversial. Nonetheless, at present there is limited scientific evidence to recommend antioxidant supplements to athletes or other physically active individuals. Therefore, athletes should consult with their health care professional and/or nutritionist when considering antioxidant supplementation. The issue of whether athletes should supplement with vitamin D is also controversial. While arguments for and against vitamin D supplementation exist, additional research is required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to athletes. Nevertheless, based upon the growing evidence that many athletic populations are vitamin D deficient or insufficient, it is recommended that athletes monitor their serum vitamin D concentration and consult with their health care professional and/or nutritionist to determine if they would derive health benefits from vitamin D supplementation. 相似文献
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采用文献资料法对补充外源性抗氧化剂对运动诱导的适应性变化的影响进行探讨。研究发现为了抵抗自由基的消极作用，运动爱好者常摄取外源性抗氧化剂来消除运动时产生的自由基。抗氧化剂的补充对运动带来的适应性变化有抑制作用，这可能是由于内源性细胞氧化还原状态的调节依赖于机体中复杂的自由基产生和消除系统，这些系统可以精确地调节特定的自由基。而常用的抗氧化剂不具备特异性消除自由基的能力，反而破坏了机体这些系统的调节能力，不仅消除了有害的活性氧/活性氮（ROS/RNS），还影响了细胞适应所需的相关信号。但以往研究在探讨运动或抗氧化剂对于机体氧化还原状态的影响时，没有将氧化还原状态的个体差异考虑在内。ROS/RNS浓度对运动训练适应性和运动表现具有非线性作用，运动时产生适量ROS/RNS有利于机体对运动产生良好的适应性变化，当运动时产生的ROS/RNS未达到对机体有害的浓度范围时，外源性抗氧化剂的补充可能会影响细胞适应所需的ROS / RNS相关信号，抑制机体对运动产生适应性变化。 相似文献
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运动中补充肌酸的作用机制 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过查阅近几年的文献，综述了运动中补充肌酸的作用机制。认为，肌酸作为一种能量补剂广泛应用于体育运动中；运动中补充肌酸作用的潜在机制与能量代谢等因素密切相关；肌酸可以提高运动员的肌肉力量和短时间全力运动的输出功率；补充肌酸也可能刺激氧化磷酸化，促进运动后肌糖原的积累，为补充肌酸提高耐力运动水平的理论依据；补充肌酸还可能具有直接抗氧化特性，从而延迟运动性疲劳的发生，提高机体运动能力。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):415-425
The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades ago. Since this discovery, many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact that muscular exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative stress in numerous tissues including blood and skeletal muscles. Although several tissues may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production, it is predicted that muscular contractions stimulate ROS production in active muscle fibers and that skeletal muscle is a primary source of ROS production during exercise. This contraction-induced ROS generation is associated with (1) oxidant damage in several tissues (e.g., increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation), (2) accelerated muscle fatigue, and (3) activation of biochemical signaling pathways that contribute to exercise-induced adaptation in the contracting muscle fibers. While our understanding of exercise and oxidative stress has advanced rapidly during the last decades, questions remain about whether exercise-induced increases in ROS production are beneficial or harmful to health. This review addresses this issue by discussing the site(s) of oxidant production during exercise and detailing the health consequences of exercise-induced ROS production. 相似文献
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L. Packer 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):353-363
Strenuous physical exercise induces oxidative stress. There may be a number of sources of this oxidative stress, including mitochondrial superoxide production, ischaemia-reperfusion mechanisms and auto-oxidation of catecholamines. Severe or prolonged exercise can overwhelm antioxidant defences, which include vitamins E and C and thiol antioxidants, which are interlinked in an antioxidant network, as well as antioxidant enzymes. Evidence for oxidative stress and damage during exercise comes from direct measurement of free radicals, from measurement of damage to lipids and DNA, and from measurement of antioxidant redox status, especially glutathione. There is little evidence that antioxidant supplementation can improve performance, but a large body of work suggests that bolstering antioxidant defences may ameliorate exercise-induced damage, suggesting that the benefits of antioxidant intervention may be for the long term rather than the short term. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):386-393
In the past, contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in oxidative stress to skeletal muscle. As research advances, clear evidence has revealed a more complete role of ROS under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Central to the role of ROS is the redox signaling pathways that control exercise-induced major physiologic and cellular responses and adaptations, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, mitochondrial morphologic dynamics, antioxidant defense, and inflammation. The current review focuses on how muscle contraction and immobilization may activate or inhibit redox signalings and their impact on muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and physiologic implications. 相似文献
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运动与自由基导致的氧化应激有关。抗氧化剂的外源性补充在预防和缓解运动性自由基损伤,增进抗氧化能力方面可能有积极的意义。中国学者在积极借鉴国外研究成果的基础上,形成了具有中医药特色的抗氧化剂研究之路。但如何合理选取及正确使用抗氧化剂以提高运动能力尚存在一定困难,须防止抗氧化剂在体育运动训练中的滥用。 相似文献
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采用RPE评分、运动成绩测试、心肺功能测试及心脏内分泌激素放射免疫法检测等方法对运动员心脏功能进行跟踪观察。结果表明：(1)穴位离子导入能明显改善运动员的主观感觉，提高专项成绩，改善心肺功能，降低无氧闲心率，提高有氧耐力，推迟心源性运动性疲劳的发生；(2)穴位离子导入可改善运动员心脏神经肽ET和CGRP的分泌，使之向更有利于适应运动负荷的方向发展。结论是：(1)心源性运动性疲劳的发生与多因素相关；(2)穴位离子导入能多环节、多层面地保护心肌和改善心脏功能，从而延缓疲劳产生和促进疲劳消除。 相似文献
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血红素加氧酶系统是体内重要的抗氧化酶系统,该系统可通过减少氧自由基的产生,发挥抗氧化应激作用。另外,运动性疲劳的出现导致运动能力下降与自由基增多密切相关,故文章采用文献资料法和逻辑推理法对血红素加氧酶系统与运动能力方面的文献进行归纳与综述。 相似文献
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有氧运动与氧化物介导的调节 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
有氧运动过程中内源性活性氧的生物学作用已被人们广泛关注,有氧力竭运动中产生的内源自由基可经诱导线粒体膜通透性转变孔道（ＰＴＰ）的出现,ＰＴＰ影响线粒体的跨膜电位,进而对细胞的发育产生作用。有氧运动训练诱发的活性氧通过ＮＦ－ｋＢ等转录因子调节细胞的表达及线粒体的生物发生过程。因此耐力运动训练的适应过程与其内涵性氧化物介导的调节关系密切。 相似文献
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线粒体生物合成依赖于细胞核与线粒体基因的协同表达.哺乳动物衰老过程中骨骼肌线粒体氧化磷酸化能力下降,其中线粒体数量和,或线粒体功能的缺失是其重要影响因素之一.运动可以诱导骨骼肌线粒体生物合成产生适应性变化,线粒体呼吸链产生的活性氧和自由基参与了?怂 线粒体到细胞核的信号传导.综述当前有关运动与线粒体生物合成的分子机理、运动对衰老状态下骨骼肌线粒体生物合成的影响以及在此过程中涉及的信号通路. 相似文献
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绿茶活性提取物对有氧性运动疲劳恢复的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析绿茶活性提取物对优秀赛艇和足球运动员有氧性运动疲劳后血清尿素（BU）含量、血清丙二醛（MDA）含量、血清肌酸激酶（CK）、血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）活性的变化，表明绿茶活性提取物对骨骼肌损伤有抑制和修复作用，同时有效减少运动所造成的机体结构蛋白和功能蛋白的分解，以及通过直接清除氧自由基及其代谢产物、增强运动员机体抗氧化酶活力等机制，提高机体的抗氧化能力，减少过量自由基对机体的损伤作用，加速对剧烈有氧运动产生的自由基的清除，从而促进机体运动性疲劳恢复。 相似文献
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运动、抗氧化剂与自由基研究的新进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自由基理论在运动医学界与生物界受到广泛的关注，自由基与运动的研究已成为一个重要的课题。关于运动性内源自由基代谢与研究，抗氧化剂及抗氧化能力的适应性，国内外有关学进行了比较系统的研究，现就此领域的进展做一简要的综述。 相似文献
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This study examined the concurrent effects of exercise-induced muscle damage and superimposed acute fatigue on the neuromuscular activation performance of the knee flexors of nine males (age: 26.7 ± 6.1 years; height 1.81 ± 0.05 m; body mass 81.2 ± 11.7 kg [mean±s]). Measures were obtained during three experimental conditions: (i) 'fatigue-muscle damage', involving acute fatiguing exercise performed on each assessment occasion plus a single episode of eccentric exercise performed on the first occasion and after the fatigue trial; (ii) 'fatigue', involving the fatiguing exercise only; and (iii) 'control' consisting of no exercise. Assessments were performed prior to (pre) and at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 168 h relative to the muscle damaging eccentric exercise. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showed that muscle damage elicited reductions of up to 38%, 24% and 65% in volitional peak force, electromechanical delay and rate of force development compared to baseline and controls, respectively (F ([10, 80]) = 2.3 to 4.6; P < 0.05) with further impairments (6.2% to 30.7%) following acute fatigue (F ([2, 16]) = 4.3 to 9.1; P < 0.05). By contrast, magnetically-evoked electromechanical delay was not influenced by muscle damage and was improved during the superimposed acute fatigue (～14%; F ([2, 16]) = 3.9; P < 0.05). The safeguarding of evoked muscle activation capability despite compromised volitional performance might reveal aspects of capabilities for emergency and protective responses during episodes of fatigue and antecedent muscle damaging exercise. 相似文献
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运动疲劳与神经递质的生理学研究进展(综述) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从肌肉的外周机制和大脑中的中枢机制两个方面对运动性疲劳进行阐述，总结了神经递质与中枢疲劳的关系。资料表明，5-羟色胺(5-HT)、r-氨基丁酸(GABA)、甘氨酸(GLY)等是脑组织抑制性神经递质；而谷氨酸(GLU)和天冬氨酸(AsP)等是兴奋性神经递质。此外，多巴胺(DA)、乙酰胆碱(ACH)、血氨(NH3)等均是运动性中枢疲劳较为敏感的神经递质。 相似文献
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中医药抗运动性疲劳的研究综述 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
采用文献资料综述的研究方法,从中医理论的整体观念出发,以中医脏腑学为依据,论述了脾肾与运动性疲劳,心与运动性疲劳,肝与运动性疲劳等问题。 相似文献