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1.
本研究采用三因素混合实验设计,以健听儿童性别、年龄和音节类型作为自变量,鼻部第一共振峰(NF1)作为因变量,研究3～5岁健听儿童特定语音下的鼻音声学特征;采用多元方差分析的统计方法,比较3～5岁健听儿童和患有鼻音障碍的听障儿童特定语音下的NF1的差异,从而研究听障儿童的鼻音声学特征。研究结果表明:(1)健听儿童的NF1不受年龄和性别的影响,也不受发音部位的影响,只和所发音节中是否包含鼻声母有关,其中不含鼻声母的音节的NF1均值远大于含有鼻声母的音节;(2)鼻音功能低下的听障儿童在发包含鼻声母的音节时,和同年龄段健听儿童有显著差异,其NF1均值远大于健听儿童;(3)鼻音功能亢进的听障儿童在发不含鼻声母的音节时,和同年龄段健听儿童有显著差异,其NF1均值远小于健听儿童。 相似文献
2.
本研究以Kosslyn等人提出的表象加工子成分为理论依据,采用经典实验范式对40名13-15岁听障学生的表象保持加工特点进行研究,得出以下结论:(1)听障学生与健听学生的表象保持能力没有显著的群体差异,但健听学生的表象保持能力没有显著性别差异,而听障学生群体中男生的表象保持能力显著好于女生;(2)识记数目、呈现时间会对听障学生的表象保持成绩产生显著影响;(3)助听效果在看话水平的听障学生表象保持能力显著好于助听效果为较适及以上的听障学生;听力残疾程度在一级(90dbHL)或一级以上的听障学生表象保持成绩要显著好于听力残疾程度在一级以下的听障学生。 相似文献
3.
本研究旨在了解韵母对声母音位对识别的影响,分析听障儿童的错误特征,为教育干预提供启示.本研究主要由三个2×2×4混合实验设计组成,被试间变量为组别和性别,因变量为p/t、p/k、t/k音位对识别的正确率.结果发现:(1)健听儿童送气塞音音位对识别正确率均显著高于听障儿童;(2)在送气塞音识别上性别差异不明显;(3)两组儿童在不同的韵母识别正确率上呈现出了大体一致的趋势,从易到难依次是后鼻韵母、复韵母、单韵母和前鼻韵母.研究建议在对听障儿童塞音音位对识别能力进行训练时,建议声韵组合顺序依次为塞音与后鼻韵母组合、塞音与复韵母组合、塞音与单韵母组合、塞音与前鼻韵母组合. 相似文献
4.
为了解听障儿童电声双模式助听和电模式助听下辨听声母、韵母、声调、扬扬格词识别的差异情况,采用2×4实验设计,运用计算机辅助汉语普通话言语测听系统的“声母、韵母、声调和扬扬格词”测试,调查听障儿童在电声双模式助听和电模式助听下的识别情况,比较两者之间的差异,进一步探索助听器补偿效果对听障儿童声母、韵母、声调、扬扬格词识别的影响.研究发现电模式助听受到对侧配戴助听器的显著影响,具体表现为:(1)在电声双模式助听下听障儿童对声母、韵母、声调、扬扬格词的识别均优于电模式,其中对声母和扬扬格词影响显著,对韵母和声调影响不显著;(2)电声双模式助听可以改善声母、韵母、声调、扬扬格词识别在助听器各听力补偿效果之间的差异. 相似文献
5.
本研究采用表象旋转的经典实验范式对40名13-15岁聋生的表象能力及影响因素进行研究,得出以下结论:(1)聋生和健听学生的表象旋转加工能力有显著差异,前者要低于后者.两者均表现出性别差异,男性比女性更具有表象旋转的优势;(2)聋生的表象旋转加工水平没有受材料难易程度的影响,这可能与所选材料难易程度有关系,聋生的表象旋转加工水平与其助听效果和听力残疾程度没有显著的关联,但与健听学生一样,聋生表象旋转加工的反应时间都受旋转角度的影响. 相似文献
6.
本研究通过比较20名5岁健听儿童与20名5岁听障儿童声调发音的声学参数,探求听障儿童声调的发音特点。研究结果表明:(1)听障儿童较容易掌握一声调,其一声的起点、终点、斜率与健听儿童无显著差异;(2)听障儿童二声调发音存在异常,其起点显著大于健听儿童,斜率显著小于健听儿童;(3)三声调对于听障儿童的发音难度相当大,35%的听障儿童用平调或降调的形式代替三声调,其他听障儿童三声调起点、终点、折点显著大于健听儿童,听障儿童的三声调斜率k升显著小于健听儿童;(4)听障儿童四声调发音存在异常,其四声调终点、斜率显著大于健听儿童。研究认为从发声层面,听障儿童之所以不能正确掌握二、三、四声调,是因为在声调的关键点不能将基频降低到合适水平。 相似文献
7.
贾少宁 《广东教育学院学报》2011,(4):74-79
以粤方言为母语的学习者为研究对象,通过实验语音学的分析手段考察他们学习英语单音节词尾清塞音的发音情况。结果表明,粤方言入声字塞音韵尾唯闭音的发音特征对于粤方言区学生英语清塞音尾-p、-t、-k的学习会产生负迁移影响。在相似CVC音节结构中,粤方言区学生选择音节匹配模式,而音素差异被完全丢弃。 相似文献
8.
听力障碍幼儿情绪理解研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过自编的儿童情绪理解测验考察了听障幼儿外部情绪理解、内部情绪理解和反思情绪理解三个维度的发展状况.结果表明:(1)听障幼儿表情识别、情绪情景识别和提示物理解水平低于健昕幼儿,其外部情绪理解整体水平发展较低;(2)听障幼儿愿望理解和对情绪表达规则的理解能力不如健听幼儿,对信念的理解和健听幼儿没有差别,其对内部心理状态的理解水平低于健听幼儿;(3)听障幼儿对情绪调节和情绪原因的理解低于健听幼儿,对混合情绪和道德情绪的理解和健听幼儿不存在显著差异,其反思情绪的理解水平低于健听幼儿. 相似文献
9.
本研究采用两因素混合实验设计,探讨人工耳蜗儿童、助听器儿童及健听儿童韵母音位及声母音位对比识别的差异.研究结果表明:(1)当人工耳蜗组的重建听阈与助听器组的补偿听阈都处于适合及最适水平时,两组儿童音位识别能力在各组音位对比识别上均不存在显著差异;(2)人工耳蜗儿童音位对比识别显著落后于同龄健听儿童,韵母和声母平均值分别落后12.71%和12.85%;(3)助听器儿童音位对比识别显著落后于同龄健听儿童,韵母和声母分别落后11.54%和11.26%;(4)无论是人工耳蜗儿童还是助听器儿童,前鼻音与后鼻音组韵母音位对及卷舌音与非卷舌音声母音位对都是最难识别内容. 相似文献
10.
为深入地研究听障学生的情绪理解特点,研究分别选取了24名听障与健听初中学生进行实验研究,设计了情绪原因识别、情绪表情识别任务。研究结果发现:听障学生情绪理解水平显著低于健听学生;听障学生情绪理解能力随着年级升高不断发展,健听学生情绪理解各年级差异不显著;性别因素在听障学生及健听学生情绪理解上差异不显著;不同效价情绪因素在听障学生及健听学生情绪理解上差异不显著。 相似文献
11.
The results of previous cross-section studies suggest that childhood hearing impairment may lead to parental psychosocial stress. The present study investigated whether modifications in parental psychic state can be ascertained in connection with the child's treatment events and the child's hearing and speech status, in a prospective study design. Data were available on 116 fathers and mothers regarding the pre-cochlear implant examination or hearing aid fitting of their child. In the course of the child's treatment, parental quality of life improved from a low to a normal level. Among children who were at the stage of pre-examination for a cochlear implant, better hearing and speech capacity was linked to more severe impairment of the parental state. It is emphasized that the parents whose children showed comparatively good language development at the time of pre-examination for a cochlear implant were especially subjected to stress. 相似文献
12.
AbstractThis study has a twofold objective: to analyse and compare the phonological processes in a sample of Spanish children with hearing loss, both with a cochlear implant and with a hearing aid, with a group with normal hearing; and to determine whether there are differences between the participants with a cochlear implant and with a hearing aid in the frequency and nature of the phonological processes. The sample is made up of 168 participants, eight with hearing loss (four with an implant and four with a hearing aid) and 160 with normal hearing. Samples of spontaneous speech were collected and transcribed using the tools from the CHILDES project. For the analysis, the phonological processes paradigm was adopted, evaluating phonological development based on normative error rates. The participants with a hearing loss show slower phonological development in terms of phonological processes, along with atypical processes. Furthermore, the participants with cochlear implants committed more phonological errors than those that wear a hearing aid. The implications of the results are discussed, and it is recommended that auditory stimulation should be done early in children with hearing loss regardless of their technical aid. 相似文献
13.
本研究应用测验法探讨听觉障碍中学生在适宜水平和较难的材料阅读中,使用问题辅助阅读、图示辅助阅读、标记辅助阅读以及提纲辅助阅读策略对阅读效果的影响。研究结果表明:听觉障碍中学生在适宜难度材料阅读中问题辅助阅读、图示辅助阅读成绩较好;在较难材料阅读中提纲辅助阅读、标记辅助阅读的效果较好;使用不同的阅读策略时年级因素、难度因素以及性别因素部分表现出主效应显著和交互作用明显。本研究结果对提高阅读效率,指导学校和家庭选择适合听觉障碍儿童的阅读材料、教学方法和学习方法具有现实意义。 相似文献
14.
Over 6 million older Americans are hearing impaired. Many of them are facing the decision to seek help through hearing aids. Once the decision has been made and amplification is obtained, a program of aural rehabiliation can facilitate adjustment to the hearing aid and foster more successful communication. Unfortunately, the number of professionals trained to provide rehabilitative services to hearing‐impaired persons are few relative to the number of persons who need these services. This paper describes a model for delivering aural rehabiliation services through providers trained by audiologists certified by the American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association. After being trained, staff at senior centers, nursing homes, and state or local agencies who deal with either hearing impairment or aging could serve as program providers. The model program consists of four phases: education, desensitization, rehabilitation strategies, and responsibility training. 相似文献
15.
16.
They only see it when the sun shines in my ears: exploring perceptions of adolescent hearing aid users 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hard-of-hearing (HOH) young people may encounter multiple challenges to their educational, social, and emotional development. The benefits of wearing hearing aids to enhance communication may be countered by negative stigma associated with hearing aids. This study explored the experience of 16 bilaterally, moderately to severely HOH adolescents in mainstream education to understand their perceptions of using hearing aids. A core category of "normality" emerged from the data, which captures the predominant issue for these young people. The sense of being normal may be situationally determined, but those who are able to perceive their use of hearing aids in a given context as normal most frequently use them. Regardless of the age of diagnosis or length of time since fitting, if use of hearing aids is perceived as not normal then their use is disguised or negated. The perceptions of the young people indicate that psychosocial supports focused on promoting their identity as HOH young people and normalizing the use of hearing aids should be a key feature of interventions. 相似文献
17.
Reaction times and picture evaluations by 18 adults with hearing loss were compared with those of 18 matched controls during two visual priming tasks. In Task 1, participants reacted to sexual and plant target pictures (while influenced by similar preceding pictures) by pressing "sex" or "plant" buttons. In Task 2, they evaluated target Japanese ideographs (while influenced by preceding positive or negative facial expressions as prime pictures) by pressing "positive" or "negative" buttons. In Task 1, the controls had the faster responses. In Task 2, they showed the usual congruent priming effect during very short prime presentations. Participants with hearing loss showed this effect only during short and long prime presentation times; thus, they were not superior to the controls in picture recognition, instead showing (a) impaired processing of visual information or (b) impaired perceptual-motor skills regarding quick responses to visual information (or both). 相似文献
18.
Recently, Patterson and Dancer (1987) suggested a model wherein persons who normally come in contact with older hearing‐impaired persons can be trained to assist the older hearing‐aid user in adjustment to amplification. Their four‐phase educational model offers an alternative to traditional aural rehabilitation programs by using personnel from senior centers, nursing homes, and state and local agencies as program providers. The present article elaborates more fully on the training that protocol providers will receive from audiologists certified by the American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association. Providers will be carried through five stages: empathy, effective communication skills, knowledge of the interaction of aging and hearing loss, the phases outlined in the Patterson and Dancer model, and guidelines for referrals. Objective‐based provider and client response criteria are outlined for moving the client from the initial receipt of the hearing aid to its ultimate acceptance and use on a doily basis. 相似文献
19.
我国立法关于疑罪不诉程序的规定存在被害人权利保障不足、被害人补偿机制缺乏、被害人权利膨胀可能、诉讼代理人权限有限、法律援助方面的制约等问题.应对疑罪不诉程序进行诉讼化改造,进一步落实被害人的程序参与权,确立不起诉听证制度和不起诉司法审查制度,引入被害人国家补偿制度,完善律师代理制度和法律援助制度. 相似文献
20.
M D Clark 《American annals of the deaf》1991,136(4):349-353
In this study, the information processing strategies of Gallaudet University students who are profoundly and prelingually deaf were evaluated. The subjects demonstrated the highest levels of recognition to the left and right of the fixation point, often referred to as a reading strategy when found in hearing people. Additionally, they demonstrated higher levels of recognition at positions in the top right quadrant of the display, a pattern not found in hearing people. A main effect was found: subjects whose primary and secondary school backgrounds were oral and manual combined had significantly higher levels of recognition overall than did subjects from oral-only educational backgrounds. Differences in background did not interact with strategy use in this study. These findings lead to the conclusion that the information processing strategies of deaf people need to be evaluated closely before general conclusions can be made. Alternative means for evaluating these types of findings are suggested. 相似文献