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1.
女游泳运动员大负荷训练中的情绪和应对方式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过调查女游泳运动员 6周大负荷训练中的情绪和应对方式 ,了解她们在大负荷训练中的心理特点 ,为提高游泳运动员在大负荷训练中的心理承受能力提供依据。研究表明 ,女游泳运动员大负荷训练中的情绪变化受负荷总量变化的影响 ,优秀运动员在大负荷训练感受中肌体劳累 ,精神疲倦和自我怀疑百分数均高于普通运动员。在大负荷训练应对方式中 ,优秀运动员宣泄和回避的百分数低于普通运动员 ,自我激励 ,寻求他人支持 ,自我安慰 ,关注队友感受等维度的百分数高于普通运动员。提示在大负荷训练中 ,优秀运动员似乎更倾向采用积极应对方式。 相似文献
2.
Daniel J. Madigan Andrew P. Hill Paul A. Anstiss Sarah H. Mallinson-Howard Simon Kumar 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(5):713-721
Training distress occurs when athletes fail to cope with physiological and psychological stress and can be an early sign of overtraining syndrome. Recent research has found that perfectionism predicts increases in training distress in junior athletes over time. The current study provides the first empirical test of the possibility that coping tendencies mediate the perfectionism-training distress relationship. Adopting a cross-sectional design, 171 junior athletes (mean age?=?18.1 years) completed self-report measures of perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, problem-focused coping, avoidant coping, and training distress. Structural equation modelling revealed that avoidant coping mediated the positive relationship between perfectionistic concerns and training distress, and mediated the negative relationship between perfectionistic strivings and training distress. Problem-focused coping did not mediate any relationships between dimensions of perfectionism and training distress. The findings suggest that the tendency to use coping strategies aimed at avoiding stress may partly explain the relationship between perfectionism and training distress but the tendency to use, or not use, problem-focussed coping does not. 相似文献
3.
我国青少年业余游泳后备人才培养的现状及发展对策研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过我国青少年业余游泳后备人才培养现状的调查、分析，结果表明，我国游泳运动员员靠业余体校、游泳学校／体校和体工队三级训练网模式，已经影响到后备人才的培养。建议：打破国家独办体育的局面，通过合作制、股份制等形式，广泛吸引社会资金和技术的参与；实行“体教结合”；充分利用假期对运动员强化训练，才能培养出更多的游泳后备人才。 相似文献
4.
Angelos Kaissidis-Rodafinos Mark H. Anshel Anne Porter 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):427-436
The aim of this study was to establish the ways in which coping style and situational appraisals are related to the consistency of using approach and avoidance coping strategies for skilled Australian basketball referees (n = 133) after three game-related stressful events. The events, ‘making a mistake’, ‘aggressive reactions by coaches or players’ and ‘presence of important others’, were determined from previous research on sources of acute stress among basketball officials. Our findings indicated that: referees exhibited consistent avoidance, but not approach, coping styles; they used more avoidance than approach strategies; and they perceived stress to be positively correlated with approach, and negatively associated with avoidance, coping strategies. These findings suggest that individual differences exist in perceptions of stress (i.e. situational appraisals), controllability and coping styles among moderately and highly skilled basketball referees. The implications for teaching cognitive and behavioural strategies for effective coping with acute stress in basketball officiating are discussed. 相似文献
5.
青少年运动员应付方式和应付效能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对多个运动项目的青少年运动员进行了问卷调查,结果显示:运动员在应付方式的选择上存在年龄、性别差异。随着年龄的增长,男运动员更多地选择“解决问题”等积极的应付方式,女运动员倾向于选择“幻想”、“合理化”等不成熟的应付方式,两性之间的应付策略分化明显。在应付效能方面,较大年龄组的运动员在应付方式的选择和应付效能的和谐方面比较小年龄组好,但其和谐的内在机制同样存在着性别的差异 相似文献
6.
为了了解身体锻炼与初中生应付方式之间的关系,采用文献资料法、心理测量法、数理统计法对江西省会昌县2所中学的453名学生进行调查分析。结果表明:在应付方式上,锻炼强度中等以上、锻炼持续时间8~12周以上及有锻炼陪伴人的初中生,其成熟型应付方式因子的得分更高,并达到了显著性差异,中等锻炼强度对初中生的应付方式的影响最积极。 相似文献
7.
Luke F. Olsson Andrew P. Hill Daniel J. Madigan George Woodley 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(6):669-675
ABSTRACTInitial research suggests that parental perfectionism is central to the development of athlete perfectionism. However, it is unclear whether perceived or actual parental perfectionism is most important. The present study aimed to address this issue in two ways. First, we re-examined the predictive ability of actual versus perceived parental perfectionism on athlete perfectionism. Second, for the first time, we tested whether perceived parental perfectionism mediated the relationship between actual parental perfectionism and athlete perfectionism. A sample of 150 junior athletes and their parents completed measures of perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns). Junior athletes completed two measures, one of their own perfectionism and one of perceptions of their parents’ perfectionism. Parents completed one measure of their own perfectionism. Regression analyses showed that perceived parental perfectionism predicted athlete perfectionism over and above actual parental perfectionism. Mediation analyses provided support for our proposed model. Overall, the findings suggest that both actual and perceived parental perfectionism are important in the development of perfectionism in junior athletes. 相似文献
8.
本研究将影响青少年游泳运动员比赛表现的扰动因素进行分类;重点研究了温度、比赛时间和地点、对手这三种主要扰动因素对运动员比赛表现的影响以及应对策略;最后,针对管理方面的应对策略,提出重视赛前准备会和赛后总结会可以有效减少扰动因素对运动员比赛表现的影响. 相似文献
9.
应用CF-Ⅳ型心血管功能检测仪,对24名优秀的少儿男女游泳运动员(男12名、女12名)以及12名普通男少儿,在安静及100W功率自行车运动后即刻心血管功能指标进行测试。结果发现:安静及100W负荷时,运动员心率(HR)都低于非运动员(P<0.05),而每搏输出量(SV)以及100W负荷时的收缩压(SBP)却高于非运动员(P<0.05);心输出量(CO)的相对值及血乳酸(BLA)在100W负荷时运动员的上升幅度较小(P<0.05及P<0.01)。男女运动员相比,心血管功能各指标间无显著性差异。结果显示了少儿游泳运动员心血管功能的提高以及机体供能的节省化。 相似文献
10.
洪俊雄 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(10):63-65
柔韧素质是游泳运动员必备的一种运动素质。柔韧素质的好坏对游泳运动员的划水效果,掌握技术动作,提高运动成绩起到重要的影响。根据少儿生长发育的特点可知,7-12岁是少年儿童发展柔韧素质的最好时机。本课题探讨在少年儿童生长发育的敏感时期,怎样合理地设计和选择有效的训练手段和方法来发展少年儿童游泳运动员的柔韧素质,从而达到提高他们游泳专项技术水平的目的。 相似文献
11.
Coping strategies are important for performance in sport and individual differences may contribute to the coping strategies adopted by athletes. In this study, we explored the main and interactive effects of the big five personality dimensions on sport-related coping and compared personality profiles of discrete groups of athletes. Altogether, 253 athletes (mean age 21.1 years, s=3.7) completed the NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and the Coping Function Questionnaire for Sport (Kowalski & Crocker, 2001). Results showed that extraverted athletes, who were also emotionally stable and open to new experiences (a three-way interaction effect), reported a greater use of problem-focused coping strategies. Conscientious athletes (main effect), and athletes displaying high levels of extraversion, openness, and agreeableness (a three-way interaction effect), reported a greater use of emotion-focused coping strategies, and athletes with low levels of openness, or high levels of neuroticism (main effects), reported a greater use of avoidance coping strategies. Different personality characteristics were observed between higher-level and lower-level athletes, between men and women athletes, and between individual and team sport athletes. These findings suggest that the five-factor model of personality can help distinguish various levels of athletic involvement and can help identify the coping strategies athletes are likely to adopt during participation. 相似文献
12.
采用实验法,对儿童游泳运动员进行多项追踪测试。结果表明,12min快速跑、800m自由泳全力游、1500m自由泳为主项的相应速度表的运用,是诊断儿童游泳运动员耐力潜能的有效易行的方法。 相似文献
13.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):96-102
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effects of hardiness (high vs. low hardiness) and anxiety direction (facilitators vs. debilitators) on performers' competitive anxiety intensity responses, self-confidence levels and the frequency and effectiveness of coping usage. Significant interaction effects showed that the high hardiness/facilitators reported the greatest use of planning, active coping and effort strategies during stressful competitive situations and viewed this use as more effective in dealing with these situations than the other groups. Main effects for hardiness on the competitive anxiety response and self-confidence revealed the high hardiness group to have lower levels of worry and somatic anxiety and higher levels of self-confidence than the low hardiness group. These findings have important implications for the development of hardiness-related coping strategies in sport performers. 相似文献
14.
Hatzigeorgiadis A 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(3):299-307
The present study investigated approach and avoidance coping strategies as a function of goal attainment expectancies in young men. Twenty-four male students participated in an experiment consisting of two rowing tests. After the initial test, participants were divided into two experimental groups and were assigned to conditions of attainable and unattainable goals for the final test, depending on performance in the initial test and experimental condition. Participants of the two groups reported similar goal attainment expectancies before the start of the final test; however, during the task expectancies for the attainable goal group increased, whereas those for the unattainable goal group decreased. After the conclusion of the task, participants were asked to respond with regard to coping strategies they used during the latest part of the final test, when goal attainment expectancies had been differentiated. The analysis revealed significant effects for effort increase, and mental and behavioural disengagement, whereas a non-significant but considerable effect was identified for planning. The higher goal attainment expectancies group scored higher on effort increase and planning, and lower on behavioural and mental disengagement, than the lower goal attainment expectancies group. The results of the present study are in accordance with the general theoretical assumptions of the control process theory, and more particularly highlight the importance of goal attainment expectancies as a factor influencing the employment of approach and avoidance coping strategies in achievement situations. 相似文献
15.
影响我国竞技游泳后备力量的因素及发展趋势的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我国业余游泳训练的发展和受重视程度远远落后于专业训练,面临着参加业余游泳训练运动员的年龄段缺乏系统性、运动员流失严重等一系列的问题。有偿训练、自费参赛等改革的逐步成熟和完善,竞技游泳后备人才的质量和数量已得到提高。 相似文献
16.
刘淳 《上海体育学院学报》1994,18(1):51-55
采用测试方法,对少年组游泳运动员的皮纹(手纹)进行测试,并将测试数据与优秀组、后备组、对照组的数据进行对比、分析。结果显示,皮纹作为游泳运动员的初级选材指标,方法简单,容易掌握,便于推广。 相似文献
17.
随着社会的发展,大学生心理压力越来越受到社会的关注。选取342名体育专业大学生作为测试对象,选用领悟社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷和体育专业大学生压力测评量表进行测量,使用结构方程模型分析心理压力、应对策略、社会支持间的关系及作用机制,构建体育专业大学生领悟社会支持、应对策略及心理压力之间的结构方程模型。最终的理想模型为GFI、AGFI、NFI、IFI、TLI、CFI均大于0.90,χ2/df小于3,RMSEA小于0.80。研究结果还显示:消极应对策略与心理压力呈显著正相关;家庭支持、其他支持与心理压力呈显著负相关;积极应对策略与社会支持呈显著正相关;应对策略在领悟社会支持与心理压力间起到了部分中介作用。因此,应该培养体育专业大学生的社会交往和领悟社会支持的能力,培养他们采用积极的应对策略,进而缓解心理压力。 相似文献
18.
Developing upon cross-sectional research (Smith, Ntoumanis, & Duda, 2007) supporting the self-concordance model (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) as a framework for contextual goal striving, the current study investigated the assumptions of the model in relation to season-long goal striving in sport. The study additionally examined the role of coping strategies in the persistence of goal-directed effort. Structural equation modeling analysis with a sample of 97 British athletes indicated that start-of-season autonomous goal motives were linked to midseason effort, which subsequently predicted end-of-season goal attainment. Attainment was positively related to changes in psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, predicted changes in emotional well-being. In a second model, autonomous and controlled motives positively predicted task- and disengagement-oriented coping strategies, respectively. In turn, these strategies were differentially associated with effort. The findings provide support for contextual adaptations of the self-concordance model and demonstrate the role of coping strategies in the goal striving process. 相似文献
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Generally, swimmers pace themselves using their own judgement and the poolside clock during swimming training, fitness testing protocols or scientific investigation. The Aquapacer is a new pacing device that can be used to pace the swimming speed or stroke rate of the swimmer. The aims of this study were to determine if breaststroke swimmers could pace accurately during submaximal swimming using a poolside clock (Study 1) and the Aquapacer (Study 2), at swimming speeds at, just above and just below maximal 200 m time-trial speeds (using the Aquapacer, Study 3) and under three different race pacing conditions (using the Aquapacer, Study 4). Between 8 and 15 male national or club standard 200 m breaststroke swimmers participated in each of the studies. The swimmers in Study 2, despite being less well trained than the swimmers in Study 1 and part of a more heterogeneous group in terms of swimming performance, repeatedly demonstrated less random error in pacing, suggesting that the Aquapacer may be preferable to the poolside clock when swimmers are being required to pace accurately. The Aquapacer also enabled swimmers to pace accurately at race-specific swimming speeds (until fatigue precluded them from holding pace) (Study 3), and through a change in pace at race-specific speeds (Study 4), which suggests that it may be of use in entraining racing strategies. 相似文献