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王小珍 《中小学心理健康教育》2017,(4):47-50
据统计,全球大约有6700万不同程度的自闭症患者,我国自闭症儿童的总数也达到了160万,且在逐年增长.自闭症儿童有三个主要表现:社会交流障碍、语言障碍、刻板行为,其中刻板行为是自闭症儿童的核心障碍.刻板行为是指无明显目的的、不变的、以固定频率反复重复的、无任何功能效果的简单行为,如莫名发笑,单调重复蹦跳,反复抠嘴等.在教育上通常使用行为干预、结构化训练、语言沟通系统来改善自闭症儿童的刻板行为,但是效果甚微.近年来,运用各种心理治疗方法改善自闭症儿童的刻板行为,是治疗自闭症儿童的新潮流. 相似文献
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自我刺激行为是自闭症的常见行为之一,虽然它不一定是挑战性行为,但是严重的自我刺激行为会损害自闭症的身体,阻碍自闭症的社会性发展.通过对文献的梳理,分析自我刺激行为与挑战性行为、重复刻板行为的关系、自我刺激行为的表现形式及形成原因等,重点探讨自闭症自我刺激行为的干预策略,为今后的研究和干预提供参考. 相似文献
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重复刻板行为作为孤独症谱系障碍的核心症状之一严重影响着孤独症儿童的日常生活、学习和社会交往。研究发现,执行功能的核心子成分抑制控制能力、认知灵活性水平和工作记忆容量对重复刻板行为有显著影响。在现阶段,执行功能对重复刻板行为影响的研究大多仍集中在抑制控制和认知灵活性两方面,缺少工作记忆对重复刻板行为影响的研究,且执行功能的研究范式也存在争议。未来还需加强孤独症儿童工作记忆对重复刻板行为影响的研究。 相似文献
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在对一名学龄前自闭症儿童自身旋转刻板行为的干预中,运用单一被试实验法的实验设计,采用感觉统合结合运动训练的综合干预方案,进行为期11周的干预。干预后该儿童旋转的刻板行为消失,表明提高感觉统合和粗大运动功能对自闭症儿童刻板行为有明显的改善作用。 相似文献
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刻板行为是自闭症儿童的三大核心症状之一,它的出现会对自闭症儿童个人及其家庭造成多方面负面影响。研究表明,对刻板行为进行干预有利于自闭症儿童的社会融合。本文通过试图梳理目前国外关于自闭症儿童刻板行为干预研究的相关文献,总结刻板行为干预研究的特征及存在的一些问题,为国内相关研究及实践提供启示。 相似文献
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障碍学生行为预防干预策略亦被称为先行干预策略,是指在行为发生前就采取相关干预措施。先行干预不是通过改变结果来改变行为,而是通过弱化维持挑战性行为的强化因素来预防行为的发生。预防策略一般是针对已确定的行为功能,主要包括无条件强化和功能性沟通训练两种。如果不是针对确定的行为功能,预防策略还可包括正向行为干预和支持、社会反馈强化运用、自我管理与监控以及良好学习环境创设等。 相似文献
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Maria Isabel Santos Ana Breda Ana Margarida Almeida 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2017,65(5):1305-1323
Learning environment on mathematics for autistic children is a prototype of a digital environment with dynamic adaptation features designed to offer activities towards the development of mathematical reasoning in children aged 6–12 years, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities. This paper, with a primarily conceptual and analytical scope, discusses the mathematical difficulties that some children with ASD have, and presents strategies that can be used to overcome them. Based on a literature review and on the results of a preliminary study already conducted, we present results concerning the proposal of a set of learning activities for the prototype under development, specifically targeted to promote mathematical reasoning in students with ASD. Guidelines for future research are also discussed. 相似文献
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Sarah W. Harry Kayla E. Bates-Brantley Breya L. Whitefield Brittany A. Dale 《Psychology in the schools》2023,60(2):419-430
Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have vastly different educational needs. Although some students with ASD may perform well across subjects within the general education classroom, other students with ASD may need more individualized support outside of the classroom. Historically, ASD assessments in schools have primarily focused on the measurement of cornerstone behaviors of ASD such as deficits in social communication and restricted or repetitive behaviors while underestimating the focus of academic skills even though both factors are required in the evaluation process and for an eligibility classification. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of academic assessment practices in the schools by highlighting best practices in ASD evaluation, outlining ASD academic profiles and how to identify academic skill deficits, and reviewing the available literature that comes from different formal- and function-based assessment practices that are commonly used in schools today. The authors also discuss how formal- and function-based assessments both serve a purpose and are recommended to be used in conjunction with one another to best demonstrate a student's academic profile. Practitioners are ultimately encouraged to use a multi-informant, multi-modal approach when it comes to psychoeducational evaluations for individuals with ASD as it is evident that an individualized approach is essential due to the discrepancy of academic profiles related to this disability category as well as understanding that no measure is a perfect representation of any one skill. 相似文献
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Jennifer B. Ganz 《Exceptionality》2013,21(4):249-260
Autism experts and individuals with high-functioning autism contend that many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) respond most favorably to information that is presented visually. Accordingly, strategies capitalizing on this visual preference have received significant recent attention in both ASD research and practitioner-related literature. This article provides a review of visually based strategies for organizing classrooms for children and youth with ASD. Classroom structuring methods, visual schedules, and visually based organizational strategies are described and discussed. For each of the above, a justification, a brief review of the research literature, implementation guidelines, recommendations for effective use, and suggested resources for practitioners are provided. Tables and figures that provide examples of methods are also provided. 相似文献
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孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童是一群存在社交沟通障碍并且行为重复刻板的孩子,在症状和严重程度上存在着连续性特征,其中一部分ASD儿童具有接受普通教育的可能,将其与发育落后儿童一起进行小组教学,互相取长补短,对于两类孩子的生涯发展都大有裨益,这种联合教育的模式就是混合教育模式.另一部分ASD儿童或者属于中重度范畴,或者随着年龄的增长而出现能力的倒退和停滞,针对这些儿童,建议采用传统的教育康复模式.论文作者在证明教育康复对于孤独症谱系障碍儿童社会交往障碍具有明显效果的基础上,验证了教育实践中因材施教,区分使用混合教育和传统教育的必要性. 相似文献
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Belinda D. Lazarusm 《Psychology in the schools》1993,30(1):67-74
The effect of general self-management skills on the achievement of behavior disordered (BD) students on independent math tasks is described. Eighteen students with behavior disorders were trained to apply general self-management strategies to affect improvement in performance on independent math calculation practice sheets. A single-subject multiple baseline design across three subjects with five direct, concurrent replications was used to analyze the data. Student performance under two separate conditions, baseline and self-management, was compared. Based on the weekly mean percentage of correct responses to daily mathematics worksheets, students' achievement improved significantly under the treatment condition. Implications for the use of self-management strategies by special needs students are suggested. 相似文献
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Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in secondary school settings (i.e., grades 6-12) typically struggle with multiple academic challenges. Critics have noted that secondary schools traditionally have not been particularly effective in helping students with ASD develop self-determination (e.g., self-management) skills, which are considered pre-requisites to success in academics. Thus, there is a significant need for increased parent-professional collaboration in secondary schools. This study examined the effectiveness of coaching parents to implement a technology-mediated (e.g., iPad) approach to increasing the homework-related self-management skills for mathematics of five middle school students with ASD. Results indicate that these five students significantly increased their math homework self-management skills as a consequence of effectively using iPad applications when coached by their parents. 相似文献
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This study examined the contribution of self-management strategies to job outcomes for employees involved in mentoring relationships. Participants (n = 158) reported their use of three types of self-management strategies, the level of support functions provided by their mentors, and their job satisfaction and perceived career success. Results showed that individuals who used self-set career goals reported greater job satisfaction and perceived career success; those who engaged in positive cognitions also had higher job satisfaction; and those who used behavioral self-management strategies reported greater perceived career success. Mentoring and self-management strategies each contributed uniquely to satisfaction and perceived career satisfaction. After controlling for amount of instrumental support provided by the mentors, positive cognitions remained predictive of perceived career success, and participation in self-set career goals were related to higher levels of job satisfaction. Moderator analysis showed that the self-management strategies appeared to be useful in the absence of certain types of mentor support. 相似文献
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to several conditions that share the feature of persistent social impairment. The rate of ASD diagnosis has climbed to one in 88 (CDC, 2012), and increasing numbers of individuals with ASD attend college. College students with ASD may share academic challenges related to critical thinking, executive functioning, and classroom anxiety. These challenges can manifest in the classroom, and there are a number of simple strategies for instructors that directly address characteristics of ASD. These strategies are not just good for students on the spectrum, but they can benefit other learners as well. 相似文献
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A comparison of parent and professional perceptions of children with autism spectrum disorder in Portugal 
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下载免费PDF全文 Improving early intervention in Portugal for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires parents and professionals to collaborate in assessing and planning intervention programmes. This article analyses parental and professional assessments of children with ASD, in the dimensions of social communication, repetitive behaviours and restricted interests, and sensory processing. The study presents contrasting perspectives from professionals and parents from a range of socio‐academic backgrounds. The sample consists of 136 Portuguese children (aged three to six years old) with ASD and involves children, parents and professionals from across the country. All children, at the time, were in preschool and receiving early special education intervention. Parents and professionals used the Assessment Scale for Children with ASD to complete the assessments. The results show that parents rate children's development and learning more positively compared to professionals; and that this difference is more significant in the field of social communication. Further, parents with higher academic qualifications showed statistically significant differences in comparison with professionals in the social communication dimension. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature and some suggestions are made regarding certain practices related to intervention in early childhood. 相似文献
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Elisa Back 《Child development》2019,90(5):1589-1597
There is mixed evidence concerning whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can infer mental states from the eyes. This study aims to elucidate whether they use less efficient strategies. Sixteen adolescents with ASD (11–16 year olds) were compared to a chronological age- and IQ-matched sample of 16 typically developing (TD) adolescents. Eight mental states were presented as full dynamic faces and in conditions altering the presence of expressive dynamic information from the eyes and mouth. Bayes factors revealed that adolescents with ASD had similar accuracy, response times (less conclusive), and fixations to TD adolescents. Findings imply that adolescents with ASD spontaneously fixate on the eyes, and not all individuals with ASD have difficulties inferring mental states from faces. 相似文献