共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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摔跤运动员赛前慢速减重结合快速减重训练期间身体机能变化的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以参加十运会摔跤预赛的北京市古典式摔跤运动员为研究对象，在采用慢速减重结合快速减重的方式下，对运动员赛前减体重训练期间的身体机能指标进行跟踪监测，探求这种减体重方式下运动员身体机能的变化特点。结果显示：采用慢速减重结合快速减重的方式，可以有效地帮助运动员增加脂肪的消耗，减少去脂体重的丢失；不会明显削弱运动员心血管功能；对运动员磷酸原供能能力无明显影响，但无氧代谢供能能力有一定的下降；对运动员免疫机能无明显不良影响；运动员血清睾酮的下降主要发生在快速减重期；能够有效地降低运动员赛前减体重训练期间蛋白质的消耗；不会对运动员心理产生明显不良影响。 相似文献
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冯连世 《体育科技文献通报》2005,13(11)
本文从运动生理学、运动生物化学的角度对运动员理想体重的确立、减体重的生理生化理论与方法、减体重的适宜幅度及其对运动员生理机能和运动能力的影响,运动员减体重过程中存在的问题、合理减体重的原则及措施等进行综述。1减体重的生理生化理论1.1体重与身体成分从生理学角度看,体重是指身体成分的总重量。人体体重的变化必须以身体成分的概念来表达,才具有客观性和科学性。1.2身体成分与运动能力的关系李云霞等对快速减体重后参加比赛的举重运动员体成分进行调查后发现,同一级别男运动员中,比赛成绩较好者,体脂百分含量较低、去脂体重较… 相似文献
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不同项目类型运动员上下肢无氧功率测定及比较 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本实验着重研究有关上肢Wingate法测试有关问题,同时与下肢测定结果相比较,研究不同项目类型运动员上、下肢无氧功率的特点。实验结果证明,测试人体上、下肢无氧能力最适负荷可由瘦体重一负荷回归方程得出;运动员上、下肢无氧功峰值间存在高度相关;疲劳度内环境变化无氧能力密切相关;下肢最大静力值与下肢无氧功高度相关。 相似文献
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快速减体重指运动员每周减体重幅度大于其自身体重的4%或短期内每天减体重幅度大于其自身体重的1%;慢速减体重指运动员每周减体重幅度大于其自身体重的2%而小于其自身体重的4%。快速减体重一般为按体重级别参赛项目运动员在慢速减体重后仍未达到参赛体重级别要求时所采用的措施,而对于无体重级别要求项目的运动员一般不宜也无必要使用。在运动员减体重的某一段时间内,运动员保持其体重在一定幅度范围,一般情况下,每周波动不超过其自身体重的2%,这一过程则称之为控体重。可以说,减体重和控体重已成为拳击项目训练和比赛计划的重要内容之一。 相似文献
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运动员减、控体重的科学方法及减体重后比赛期的特殊营养补充 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
文章论述了竞技运动员减控体重过程中机体代谢及运动能力的变化,提出了合理的减控体重原则和措施。针对其中存在的问题,详细阐述了各种减体重的方法和注意事项．以及在减控体重期间和比赛中的特殊营养补剂。 相似文献
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根据运动员的体重,分级别进行比赛是柔道运动的项目特点。一般情况下,柔道运动员赛前都会以减体重的方式争取力量和身体能力上的优势,因此,赛前减体重是柔道运动员不可回避的问题,尤其是中小级别。由此引发的运动员身体机能的变化,对于赛前训练手段、方法及方案的制订都会产生直接影响。本文从中小级别柔道运动员赛前减体重与机能状态变化的角度出发,进行相关测试,探索赛前减体重对柔道运动员机 相似文献
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目的:探讨不同快速降体重量对肌肉功能的影响;方法:以12名健康男生为实验对象,测定脱水前(0%bw l)、桑拿脱水快速降体重2%(2%bw l)、桑拿脱水快速降体重4%(4%bw l)这3种不同体重状态下最大等速肌力、等速肌耐力与无氧作功能力;在测定无氧作功能力时,结合运用主观用力程度等级评价量表(RPE),对肌肉功能进行系统评价;结果:1)2%bw l和4%bw l对肌肉的最大等速力量均没有削弱作用;2%bw l后,屈肘肌群的最大等速肌力反而增大。2)2%bw l对屈、伸肘肌群以及屈、伸膝肌群的等速肌耐力均没有影响;4%bw l后,屈肘肌群与屈、伸膝肌群的等速肌耐力不变,而伸肘肌群的等速肌耐力显著性下降。3)2%bw l和4%bw l对下肢的无氧耐力没有削弱作用。 相似文献
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Umeda T Nakaji S Shimoyama T Yamamoto Y Totsuka M Sugawara K 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(4):329-338
In this study, we examined the effects of weight reduction by restricting energy intake on muscle function and serum concentrations of myogenic enzymes in judoists. Twenty-seven male judoists aged 19.3 +/- 0.6 years (mean +/- s) were divided into three groups based on the extent of body weight reduction: high weight reduction (height 1.70 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 78.5 +/- 13.6 kg), low weight reduction (height 1.70 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 80.7 +/- 13.1 kg) and a group that maintained body weight while continuing to perform exercise training (height 1.78 +/- 0.07 m, body mass 78.7 +/- 8.8 kg). Body composition, blood biochemistry, energy intake and anaerobic power were assessed on four occasions: 20 days (baseline data), 4 days and 1 day before and 7 days after competition. Compared with baseline, body mass and fat-free mass were significantly lower 1 day before competition in the high and low weight reduction groups (both P < 0.01); these changes persisted for 7 days after competition in the high weight reduction group. Serum creatine kinase was significantly elevated 1 day before competition in all groups (all P < 0.05), and remained higher 7 days after competition in both the high and low weight reduction groups. Compared with baseline, maximal anaerobic power was significantly lower 1 day before competition only in the high weight reduction group (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that energy restriction in addition to intense exercise training before major competition has an adverse effect on anaerobic power and elevates serum creatine kinase concentration, leading to an impairment of muscular function and an increased susceptibility of muscle tissue to injury. 相似文献
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Effect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor I
In this study, we examined the effects of bovine colostrum on peak vertical jump power (VJpeak), peak cycle power (CPpeak), alactic anaerobic work capacity, resistance exercise one-repetition maxima (1-RM) and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, 51 males completed 8 weeks of resistance and plyometric training while consuming 60 g x day(-1) of bovine colostrum (n = 26) or concentrated whey protein powder (n = 25). Peak vertical jump power, peak cycle power, alactic anaerobic work capacity, 1-RM and plasma IGF-I were not different between groups at baseline (P > 0.33). Peak vertical jump power and peak cycle power were still not significantly different between groups by week 4 (VJpeak: bovine colostrum, 7231 +/- 488 W; whey protein, 7214 +/- 530 W; P = 0.99; CPpeak: bovine colostrum, 1272 +/- 202 W; whey protein, 1232 +/- 208 W; P = 0.99). By week 8, however, peak vertical jump power (bovine colostrum, 7370 +/- 503 W; whey powder, 7237 +/- 481 W; 95% confidence intervals, 54 to 170 W; P < 0.01) and peak cycle power (bovine colostrum, 1400 +/- 215 W; whey protein, 1311 +/- 192 W; 95% confidence intervals, 20 to 61 W; P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the bovine colostrum condition. Alactic anaerobic work capacity and 1-RM increased (P < 0.001), but the increases were not different between groups (P > 0.08). Plasma IGF-I did not change in either group (P = 0.55). We conclude that bovine colostrum supplementation during training significantly increased peak anaerobic power, but had no effect on alactic anaerobic work capacity, 1-RM or plasma IGF-I. 相似文献
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武术散打训练对人体无氧工作能力影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨散打训练对人体无氧工作能力的影响，对40名体育教育专业武术散打训练学生进行Wingate无氧实验。结果表明，武术散打训练可提高人体无氧功率能力，加快运动启动速度；用Wingate无氧实验评价时，前10s无氧功率值的高低比其递增的幅度，更能反映散打训练效果；30sWingate无氧实验主要反映出散打训练对人体无氧功率的影响，而对无氧能力的评价不明显；Wingate无氧实验对评定散打训练效果和水平更具有指导意义。 相似文献
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Takashi Umeda Shigeyuki Nakaji Tadashi Shimoyama Youske Yamamoto Manabu Totsuka Kazuo Sugawara 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):329-338
In this study, we examined the effects of weight reduction by restricting energy intake on muscle function and serum concentrations of myogenic enzymes in judoists. Twenty-seven male judoists aged 19.3±0.6 years (mean±s) were divided into three groups based on the extent of body weight reduction: high weight reduction (height 1.70±0.05?m, body mass 78.5 ±13.6?kg), low weight reduction (height 1.70±0.05?m, body mass 80.7±13.1?kg) and a group that maintained body weight while continuing to perform exercise training (height 1.78± 0.07?m, body mass 78.7±8.8?kg). Body composition, blood biochemistry, energy intake and anaerobic power were assessed on four occasions: 20 days (baseline data), 4 days and 1 day before and 7 days after competition. Compared with baseline, body mass and fat-free mass were significantly lower 1 day before competition in the high and low weight reduction groups (both P?<0.01); these changes persisted for 7 days after competition in the high weight reduction group. Serum creatine kinase was significantly elevated 1 day before competition in all groups (all P?<0.05), and remained higher 7 days after competition in both the high and low weight reduction groups. Compared with baseline, maximal anaerobic power was significantly lower 1 day before competition only in the high weight reduction group (P?<0.01). Our results suggest that energy restriction in addition to intense exercise training before major competition has an adverse effect on anaerobic power and elevates serum creatine kinase concentration, leading to an impairment of muscular function and an increased susceptibility of muscle tissue to injury. 相似文献
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Abstract In recent years the classic Margaria step-test for anaerobic power has been largely replaced by bicycle ergometer tests, the most popular of these being the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the WAnT and sprint-run times and to determine the influence of age and weight on the WAnT scores. The 56 male volunteers (age 10–15 years) recruited from a track club and junior high school represented a wide range of athletic abilities. Subjects were tested for anaerobic power (5 sec output) and capacity (30 sec output) using the Wingate test procedures. Wingate scores for anaerobic power and capacity were only moderately correlated with 50 yd dash times (r = ?.53 and ?.53) and with the 600 yd run (r = ?.26 and ?.29). Partial correlations between these variables were lower when age adjusted and higher when adjusted for body weight. Results of this study indicate that the Wingate anaerobic test is only a moderate predictor of dash or run times, but becomes a stronger predictor when WAnT scores are adjusted for body weight. The high correlation of the WAnT with body weight must be taken into account when comparing the anaerobic capacity of individuals. The standing long jump would be the preferred field test of sprint-related ability because of its simplicity, but the Wingate lest has the advantage of providing a quantitative measurement of anaerobic fitness. 相似文献
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实验对象为接受专业和业余训练的运动员68名(男),采用MONARK868功率自行车作为测试仪器,以Vandewall(1987年)建立的F—V方法测定最大功率。实验结果表明,受试者力(P_o),速度(V_o)值的大小及其组合模式与他们所具有的无氧能力强弱和他们从事的项目有关。同时也提示,利用F—V测试方法提供的P_o,V_o值信息可以在一定程度上分析评定不同对象的无氧能力。 相似文献
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陈津津 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(6):28-29
本文主要通过实验的方法,探讨肌酸的补充对受试者无氧运动能力的影响,以国际通行的标准无氧运动能力测试的方法,求出其最高无氧动力、无氧能力、平均无氧动力和疲劳指数,以了解肌酸的补充对无氧运动能力的影响。 相似文献
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何强 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(3):66-70
为探讨我国优秀女子摔跤运动员身体机能特征,采用文献资料、调查和实验等方法,对53名优秀女子摔跤运动员身体机能指标进行统计分析。结果表明:1)优秀女子摔跤运动员身体机能主要由无氧能力因子、有氧能力因子、恢复能力因子和激素水平因子构成,表现为机体无氧、有氧能力强,恢复能力好,雄性激素水平相对较高;2)相对平均无氧功率、相对最大摄氧量、血尿素和血清睾酮可作为女子摔跤运动员身体机能典型评价指标;3)"百分位数法"制订的不同体重级别女子摔跤运动员身体机能评价标准,能较好地反映现阶段优秀女子摔跤运动员的身体机能水平,可为优秀女子摔跤运动员的身体机能评定提供参考依据。 相似文献