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1.
Robert W. Schaaf 《Government Information Quarterly》1984,1(1):59-73
This article discusses the documentation of international, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), calling attention to the peculiarities of these materials and also their value for research. Acquisition, bibliographic control, and servicing of international publications are described, with particular emphasis given to the collections of the Library of Congress and other Washington based agencies. The importance of IGO documentation in microform is stressed along with the importance of education on international documentation. In connection with education of librarians, reference is made to the usefulness of professional associations and meetings and the desirability of cooperation between librarians who work with international documents and information personnel in the international organizations. 相似文献
2.
Information policy research is a critical tool in the arsenal of library and information science researchers. As developments occur in information access, use, technology, and management, information policies require more attention and research. The article describes the nature of government information policy and policy research, characteristics of policy research, and examples of research methods and approaches that can be used. The differences between textbook-based policy research and how policy research might be implemented in action are also discussed, as are the inter-connectedness of information policies and ways to describe impacts of information policies. The article recommends that researchers and professionals give greater education, training, and professional association attention to using policy research on a day-to-day basis. 相似文献
3.
《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2013,9(1):57-78
Abstract Access to geospatial information continues to be central to the mission of geography and map libraries. Providing or facilitating access has been, and continues to be, a dynamic process in light of both technological change and policy challenges. While technological changes in providing access to information have gathered much attention in the literature, substantive discussions regarding policies and practices that prevent or assist information access to geospatial information have been lacking. This second paper focuses on trends related to policy and practice in terms of sharing and use of geospatial information. These comparative policy and practice perspectives are also needed in order to point to the true promise held by technologies for sharing, exemplified by digital libraries designed for geospatial information as was pointed to in the first paper. On the whole, both papers join together by suggesting a role for librarians, especially through the construct of the geolibrary. 相似文献
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Much of information policy is focused on establishing the parameters of information access—ensuring or limiting access to certain types of information. Given how central information access is to virtually every aspect of society, policy can be seen as one of the most significant forces influencing the information society. Recent events, however, have fueled changes in the ways that some governments use policy to shape access, none more significantly than the United States. This paper examines the meanings of and relationships between policy and access, as well as their key roles in society and democratic participation. Following an examination of the historical and social impacts of policies about access, the article analyzes the perspectives of the Bush administration on how policy should shape information access as an illustration of the relationships between policy and access. The paper examines the issues raised by the Bush administration’s views on access and policy and the implications of their policies for the United States, for the global information society, and for research related to information. Ultimately, the paper raises questions about the extent to which information policies about access can be used for overtly political purposes, what might be described as “information politics,” without significantly altering the meaning of information access in a society. 相似文献
5.
《Government Information Quarterly》1987,4(2):189-196
An OMB circular is a policy directive that tells Federal executive agencies how they shall implement laws or presidential policies. OMB Circular No. A-130, Management of Federal Information Resources, prescribes a general policy framework within the Paperwork Reduction Act for developing uniform and consistent Federal information resources management policies. The need for the policy framework was identified by the Commission on Federal Paperwork, and reaffirmed by the General Accounting Office and the Congress. The Circular enunciates some policies regarding dissemination of information for which Congress has not provided explicit statutory guidance. The Circular is quite general in its policy statements and does not subdistinguish various categories of government information. The principal impact of the Circular will be a continuing emphasis on planning for information resources management. 相似文献
6.
[目的/意义]通过对国外机构知识库存缴机制与政策的调查分析,希望为我国机构知识库在内容存缴机制和政策保障方面提供借鉴。[方法/过程]首先,从存缴内容、存缴方式及流程、组织保障3方面对国外机构知识库的存缴机制进行研究,其次,从资助机构和科研机构存缴政策两方面对国外机构知识库存缴政策进行详细的分析。[结果/结论]通过对国外机构知识库存缴机制与政策的分析,发现国外机构知识库存缴内容和来源多种多样,中介存缴、OAI-PMH开放获取收割方式是必然趋势;在存缴政策方面,资助机构和科研机构实施的强制性存缴政策对资源的存缴起着决定性作用,尤其是在国家不同层面制定政策来促进资源的存缴;在科研机构层面政策的制定上,辅助以激励政策,与科研管理系统相关联进行科研评价也是促进资源存缴与开放的一种新的政策模式。 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2013,9(1):7-39
Abstract Geospatial information access continues to be central to the mission of geography and map libraries. Providing or facilitating access has been, and continues to be, a dynamic process in light of both technological change and policy challenges. While technological changes in providing access have gathered much attention in the literature, substantive discussions regarding policies and practices preventing or assisting information access have been lacking. Even more troubling is the fact that archiving digital geospatial information receives even less attention. This first paper reviews developments and trends with regard to digital geospatial libraries, as this concept has become the primary metaphor by which access is measured. The second paper will focus on international trends related to the effect of policy and practice in terms of promoting the sharing and use of geospatial information needed to bridge gaps in access. These comparative policy and practice perspectives are also needed in order to point to the true promise held by new technologies for sharing, exemplified by digital libraries designed for geospatial information. 相似文献
8.
Anna-Marie Arnold 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):199-207
Information and information technology developments are influencing the economies of many countries. Information needs to be made available and accessible in countries for industrial, educational and governmental purposes. Information is also an asset of unpredictable value. For these reasons, governments should acknowledge and value the relevance of such information, and therefore address it through national policies. Many countries have developed national information policies which reflect the values that governments attach to the access to and the availability of information in their countries. The most important influences on the development of a national information policy are based on the country's socio-political circumstances. Developing countries are advised to focus attention in their national information policies on aspects concerning socio-economic development, the application of information and access to information. 相似文献
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Ian Hosein 《Government Information Quarterly》2005,22(4):594-625
Prior concerns regarding terrorism resulted in a rush to legislate. Now terrorism is not the only issue in the new security agenda, and we appear to have stopped rushing our legislative processes. Yet, policies are still emerging with a lack of public discourse and legislative deliberation. This article reviews two such policies: access to personal information held by airlines and new border practices that include the collection and processing of biometrics. By looking at the negotiations between the U.S. and the European Commission on passenger name records (PNR), the debates in Canada regarding the collection of passenger information, and the deployment of the US-VISIT system, we identify a number of policy dynamics. We can see within these dynamics of policy formation some essential ingredients for discourse and deliberation, which may inform future debates. In particular, this article argues that we may inform policy by looking at the international, regulatory, legal, and technological dynamics of policy. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 《图书馆权利法案》是图书馆权利、图书馆智识自由这一核心政策群之灵魂,对其制定与修订过程的微观研究不但有益于图书馆权利问题的探讨,亦可为图书馆政策的制定和修订提供参考。[方法/过程] 采用政策分析、历史研究的视角,从8个《图书馆权利法案》版本的文本异同出发,结合相应的政策信息和文献资料进行分析。[结果/结论] 总结单一调整、综合调整、条款增删和反复调整4类文本修订方式和效果,并结合大规模修订、小规模修订、被否定的修订3种场景还原政策修订过程、参与者的角色地位,进行修订程序的分析,发现ALA在政策制定过程中体现了回应社会环境变迁与守护职业立场的功能。 相似文献
12.
《Government Information Quarterly》2004,21(4):399-405
Why should we care about our information? As we enter the era of homeland security, one can see a new premium being placed on the role of information to fight terrorism while the policies related to government information practices are in a state of flux. Exactly how these policies are evolving is not always clear. Yet, the decisions being made now will likely have a lasting impact for years to come. In an attempt to better understand dynamics underlying these changes, a number of questions regarding the use, control, and protection of personal and public information are posed in this introduction to the symposium issue. We also review some of the major themes examined in greater detail by the contributors to the symposium. These issues include the role of e-government in homeland security, the emphasis on information sharing, the emergence of new information classification categories, the growth of data mining, and the eroding sense of privacy. While a number of reasons can be offered to justify one policy alternative over another, we conclude that the importance of these issues suggests that they are best debated and implemented during a time not under duress when decisions made in the heat of the moment can lead to unintended consequences. 相似文献
13.
Madina Kairatbekkyzy 《图书馆管理杂志》2013,53(7):845-853
ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the level of international scientific publication by Kazakhstani researchers, and considers the problem of access to international scientific resources in Kazakhstan, a developing country. Key areas of the discussion are Kazakhstan's strategic plans and policies regarding science, roles of international publishers in science, and the relationship between international publishers and the government of Kazakhstan. The article bears the informative meaning and has no research and findings. However, this is a good start point for the author and other Kazakhstani library and information professionals to study the subject more deeply and propose solutions for the good of all. 相似文献
14.
Education and research are the cornerstones of Africa's socioeconomic and political development. Yet several barriers stand in the way of Africa's education and research institutions in realizing their full potential. This paper examines copyright as a barrier in the access and use of electronic resources in Africa's education and research contexts. This paper addresses this policy question by examining the extent to which the draft policy on research and intellectual property rights management of Makerere University advances access to resources and the open sharing of knowledge. Based on the critical analysis of Makerere's policy, this paper notes that openness should trump other institutional interests in the copyright system. The position taken in the paper is that institutional policies should advance open sharing of information and knowledge (internal or external to the institution). Short-term legal remedies are proposed based on various Creative Commons' licenses that are designed to advance openness within existing national copyright statutes. Long-term remedies suggested involve reforming national and international laws and instruments to advance openness including protecting existing provisions for education and research. Protection of education and research activities can be attained by not simply availing the existing exceptions and limitations but also precluding statutory exceptions and limitations from being overridden by contractual licenses. The proposed short and long-term remedies are expected to be addressed by institutional policies to facilitate in the access and use of e-resources (and other research and educational resources). 相似文献
15.
Dick Kawooya 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):226-235
Education and research are the cornerstones of Africa's socioeconomic and political development. Yet several barriers stand in the way of Africa's education and research institutions in realizing their full potential. This paper examines copyright as a barrier in the access and use of electronic resources in Africa's education and research contexts. This paper addresses this policy question by examining the extent to which the draft policy on research and intellectual property rights management of Makerere University advances access to resources and the open sharing of knowledge. Based on the critical analysis of Makerere's policy, this paper notes that openness should trump other institutional interests in the copyright system. The position taken in the paper is that institutional policies should advance open sharing of information and knowledge (internal or external to the institution). Short-term legal remedies are proposed based on various Creative Commons' licenses that are designed to advance openness within existing national copyright statutes. Long-term remedies suggested involve reforming national and international laws and instruments to advance openness including protecting existing provisions for education and research. Protection of education and research activities can be attained by not simply availing the existing exceptions and limitations but also precluding statutory exceptions and limitations from being overridden by contractual licenses. The proposed short and long-term remedies are expected to be addressed by institutional policies to facilitate in the access and use of e-resources (and other research and educational resources). 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 日本开放获取运动的发展在亚洲遥遥领先,研究日本强制性开放获取政策对推动我国开放获取政策的制定和实施具有借鉴意义。[方法/过程] 通过查阅国内外开放获取政策相关文献和调研日本15个机构实施的强制性开放获取政策,从开放目的、开放获取对象、版权声明和责任归属4个方面分析政策内容,从政策制定参与主体多元化、大学占主体、专门委员会负责管理运营和政策评估、政策允许撤回学术成果以及政策侧重点不断调整等几个角度归纳政策实施特征。[结果/结论] 从构建自上而下的开放获取政策体系、政策以重点高校为侧重点、逐步推广、成立高校机构知识库管理委员会,以及强化图书馆员和科研人员开放获取意识等几个方面对我国开放获取政策的制定与实施提出建议。 相似文献
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通过比较国外学术信息的“开放存取”运动和“公众存取科学文献”政策的异同及对相关实践经验进行分析，强调“公众存取”政策对于改善学术信息传播具有重要意义。针对国内外学术信息传播领域的现状，探讨我国实行公众存取政策的必要性和可行性，进而提出在制定政策的过程中应注意的一些问题。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 通过社交媒介进行信息转发已成为慈善信息扩散的重要手段,对扩大筹款范围和提高筹款效率起着关键作用。旨在探讨影响慈善信息转发行为的关键前因要素及其作用机理。[方法/过程] 基于说服传播理论,从信息渠道、信息来源、信息接受者和信息内容4个层面厘清影响公众转发态度的前因要素;引入双重态度理论,揭示外显态度和内隐态度对转发行为的作用差异。通过SC-IAT实验和问卷调查相结合的方式收集数据,使用结构方程模型方法对模型进行验证。[结果/结论] 研究发现,相较于外显态度通过作用于转发意愿进而影响转发行为,内隐态度可以直接对转发行为进行预测;外显态度的形成受到社会联结强度、来源可信度和信息质量的影响,而内隐态度仅由来源可信度塑造。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]澳大利亚是开放获取（OA）运动的引领者和积极践行者,研究澳大利亚大学开放获取政策的现状和特点,对国内开放获取运动的顺利推进有积极借鉴意义。[方法/过程]搜集澳大利亚38所大学和2个官方资助机构的共计40份开放获取政策原文,以此为基础对原文进行统计分析和文本解读,从澳大利亚开放获取政策的发布时间、产生机制、实现途径、政策目的、实施范围、概念定义、存缴类型、开放要求、各方职责、版权声明这10个方面,较为全面地揭示澳大利亚大学开放获取政策的现状和特点。[结果/结论]澳大利亚大学开放获取政策有以下特点：澳大利亚的大部分大学都发布了开放获取政策,占比88.6%的高普及率归功于政府科研资助机构的政策示范和经费推动;各大学对开放获取政策持积极态度,自上而下推进政策发布与实施;各大学偏向于支持和鼓励绿色OA的发展之路,对科研成果的OA自存储规定偏强制性;对OA政策的相关概念给出了明确定义,内容完整规范清晰,可操作性强。以此为基础提出了推动我国开放获取运动的建议。 相似文献