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1.
《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(4):313-322
The evoked startle reflex (SR) has proven effective in measuring attention to simple stimuli; however, an initial investigation of the SR during television viewing found that emotion dominated the responses. This article reports an experiment that paired the acoustic startle probe with a sub-startle threshold acoustic prepulse. The interval between these two acoustic stimuli was varied while participants watched emotional television. When a startle probe closely follows the prepulse (< 500 ms), the SR is attenuated (known as prepulse inhibition). Previous work with simple stimuli demonstrated that at short intervals, the degree of inhibition indexes attention, and at longer intervals, the SR indexes emotion. Current data show a strong effect for emotion and for prepulse inhibition, but there is no evidence of attentional modulation during television viewing. SRs were largest during unpleasant scenes at every interval, which accords with the emotion-driven pattern. This replicates previous findings suggesting that startle probe methodology is a reliable measure of emotional responding to television. However, unlike simple stimuli, the SR appears not to index attention to television. The larger effect of emotion corresponds with past work suggesting that emotional responses to television are greater in magnitude than those to affective pictures. 相似文献
2.
《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(4):311-330
Previous research has demonstrated the post-auricular (PA) reflex to be a potentially valid measure of emotional response during mediated stimuli. However, the PA reflex has not been examined during television viewing. The goal of this study was to examine whether the PA reflex may serve as a useful indicator of emotional responding to television content. PA reflexes were measured while experimental participants viewed television advertisements varying in emotional valence (pleasant and unpleasant) and arousal (high and low). The PA reflexes were greatest during viewing of pleasant television advertisements that were highest in arousal. The findings replicated recent results and provided further validation that the PA reflex may indicate strength of activation in the human appetitive motivational system. The results provide new evidence demonstrating the measure's potential validity for mass communication researchers. 相似文献
3.
Francesca R. Dillman Carpentier Elise M. Stevens Lu Wu Natalee Seely 《Mass Communication and Society》2017,20(5):686-709
This study documents the extent of sexual content, including sexual health content, in scenes with and without expressions of love on network and cable television popular with emerging adults. Sexual talk and/or behavior was found in 20% of all television scenes coded across 53.5 hours of programming. One third of these scenes featured sex alongside expressions of love. An additional 10% of scenes suggested love but not sex. Coded as a separate category, 25% of analyzed scenes contained a passing joke or pun referencing sexual organs, making these nonspecific, comedic one-liners the predominant reference to sex in this sample. Beyond jokes, most of the sexual or loving talk in this sample consisted of expressing a romantic interest in someone; sex- and love-related behaviors largely consisted of kissing or flirting. Very few scenes specifically referenced sexual intercourse. Sexual health messages were also rare. The majority of scenes mentioning any health consequence (7% of analyzed scenes) concerned emotional heartache. One scene mentioned sexually transmitted infections; 12 of the nearly 2,600 scenes coded mentioned condoms or contraceptives. It is thus a challenging proposition to build upon existing sexual depictions on television to promote safe sex practices within sexual and loving contexts. 相似文献
4.
《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(3):378-384
In an effort to discover a means of empirical distinction between normal and problem television viewing, 2 reliable measures of television addiction were created by writing items to reflect established criteria used in psychiatry for the detection of substance dependence. One measure contains 4 factors measuring distinct components of addictive behavior: heavy viewing, problem viewing, craving for viewing, and withdrawal. Supporting construct validity, these factors were positively related to an alcoholism screening instrument adapted to television use, and to television exposure. The second measure is reliable and unidimensional. 相似文献
5.
Jane D. Brown Xinshu Zhao Mena Ning Wang Quan Liu Amy Shirong Lu Lucille Jing Li 《亚洲交流杂志》2013,23(3):229-247
A large sample of entertainment television programs that were aired on 28 channels in China in 2004 was analyzed for romantic and sexual content. Romantic scenes, typically portraying men and women already in committed relationships, appeared in 80% of the 196 programs analyzed. The analysis suggested that, according to Chinese television in the early part of the twenty-first century, emotional love was more important than physical sexual interaction in romantic relationships. More than half of the 1112 romantic scenes analyzed depicted love between the partners without any discussion or display of physical sexual behavior. Only 8% of scenes included discussion or depiction of sexual behavior (e.g., touching, kissing, and intercourse) without some sense that the partners were in a loving, committed relationship. Sexual intercourse was implied or depicted in fewer than 2% of the romantic scenes. Findings are discussed in light of the Chinese government's periodic regulation of sexually suggestive media content and attempts to filter Internet content. The extent to which such content may affect young viewers' perceptions of romantic relationships and sexual behavior is also discussed. 相似文献
6.
This study examines how the order and proportion of scene valence within a television news story influence viewers' processing of political information. The results of the study, based on structural equation modeling and Sobel's mediation analysis, suggest that, in a news story about a political candidate, positive information on the candidate is recalled better if he or she is praised at the beginning of the story and then criticized at the end than if he or she is criticized first and praised later. In addition, there was a strong proportion effect. Stories with a high proportion of positive scenes were more likely to increase the participant's recall of positive information and induce his or her favorable attitudes and voting intentions than those with a low proportion of positive scenes. 相似文献
7.
《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(3):221-240
Memory plays a role in many communications theories; however, few studies consider individual differences in memory. The results are reported here for two original studies designed to reconstruct a previously validated measure for television memory constructed to assess how people forget information over time. The remote television memory test assesses recognition memory for the titles of broadcast television programs canceled after a single season. Results from two studies show that the measure is reliable across repeated administrations among independent samples, exhibits a forgetting curve over time, is uncorrelated with total television viewing, appears to be approximately normally distributed, and predicts social reality estimates typical of the cultivation effect independently from total viewing. More work is needed to further assess the construct validity of the measure. Practical implications of administration also are discussed. 相似文献
8.
《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(1):94-109
This study examines the effect of the rate of edits (camera changes in the same visual scene) on viewers' arousal and memory. The rate of edits varied from slow to very fast. Results show that as the rate of edits increases physiological arousal, self-reported arousal, and memory increase. It is suggested that edits can increase attention to and encoding of television message content without significantly increasing the cognitive load of the message. 相似文献
9.
《Journalism Practice》2013,7(9):1042-1056
ABSTRACTOn television news, exemplification is almost inevitable, as newscast cannot represent reality but through a particular object that is caught on camera: the only way to signify something abstract on television is precisely through a concrete particularity. The present study analyzes the main stories in a sample of national broadcast news in Chile, where broadcast news remains the most important source of information. Based on a content analysis, results show that particular case reports are widespread in Chilean television news, especially in hard news stories about the economy and crime. They also further evidence on the homogenization of television coverage between commercially run private and public broadcasters. Findings are linked to past research in the Latin American theoretical tradition that underscores the relevance of vivid and emotional representation on television. 相似文献
10.
Jeff Seger 《Communication methods and measures》2017,11(1):31-48
Construct validity was investigated of a measure of remote past television viewing in which adults reported their childhood viewing of specific television series. Good recall of past viewing was predicted due to two robust memory capabilities, specifically, high accuracy at estimating frequency of exposure to stimuli, and durable long-term memories for repeatedly-encountered material. Validity was tested by examining relationships between self-reported childhood TV viewing and current aggression. Results indicated that recalled childhood viewing of programs containing violent content was positively related to adult aggressive behavior directly, and aggressive cognitions indirectly, independently of adult exposure to violent TV programs, exposure to nonviolent TV programs, parental disciplinary style, and sex. A valid self-report measure of remote past TV viewing behavior can enable researchers to examine, in a relatively quick and inexpensive manner, long-term relationships between early viewing of any television content and any later psychological outcomes of interest. 相似文献
11.
移动图书馆场景化信息接受内容适配剖析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的/意义]为提升用户信息接受体验的愉悦度,挖掘用户在不同场景的信息需求期望、信息搜索习惯和信息接受的偏好,并为用户所处场景适配内容是目前业界需要解决的实际问题。[方法/过程]运用微聚合理论对用户情境进行多维度分析,并通过场景识别搭建移动图书馆场景化信息接受内容适配框架。从"场景-内容-情境"适配的视角出发,构建移动图书馆场景化信息接受内容适配机理模型。[结果/结论]以云舟知识服务空间为例,对其信息接受内容适配程度进行分析,规划移动图书馆场景化信息接受的内容适配路径。 相似文献
12.
Lemi Baruh Ph.D. 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(2):190-210
Given that reality television is not a cohesive genre, a better understanding of the frequently noted voyeuristic appeal of reality programs would require an analysis of content features that may contribute to their voyeuristic appeal. A survey administered to television viewers and a content analysis of reality programs support hypotheses regarding the voyeuristic appeal of reality programs in general, and suggest that scenes which adopt a “fly on the wall perspective,” take place in private settings, contain nudity, and/or include gossip, contribute to the voyeuristic appeal of reality programs. 相似文献
13.
Elizabeth L. Cohen Nicholas D. Bowman Alexander L. Lancaster 《Mass Communication and Society》2016,19(2):149-172
Viewers regularly watch television with others, but the role of coviewing is often overlooked in entertainment effects models. Further, the models are rarely investigated in natural settings, limiting their ecological validity. The current study used experience sampling via text message to examine college students’ daily coviewing behaviors. Momentary assessments were taken 3 times a day for 1 week. Respondents reported their happiness during viewing and the enjoyableness of their experiences. Consistent with emotional contagion theory, data suggest that increases in emotional intensity mediated the effect of emotional contagion on program enjoyment, but only among respondents who reported coviewing with someone else. These results provide preliminary evidence that social context is partially responsible for contagious transfer of affect during entertainment experiences. 相似文献
14.
An online survey of 457 parents identifies factors associated with parents' intentions to allow their children to watch 18 common television scenes. Results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated that, with some exceptions, parents identified the scenes as 3 distinct factors representing violence, nudity and sexuality-related, and family-oriented content. Further, results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that mediation style explained a greater portion of the variance in parents' likelihood to let their children watch this content than either family communication patterns (FCP) or relevant demographic characteristics. 相似文献
15.
《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(3):503-520
Twenty years ago researchers found that quite apart from the manifest content of television commercials aimed at children, certain formal features showed a marked tendency to vary according to the sex of the target consumers: in particular certain post-production features (transitions and voice-overs). The current study involved a content analysis of formal features in 117 toy advertisements broadcast on British television. Statistically significant differences were found for the same features and also for camera work. 相似文献
16.
This study explores the culture of sexualizing the (female) body in music entertainment television. A quantitative content analysis was conducted, analyzing 9,369 scenes from 1,393 music videos and 180 programs, broadcast on Belgian music entertainment channels. Results indicated that 39.3% of the coded scenes contained sexualizing messages. These sexualizing messages were predominantly messages equating (female) Western body ideals to being sexually attractive. Music videos were shown to be a more sexualizing genre than nonfictional programs and fictional programs. Findings are discussed in light of objectification theory. 相似文献
17.
新一代信息技术革命正推动着新一代内容范式的建构。作为一种新的内容范式,内容在作为资讯传达的深度价值之外,还具有作为情感和关系表达的宽度价值,以及内容作为一种传播场景的媒介价值。虽然资讯内容的价值属性未改变,但专业媒介面临工作重心从直接内容生产向数据挖掘与生产组织协调的转型。泛众化传播到来的同时传播的情感和关系属性被放大,视频表达的宽信息容量彰显了内容作为引发关系认同和情感共鸣的宽度价值。面对碎片化传播语境与流动中的用户,无所不在、无处不有的内容作为一种场景的媒介价值显现出来--通过内容聚合趣缘用户,再通过数据驱动建构场景连接,最后促进供需双方的价值变现。 相似文献
18.
A review of the emotional support and social support literature indicates a paucity of instruments which directly measure the phenomena of interest. While many have utilized assessments of “strong” or “weak” links between relational partners, they have not examined the communication modalities specifically. They have also tended to view emotional support as a unilateral product of a source or receiver rather than a product of communicative interactions. In order to examine support more carefully, a unidimensional instrument was developed to measure the communication of emotional support in relationships. As tests of convergent validity, it was suggested that perceptions of emotional support will be positively correlated to perceptions of relational solidarity and relational quality. The final instrument consisted of 13 communication based items with high reliability and evidence of internal, face, and convergent validity. 相似文献
19.
[目的/意义]移动图书馆的信息接受发生在特定的场景,如何有效地进行场景化营销,提升信息接受绩效是移动图书馆研究的重点和难点,已逐渐引起学界的重视。[研究设计/方法]基于移动图书馆信息行为规律的相关研究,结合市场营销和场景理论的研究成果,从用户信息接受体验视角,剖析了移动图书馆场景营销,进而通过“场景—行为—情境”的多维度适配实现信息空间再造。[结论/发现]移动图书馆场景营销不仅可以动态地锁定目标用户,为其提供精准的个性化服务和多元化的一站式服务,还可以促进场景营销的不断迭代,为激发用户信息接受和刺激移动图书馆服务创新提供指导。[创新/价值]将场景纳入移动图书馆营销视野,为移动图书馆营销提供新的思路,提升用户信息接受的持续意愿。 相似文献
20.
Justin Robert Keene Eric E. Rasmussen Collin K. Berke Rebecca L. Densley Travis Loof Robyn B. Adams 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2019,47(2):153-174
Parental coviewing – the act of being present when a child is watching television – can influence the child’s cognitive processing and emotional reactions. This study investigated the role coviewing has on the child’s cognitive processing – which is evidenced by the phasic psychophysiological orienting response to three types of information: plot explicit, educational explicit, and implicit inference. An experiment was conducted that measured the heart rate of children (N?=?88; mean age?=?9.12 years) while watching messages either with or without a parent present in the room. It was predicted, and found, that coviewing leads to greater resource allocation to encoding the message – as indicated by phasic cardiac deceleration, and that information that required internal processing, such as plot explicit or implicit inferential content, leads to greater resources allocated to internal processing – as indicated by phasic cardiac acceleration. Implications for parental mediation strategies and educational television programming are given. 相似文献