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1.
以新自由主义为指导思想的英国撒切尔政府认为,20世纪六七十年代工党所实行的综合化运动由于过分强调平等而忽略了学生的差异,造成了教育质量的下降,因此从20世纪80年代末开始在基础教育阶段实行多样化和择校政策,将市场消费理念引入教育,家长可以像选择商品一样为其子女选择学校,通过学校的多样化满足不同能力和兴趣学生的需求。通过学校之间的竞争达到教育质量的提高。但是,保守党的择校政策引发了教育公平方面的质疑。新工党执政后,在继续推行择校政策的同时,对择校政策加以完善,试图寻求择校政策中公平与效率之间的平衡。 相似文献
2.
众所周知．瑞典是一个福利国家．其择校制度直观地体现了国家福利的普及。自1992年起．瑞典政府为家长们提供的择校券就等价于75％的地方公立学校中每个学生所需的教育费用．这些钱足够提供学生就读任何私立学校．无论是非营利性的还是营利性的抑或是宗教性质的学校．只要学校获得瑞典国家教育署的批准就能进入被选择的范围． 相似文献
3.
一、择校的历史及现状
择校,即选择学校,在国外指学生可以到政府指定学校之外的学校就读。在我国,它具体指家长放弃义务教育阶段适龄儿童按学区免费就近入学的优惠政策,主动选择其他学校就读的教育选择现象。它源于20世纪80年代末私立学校的创建,最早也是指学生对公立和私立学校的选择。而当前我们所讨论的择校多是家长或学生在教育质量不同的学校之间的选择,尤其是普通学校和重点学校之间的选择。 相似文献
4.
美国家长择校能力研究进展及启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
美国择校改革中,家长有择校的意愿,并能够通过获得择校相关信息为子女做出正确的选择。实证研究表明,家长择校改善了学生学业成绩。这一研究结论对我国学校改革中注重家长参与具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
5.
张旸 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2002,21(3):106-108
义务教育阶段的择校现象有反对和支持两种观点.原因在于教育经费投入严重不足,家长向往高质量的学校教育.解决学生与学校的供求矛盾,首先在思想观念上接受择校;其次建立学校评估制度,探寻为学生和家长接受的择校方式;第三政府应加大对薄弱学校的投资力度. 相似文献
6.
美国择校改革中,家长有择校的意愿,并能够通过获得择校相关信息为子女做出正确的选择.实证研究表明,家长择校改善了学生学业成绩.这一研究结论对我国学校改革中注重家长参与具有借鉴意义. 相似文献
7.
美国中小学的择校问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
一、美国中小学择校制度的形成择校于八九十年代开始流行于美国。在此之前的一百年时间里,美国一直实行免费的、强制性的义务教育制度。公立中小学学生就近入学,不能自由选择学校(私立学校和教会学校除外)。即使家长掌握了学校质量好坏 相似文献
8.
自20世纪80年代以来，英美国家的教育经费总的来讲未见增长，但是学生数却在增加。为此，英美国家推行教育改革。其中之一，就是推行家长择校制度，旨在通过家长择校影响学校的招生数，进而影响学校获得的教育经费，促进学校提高办学效益英国早在《1944年教育法》中就有关于择校的规定，“学生应根据家长的意愿来接受教育。”《1980年教育法》对家长择校的规定有了扩展：家长有权得到关于被选择学校的资料；除非学校已经人满为患或有其他理由，否则家长的选择一般应得到满足；家长对地方教育当局的决定有权上诉；家长有权进入学校董事会。《… 相似文献
9.
家长择校问题涉及到公民受教育权的保障,需要进行严格的监督和限制。美国政府管制家长择校的法理基础是教育机会均等原则。美国政府一方面通过教育券计划、教育税抵免计划、帮助残疾学生,加强对弱势家庭学生的扶助;另一方面通过建立完善的学校信息系统、防范学校设立不公平的入学筛选标准,强化对一般家长择校的控制。 相似文献
10.
一、初中择校生产生的背景分析择校主要有四种类型:以地段择校,以分数择校,以钱择校,以权择校。但不管是什么类型的择校,其产生的原因大致如下:1.家长为自己的子女选择好的学校,他们认为自己的子女只有在质量好的重点学校才能接受到更好的教育,在家长的心目中,学校有重点与非重点之分。他们宁可在子女的教育问题上花钱,也要“择校”,把子女送进“重点学校”就学。2.“就近入学”的实施,小学升中学取消考试,中学逐渐取消重点与非重点之分,学生按地段大规模“划片就近入学”,以示素质教育的推进和教育机会的平等。由于教育资金投入的不合理,学… 相似文献
11.
Somali Swedes’ Reasons for Choosing a Muslim-Profiled School—Recognition and Educational Ambitions as Important Influencing Factors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gunnel Mohme 《Journal of School Choice》2017,11(2):239-257
This article analyzes choice strategies among a group of Somali Swedes at a Muslim-profiled compulsory school. In the Swedish debate these schools are alleged to be divisive, with values incompatible with the goals of Swedish schools. The study explores whether there are other reasons behind school choice than the school’s faith profile, concluding that for the group in question, it is also important to find a school in accordance with high educational ambitions and respect for rather than discrimination toward their faith, culture, and skin color. 相似文献
12.
Market theory positions the consumer as a rational choice actor, making informed schooling choices on the basis of ‘hard’ evidence of relative school effectiveness. Yet there are concerns that parents simply choose schools based on socio-demographic characteristics, thus leading to greater social segregation and undercutting the potential of choice to drive quality improvements. In this paper, we explore segregation by examining catchment areas for a range of public high schools in a specific middle-class urban area. We focus on socio-demographic characteristics, including levels of income, country of birth and religion affiliation, in order to explore residential segregation according to public high school catchment areas. Our data suggest distinct residential segregation between catchment areas for each public school within our data-set, particularly for the schools deemed to be popular and rejected, that may pose risks for broader equity concerns. We argue that, in contrast to market theory, even more affluent and active choosers are not equipped with information on the programmatic quality of their different school options, but instead may be relying on socio-demographic characteristics of schools – through surrogate information about the urban spaces that the schools occupy – in order to choose peer groups, if not programmes, for their children. 相似文献
13.
Parents in the United States have had the legal right to choose the school their child attends for a long time. Traditionally, parental school choice took the form of families moving to a neighborhood with good public schools or self-financing private schooling. Contemporary education policies allow parents in many areas to choose from among public schools in neighboring districts, public magnet schools, public charter schools, private schools through the use of a voucher or tax-credit scholarship, virtual schools, or even homeschooling. The newest form of school choice is education savings accounts (ESAs), which make a portion of the funds that a state spends on children in public schools available to their parents in spending accounts that they can use to customize their children's education. Opponents claim that expanding private school choice yields no additional benefits to participants and generates significant harms to the students “left behind” in traditional public schools. A review of the empirical research on private school choice finds evidence that private school choice delivers some benefits to participating students—particularly in the area of educational attainment—and tends to help, albeit to a limited degree, the achievement of students who remain in public schools. 相似文献
14.
A key assumption of school choice and competition policies is that parents’ most important (if not only) priority when choosing a school is its quality. However, evidence about which of a school's attributes really drives parental choice is still scarce. We use census data from a parent questionnaire in Chile, a country with a national school choice and competition system, to describe the attributes most commonly considered by parents when choosing a school, and to assess how the probability of prioritizing those attributes varies with the parents’ socioeconomic characteristics, while controlling for other characteristics of the family. We find that parents choosing a school prioritize its proximity, its quality, and whether it provides religious education. Furthermore, the probability of parents prioritizing proximity is higher for parents of low socioeconomic status, while the probability of them prioritizing quality and religious education is higher for parents of high socioeconomic status. These findings show that only advantaged families choose schools based on their quality, and therefore school choice and competition policies may offer a limited benefit for disadvantaged pupils, possibly maintaining or reinforcing socioeconomic segregation in the education system. 相似文献
15.
Johan Wennström 《教育政策杂志》2020,35(5):665-691
ABSTRACT In a radical school choice reform in 1992, Sweden’s education system was opened to private competition from independent for-profit and non-profit schools funded by vouchers. Competition was expected to produce higher-quality education at lower cost, in both independent and public schools. This two-pronged study first examines to what extent the consequences of this reform deviate from the predicted results. It demonstrates increasing discrepancies between absolute test results and grades, suggesting grade inflation. Secondly, the study investigates whether the school choice reform was institutionally secured against school competition based on phenomena that are unrelated with educational quality, such as grading. It reveals that the architects of the school choice reform overemphasized the potential positive implications of market reforms and, therefore, did not deem it necessary to establish appropriate rules and institutions for school competition. Instead, grading and curriculum reforms had unintended consequences such as grade inflation and similar forms of school competition in dimensions other than school quality. The analysis of how the objective of raising the quality in Sweden’s schools through competition and choice was inadvertently undermined contains practical lessons for policymakers with regard to the use of privatization and co-production both in schools and in other fields. 相似文献
16.
To improve the quality of education, one can either directly reward performance or introduce school choice, private provision, and demand subsidies. The Chilean voucher scheme combines both approaches: an attendance-related subsidy favors school choice and creates incentives for schools to promote attendance throughout the year. With imperfect monitoring, however, institutions may respond by manipulating performance indicators. By analyzing audit data, we find evidence that a large fraction of Chilean schools – including public schools – over-report attendance, with a higher prevalence among for-profit and under-achieving institutions. Expenditure data suggest that manipulation among for-profit schools seems to follow rent extraction purposes rather than educational goals. 相似文献
17.
This paper explores the relationships between parents' reasons for choosing a magnet school and their levels of satisfaction, involvement, and influence with the school. Data are reported from over a thousand magnet school parents in two urban districts. The results suggest three general findings: (1) As reported in previous research, magnet school parents choose schools for a wide array of reasons and are highly satisfied with their chosen school; (2) parents' reasons for choice are important predictors of their levels of satisfaction, influence, and involvement with the school; and (3) parents who choose for values reasons, as compared to other reasons, are more likely to be involved in and satisfied with their school of choice and report that parents have influence over school decisions. 相似文献
18.
This article investigates why school choice is exercised to a limited degree by parents despite major government initiatives to enhance diversity, competition and choice in the Danish education system. Denmark has had 20 years of centre‐right governments, promoting choice reforms perhaps even more vigorously than the other Nordic countries, yet school choice is seldom used – only 12% of parents choose a public school that differs from the one that is allocated to them. The literature on school choice in Denmark argues that this is primarily due to a general lack of parental interest because of the relatively high similarity across schools. In this article, we argue that the main reason is to be found in the politics of vested interests, namely municipalities’ persistent use of pupil assignment schemes supported by powerful teacher union branches at the local level. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, urban sociologists have shed light on the intensifying social inequality between the wealthiest and poorest neighborhoods in global cities; yet limited research has been done to illuminate the relationships between urban polarization and school choice (i.e., where parents choose schools for their children). This study sociospatially examines the patterns of secondary school choice in the global city of Toronto to illuminate the relationship between urban polarization and school choice. In doing so, this study combines Pierre Bourdieu’s sociospatial theory with a geographic information systems (GIS) approach. Overall, we found that popular schools and schools with specialized choice programs tend to be located in high-status neighborhoods, defined as neighborhoods with residents in the top 20% of family income, home prices, education attainment, and representation from the dominant culture. We also show that mobile students who choose popular schools or highly sought-after specialized programs tend to come from advantaged neighborhoods. Meanwhile, local students who choose a regular school in their neighborhood tend to come from low-status neighborhoods. With a new interdisciplinary approach, this study contributes to a more spatialized understanding of how social inequality and polarization account for school choice. 相似文献
20.
Gholamreza Arabsheibani 《Higher Education》1988,17(6):637-646
Before 1952 university education in Egypt was generally for the wealthier classes because the universities charged fees and only the richer families could pay those fees. For less wealthy families payment was more difficult, not only because of the direct cost of higher education, but also because of the high opportunity cost of sending children to study. After the 1952 revolution the Egyptian government introduced free education at all levels and encouraged those who wanted to further their education to enter universities. Thus elitism was eradicated from Egyptian higher education. This paper uses data from a sample of Egyptian university students and analyses the determinants of secondary school choice and the factors likely to affect secondary school certificate marks. In particular we are interested in the effect of family background, represented here by father's occupation.The results suggest that individuals with fathers in higher occupational categories tend to go to private schools rather than public schools. They also tend to choose general schools rather than technical or Koranic schools. In turn, high social background as well as attendance at a private school, have a positive and significant effect on examination marks. These findings are alarming because Egypt has a rate of increase in population of over 2% and the supply of university places will therefore have to be rationed. The most likely screening factor would be examination results and as a consequence Egyptian universities may in the future become elitist once more. 相似文献