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1.
This paper is a commentary on discursive transformations that occur in stories told about Xerox's photocopier technicians, comparing particularly Orr's brilliant ethnographic study and a later management case study. It argues that significant shifts take place in how knowledge is understood between these accounts so that what begins as elusive, oral, improvised and social becomes increasingly presented as encodable in a structured database, countable, auditable, individualistic. These ideological transformations seem much to do with Xerox's own historic need to rebrand itself, and simply to sell a commercial product. Thus, how knowledge is represented and what knowledge management might mean seems to be heavily influenced by corporate vested interests. The paper stresses the need to capture complexity in case studies if they are to promote a realistic or critical understanding of the organisation. 相似文献
2.
The purpose of this paper is to research firms’ knowledge management practices within the context of networked innovation between multiple actors. The analysis is based on case research carried out with six companies. Based on earlier literature and the theoretical framework of the paper, two models of networked innovation can be distinguished according to knowledge management needs: networks focusing on the transaction of explicit knowledge and intellectual property, and networks focusing on the co-creation of new knowledge and business opportunities. The paper argues that a strategic approach to knowledge management is a key element of success within networked innovation, both in the theory and in the practices of firms. In that way, firms are able to manage knowledge within networked innovation when they understand their partners’ business models and strategic intents, for example their motivation to collaborate. 相似文献
3.
在对知识工作的结构特征分析基础上,建立知识工作的程序化、规范化——生产率关系模型,指出对于知识工作,程序化和规范化过程并不必然导致最优生产率,知识工作生产率随着其程序化、规范化程度的提高,呈现先上升后下降的趋势。同时,对于不同类型的知识工作,由于其创新性要求以及工作任务的复杂性不同,最优生产率对应的程序化和规范化程度也有所不同,知识含量越低的岗位,其最优生产率对应的程序化、规范化程度越高;知识含量越高的岗位,其最优生产率对应的程序化、规范化程度越低。掌握知识工作的结构性特征规律,努力实现知识工作的程序化和规范化管理的同时,挖掘知识工作中的创新行为。该模型的建立为企业对科学管理与人本管理的选取提供了借鉴,为知识工作生产率研究提供了新的理论研究视角。 相似文献
4.
知识流动效率对创新绩效有着重要影响,在协同创新领域更是如此。为有效测度协同创新知识网络的知识流动效率,本文提出一种基于无向加权网络（Undirected Weighted Network, UWN）的知识流动效率测度模型。首先,基于协同创新知识网络的节点特性、节点间关系特性,构建协同创新知识网络的UWN模型;综合考虑协同创新知识网络中知识流动效率的多重影响因素,提出一个新的知识流动效率测度模型,并进一步提出该模型在成员管理中的延伸应用;最后,通过某智能手机开发企业的应用案例验证本文所提模型与方法的可行性与有效性。 相似文献
5.
Despite the large volume of research and managerial literature on knowledge management, many practitioners seem to find it difficult to appreciate its added value for their managerial work. This paper aims to understand and elaborate the added value that knowledge management as a managerial approach can bring to the management of knowledge-intensive organizations. This study explores empirically the actual management practices of a knowledge-intensive organization and examines how knowledge-related phenomena are managed as embedded aspects of management. This paper makes a contribution to prior discussions concerning the relevance of knowledge management and the role of knowledge management as an embedded management practice. The findings of this study should be useful in explaining practitioners the nature, relevance and value of knowledge management. 相似文献
6.
Permanent and temporary work practices: knowledge integration and the meaning of boundary activities
Knowledge integration is a critical topic in current knowledge management research and practice. Research on this topic focuses primarily on how knowledge is integrated within a work setting. A less researched area is knowledge integration between different work groups. The purpose is hence to describe and analyze how knowledge is integrated between different work groups. We present two intensive case studies – one permanent and one temporary (project) work settings – which were studied using a practice-based perspective. A main result of the study is that knowledge integration in the two cases was more complicated than the literature suggests. Both differences and similarities were found between the two cases. Differences were seen in the use of boundary spanning activities and boundary objects, whereas similarities were found in the organizational structures and mechanisms, that is, purposes, rules, and infrastructures, which facilitated the integration of knowledge and/or functioned as obstacles and impediments. 相似文献
7.
针对当前企业知识管理中的知识获取“瓶颈”问题,对其产生原因进行了深入分析;以知识本身为导向,对企业知识源做出界定;在此基础上,从集成化视角给出了解决知识获取“瓶颈”的若干策略与方法。 相似文献
8.
Based on an exploratory study of the work and learning processes of highly skilled and experienced knowledge workers, this paper explores an alternative perspective to knowledge management, one that focuses on how individual workers apply knowledge processes to support their day-to-day work activities – broadly characterized as problem solving – and learning practices. Developing the concept of Personal Knowledge Management, the paper presents an emergent model that links distinctive types of problem solving activities with specific cognitive, information, social and learning competencies, supported by an individual, social and organizational enablers. 相似文献
9.
知识员工是企业赖以生存和发展的宝贵财富。随着知识老化速度日益加快,知识更新成为知识员工普遍面临的压力。基于挑战—阻断性压力分类理论和压力交互理论,探讨知识更新要求对女性知识员工创造力的影响,分析了挑战性压力评估和个体技能发展的链式中介作用和工作家庭冲突的调节作用。运用结构方程模型和Bootstrapping方法对假设进行检验,结果表明：知识更新要求对员工创造力有显著正向影响,包括直接影响和间接影响;在间接影响方面,挑战性压力评估和个体技能发展在知识更新要求与员工创造力关系中起部分链式中介作用;在直接影响方面,工作家庭冲突在知识更新要求与员工创造力关系中起调节作用。 相似文献
10.
作为一种知识性工作,产品研发的复杂性越来越高,传统的基于生产性任务细分模式的理论和方法无法适用于这种管理情境。因此本文提炼出知识性任务的概念和复杂性的内涵,指出研发团队成员之间的认知差异是知识协调的重点,发现知识学习是降低或消除认知差异的根本所在。结合现有的协调机制,将团队的知识学习划分为成员的经验学习和协同学习,进而系统地描述了知识性任务情境下产品研发团队的协调机理。 相似文献
11.
随着中文文本挖掘技术的不断发展,使以内容分析为基础的科技文献计量成为可能。本文以我国知识管理研究出现以来的5000余篇学术期刊载文为分析对象,以特征选择算法抽取出10,000个特征词为基础,采用向量空间模型（VSM）和文本挖掘技术中的有序聚类方法,揭示出知识管理学科领域的研究内容在我国经历的三个发展阶段,同时还从特征词入手对这三个发展阶段的研究特点进行了归纳总结。将文本挖掘的相关技术应用到学科领域发展的研究中是一个很有意义的尝试,也为今后相关领域的研究工作起到一个很好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
12.
通过典型单案例研究对跨国公司战略管理知识转移的机制进行探讨和建构,选取A公司的北京分公司作为研究对象,在文献综述的基础上,深挖案例证据,通过深层分析和归纳得出最后研究结论。研究结果最终揭示:隐性、复杂性和专有性三个知识特征,以及信任、文化距离和子公司的战略地位三个组织关系特征是战略管理知识转移的重要前因变量,而知识质量和吸收能力是子公司战略目标实现的重要中间变量,需要引起跨国公司及其子公司的重视。本案例构建的研究模型需要多案例研究以及实证研究的进一步检验和论证。 相似文献
13.
员工知识背景差异与组织内知识转移 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
以调研案例为基础,分析得出员工知识背景差异与组织内知识转移之间的内在矛盾。引入连接强度与信任两个变量,在分析连接强度、信任与知识背景差异三者关系的基础上,构建了基于员工知识背景差异的知识转移模型,同时提出基于员工知识背景差异的组织内知识转移的管理方法。 相似文献
14.
There is too little agreement on the nature of knowledge management (KM) among researchers and practitioners. This paper addresses the significance of this problem for evaluating KM as a discipline and discusses what to do to facilitate evaluation and to create conditions that will encourage self-organization around the most successful concepts of KM. The paper also presents a conceptual definition and specification of KM, and then uses aspects of it to analyze two primary approaches to KM: the DEC Interruption Approach, and the Background Conditions, or Ecological Approach. It analyzes the DEC Interruption Approach by sketching out an ideal pattern called the Open Enterprise Pattern, and presents an example of it in the Partners Healthcare Case. It then analyzes two contrasting significant examples of the Ecological Approach: the World Bank case, and the Halliburton case. 相似文献
15.
本土公司在相对于外方母公司处于弱势的情况下,如何对设立在本土的国际合资公司（IJVs）进行有效的管理控制,以提升IJVs的学习能力及组织绩效是相关研究的前沿问题。文章从IJVs获取隐性知识和IJVs内部知识整合两个方面,研究了知识管理对IJVs管理创新影响的过程和效果,以及本土公司对IJVs管理者采取的激励措施对这个过程的影响,并以华南地区的96家IJVs为样本进行实证研究。结果表明本土公司对管理者采取激励措施有助于IJVs从母公司获取的隐性知识转化为IJVs的管理创新。 相似文献
16.
知识治理是知识管理活动的制度保障,是在制度层面上对知识行为的引导、激励和约束,进而维护知识活动各方的利益平衡、促进知识活动效益的最优化。知识共享行为是一种组织制度安排的结果,同时也是一种行为过程,受到知识治理的影响。知识治理对于知识共享行为的影响研究,很多的学者都从不同的侧面进行分析,涉及变量和因素有限,结论不稳定。另外,知识治理对于知识共享影响的内在机理有待进一步深入地探究。最后,从研究方法上,知识治理是组织层面的变量,个体知识共享是个体层面的变量,现有文献较少运用跨层次分析方法来整合组织和个体两个层面,剖析知识治理机制对个人层次知识共享的影响,因而研究结论有待验证。因此,基于现有文献研究的不足,本文探索性地引入中介变量组织支持感来分析知识治理对于知识共享行为的影响关系。依据已有的文献成果,本文提出以下8个假设:(1)正式知识治理对非正式知识治理具有正向的影响作用;(2)正式知识治理对于个体知识共享行为具有显著的正向影响;(3)非正式知识治理对于个体知识共享行为具有显著的正向影响;(4)正式知识治理对于组织支持感有显著的正向影响;(5)非正式知识治理对于组织支持感有显著的正向影响;(6)组织支持感对个体知识分享行为有显著的正向影响;(7)组织支持感中介了正式知识治理与个体知识共享行为之间的关系;(8)组织支持感中介了非正式知识治理与个体知识共享行为之间的关系。为了验证以上假设的有效性,本研究以中国华北地区140家企业621名员工为被试对象,其中男性占53.62%,本科以上员工占89.05%,工龄在5年以上的员工占76.97%,基层和一线工人占87.76%。对于模型中所涉及的变量,本文借鉴已有研究的中成熟量表进行测量。正式知识治理和非正式知识治理的测量参考了Cao等(2012)对于正式知识治理和非正式知识治理的测量量表,组织支持感使用Eisenberger编制的问卷,知识共享行为采用Yi开发了一套有效可靠的知识共享行为量表。所有变量在本文样本中内部一致性信度α系数都达到标准。在确保问卷的可信性和有效性基础上,本文利用跨层次分析对研究假设进行验证。得到了如下结论:(1)在知识管理领域中,员工组织支持感是链接组织知识治理与个体知识共享行为的中介桥梁。组织层面的知识管理活动一方面通过正式的知识治理对于员工的知识共享行为产生一定程度的影响,但是更重要是要通过对于员工组织支持感的影响来间接的作用员工知识共享行为。(2)组织知识活动对于员工个体知识共享行为的影响是多层次相互作用的结果,过程复杂。组织层面的正式知识治理通过三条途径作用员工个体知识共享行为:直接作用、通过非正式知识治理影响组织支持感的间接作用以及通过组织支持感的间接作用。非正式知识治理是间接的通过组织支持感的单途径来影响个体知识共享行为。与同类研究相比,本文进一步打开了知识治理对知识共享行为影响的"黑箱",丰富了知识管理的相关理论。此外,本文结论对企业知识管理实践活动具有很强的指导意义,具体表现在两个方面:一是企业要有效创建完善的知识治理机制,二是要重视对员工组织支持感的提升。本文虽然做出了一定的贡献,但仍然存在一些不足:第一,样本收集的数据受到地域和行业的限制;第二,对于知识治理的划分需要进一步研究;第三,中介变量、作用路径和机理还需要进一步探索。以上三点问题将是今后研究和改进的方向。 相似文献
17.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(4):327-338
In this paper, we report and reflect on Knowledge Management (KM) projects conducted in two China-based, smaller–sized professional service firms. The authors acted as Action Researchers, assisting each firm extensively as it prepared for its implementation of an IT-based KMS. However, neither KMS implementation significantly improved knowledge transfer or work productivity. We analyze the project failures, noting the significance of specific strategic management deficiencies as well as inadequate employee involvement and incentives. The implications for the strategic management of knowledge and organizational change in China are considered. 相似文献
18.
Knowledge management has emerged as an important field for practice and research in information systems. This field is building on theoretical foundations from information economics, strategic management, organizational culture, organizational behavior, organizational structure, artificial intelligence, quality management, and organizational performance measurement. These theories are being used as foundations for new concepts that provide a rationale for managing knowledge, define the process of managing knowledge, and enable us to evaluate the results of this process. Based on articles published between 1995 and 2005, new concepts are emerging, including knowledge economy, knowledge alliance, knowledge culture, knowledge organization, knowledge infrastructure, and knowledge equity. An analysis of the theoretical foundations of knowledge management reveals a healthy arena with a strong foundation and clear directions for future work. 相似文献
19.
Knowledge Management Research & Practice - This paper argues that knowledge management theory needs to explore the literature on how science-based work is organized, managed, and monitored. To... 相似文献
20.
企业知识管理与知识管理能力审计 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对国外相关献的分析研究，本对企业知识及企业知识管理的内涵进行了阐释。在此基础之上，通过与专家学和企业高层管理人员的广泛交流，提出了知识管理审计理论模型和内容框架，并设立了以度量卡作为企业知识管理能力的评估工具。最后，将此审计体系应用于企业实际测评，发现该审计工具对企业提升技术创新能力和竞争优势提供李较好的知识管理手段。 相似文献