共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
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目的：探索4周运动结合饮食干预对肥胖青少年的血清脂肪酸组分和身体成分的影响,同时分析脂肪酸基础值与身体成分相关指标变化量的相关性。方法：以2017年暑期参加皓千体育发展有限公司全封闭减肥训练营的25名肥胖青少年为研究对象（平均年龄：15.96±1.88y;平均BMI：32.66±4.51 kg/m2）,进行为期4周的联合运动结合饮食干预,干预前后测试并分析身体成分、身体形态和血清脂肪酸组分的变化及其相互关系。结果：4周后,受试者的体重、身体质量指数（BMI）、体脂量、脂肪质量指数（FMI）、四肢脂肪量、腰围、臀围和腰臀比均显著降低,瘦体重%显著增加（P<0.001）;血清饱和脂肪酸（SFA）中,总饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）、肉豆蔻酸（C14：0）、十五烷酸（C15：0）、棕榈酸硬（C16：0）、脂酸（C18：0）、花生酸（C20：0）、山萮酸（C22：0）、二十三烷酸（C23：0）和二十四烷酸（C24：0）含量均显著降低（P<0.05）;单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）中,总单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）、棕榈油酸（C16：1 n-7）、油酸（C18：1 n-9）和鳕油酸（C20：1 n-9）含量显著降低（P<0.01）;多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）中,总多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）、总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（n-6 PUFA）、亚油酸（C18：2 n-6）、二十碳二烯酸（C20：2 n-6）、双高-γ-亚麻酸（C20：3 n-6,DGLA）、花生四烯酸（C20：4 n-6,ARA）和α-亚麻酸（C18：3 n-3）显著下降（P<0.05）;Pearson相关性分析及一元线性回归分析表明,干预前血清C14：0与C20：3 n-6的基础值与体脂%及瘦体重%的变化量正相关,C16：1 n-7的基础值与体脂量、上肢脂肪量、右下肢脂肪量的变化量正相关（P<0.05）。结论：4周运动和饮食干预能明显改善肥胖患者身体成分、身体形态及血清脂肪酸组分;血清C14：0、C16：1 n-7、C20：3 n-6的基础值与身体成分的变化量存在线性关系,可以为减肥夏令营的饮食优化及减肥效果的预测提供参考。 相似文献
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本研究采用生化测定方法检测受试者在一次大负荷散打专项训练前后血清铁含量的变化,分析探讨一次大负荷专项训练对不同运动水平男子散打运动员铁代谢的影响。结果表明:一次大负荷散打专项训练可引起运动员血清铁含量显著降低。 相似文献
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本研究通过监测9名女子速滑运动员同等强度不同持续时间的专项训练前后血清睾酮（T）、皮质醇（C）、雌H醇（E2）、甲状腺素（T3、T4）的变化,探讨运动时激素变化特点及规律。受试者分别进行短时间高强度间歇性滑跳练习－5＇×3、3＇×5和长时间高强度力竭性运动－2（5＇×3、3＇×5）滑步滑跳练习。在运动前、后即刻采集静脉血测定各种激素含量。结果表明：短时间大强度间歇运动1小时后,血清T、C浓度显著高于安静状态,E2、T3、T4与安静时比较无显著变化;长时间大强度力竭性运动2小时后,血清C升高,E2、T3显著下降,T4与T无显著性变化,T／C比值下降显著。根据上述结果提示：短时间大强度训练后,血清T、C至同步变化,说明机体对运动及时间具有良好的适应。长时间大负荷超过2小时后,可能会造成人体内激素平衡紊乱,如T／C比值下降、T3、T4及已与T、C非同步发展,表明机体可能有潜在性疲劳。人体运动时血清T开始升高,随运动强度增加,时间的延长,血清T含量由高向低变化时,可能与疲劳有关。在运动训练过程中,适时地监测激素水平变化,有助于掌握运动员机能状态。 相似文献
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血清肌酸激酶、血尿素氮对武术套路运动员赛前训练监控的应用研究 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21
为探讨血清肌酸激酶、血尿素氮对武术套路运动训练监控的可行性 ,对 2 4名武术套路运动员赛前训练负荷进行了指标的测试。结果表明 :在周大负荷训练后血清肌酸激酶活性升高显著 ,可作为评价武术套路运动员训练负荷的敏感性指标 ,而血尿素氮含量升高并不明显 ,表明血尿素氮对武术套路运动员训练负荷的监测敏感度不高 ;在大强度间歇训练后 ,运动员血清 CK活性显示 ,院队各组比专项班各组升高显著、且恢复慢 ,各组内男子比女子升高幅度大 ,说明 CK活性的变化也受性别的影响 ,血尿素氮含量说明 4个整套的负荷量较大。提示 :教练员在提高强度的同时严格控制负荷量 ,绝对不能出现量和强度同步增加的情况 ,以免运动员机体出现过度疲劳。 相似文献
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目的:评价大强度耐力训练对大学生运动员心脏标志物、血清铁、血红蛋白、白介素-6和心功能的影响.方法:随机选取30名男性学生运动员,在100 min内完成20 000m长跑和哈佛台阶试验,心率控制在180～200次/min.在运动前(T1)、运动后即刻(T2)和运动后3 h(T3)测定运动员的心率、血压、血浆NT-proBNP、血清铁、血红蛋白以及白介素-6的表达.结果:运动后即刻的心率、收缩压、舒张压、NT-proBNP含量较运动前显著增加(P＜0.05),血清铁和白介素-6含量较运动前显著降低(P＜0.05),血红蛋白含量无显著性变化;运动后3h,心率、收缩压、舒张压、血浆NT- proBNP、血清铁、血红蛋白以及白介素-6的表达均与运动前无显著性差异.结论:大强度耐力训练后心脏损伤标志物NT- proBNP含量显著性增高,应该是对运动刺激的一种生理适应,不具有病理性改变意义.白介素-6浓度发生显著性上升,并不能表明发生运动性炎性反应,并未对心功能造成伤害.血清铁含量的下降,表明运动并未过量,没有对机体造成损伤. 相似文献
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篮球运动员大负荷运动训练后血清肌红蛋白与肌酸激酶及其同工酶的变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了探索运动员大负荷运动后血清肌红蛋白(Mb)与肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶的变化规律,本文研究了体育学院男子篮球运动员大负荷运动后血清Mb与CK水平的变化.结果发现,血清CK及其同工酶CK-MM在运动后24h出现显著性增加(P＜0.05);血清Mb和CK-MM3%在运动后即刻出现显著性增加(P＜0.05);血清心肌特异性肌钙蛋白(cTNI)在运动前后无显著变化.这些结果表明,运动后血清Mb与CK及其同工酶是来自骨骼肌;运动后血清Mb、CK-MM3%变化可能是比CK及其同工酶CK-MM更敏感的骨骼肌损伤诊断指标. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):59-72
Abstract Amino acids contribute between 2–8% of the energy needs during endurance exercise. Endurance exercise training leads to an adaptive reduction in the oxidation of amino acids at the same absolute exercise intensity, however, the capacity to oxidize amino acids goes up due to the increase in the total amount of the rate limiting enzyme, branched chain 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase. There appears to be a modest increase (range?=?12–95%) in protein requirements only for very well trained athletes who are actively training. Although the majority of athletes will have ample dietary protein to meet any increased need, those on a hypoenergetic diet or during extreme periods of physical stress may need dietary manipulation to accommodate the need. Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine derivative that is common in many foods and beverages. The consumption of caffeine (3–7 mg/kg) prior to endurance exercise improves performance for habitual and non-habitual consumers. The ergogenic effect is likely due to a direct effect on muscle contractility and not via an enhancement of fatty acid oxidation. Creatine is important in intra-cellular energy shuttling and in cellular fluid regulation. Creatine monohydrate supplementation (20 g/d X 3–5 days) increases fat-free mass, improves muscle strength during repetitive high intensity contractions and increases fat-free mass accumulation and strength during a period of weight training. Given the increase in weight, there are likely neutral or even performance reducing effects in sports that are influenced by body mass (i.e., running, hill climbing cycling). 相似文献
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大强度游泳训练对少年运动员血清sIL-2R水平的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对20名少年业体游泳运动员大强度训练前后血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL-2R)进行了测试,并同步测试了T细胞亚群、NK细胞及血乳酸水平。实验结果表明：训练后比安静时sIL-2R明显下降,由此,因IL-2介导的T细胞亚群、NK细胞的活化程度受到明显的抑制,使免疫系统机能受到影响。因此,应强调少年运动员的科学训练,减少易感病症的发生。 相似文献
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In this study, we assessed the influence that pre-exercise glucose ingestion of two concentrations has on the physiological responses of paraplegic athletes. Eight men with paraplegia ingested a drink containing 4% (low) or 11% (high) carbohydrate in a randomized double-blind crossover design, 20 min before exercise. The participants performed wheelchair exercise at 65% of peak oxygen uptake for 1 h followed by a 20 min performance test. During both trials, the physiological responses were similar and indicated steady-state exercise. At the onset of exercise, blood glucose concentrations in both trials increased after carbohydrate ingestion (P < 0.05) before returning to resting values after 20 min of exercise and there were no differences between trials. Free fatty acid concentrations increased from rest to 1 h of exercise in both trials, with a greater increase during the low carbohydrate trial that led to a difference in free fatty acids between trials at the end of the 1 h tests (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for the performance distances and power outputs achieved during the high carbohydrate trial to be greater than those achieved during the low carbohydrate trial (P= 0.08). In conclusion, when paraplegic athletes ingested low and high carbohydrate drinks before exercise, the decline in blood glucose concentrations was similar. The tendency for higher blood glucose concentrations, respiratory exchange ratios and power outputs and lower free fatty acid concentrations (P < 0.05) during the high carbohydrate trial suggests that a higher concentration of carbohydrate in a sports drink might be a better choice for paraplegic athletes. 相似文献
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模拟高住低练对优秀游泳运动员身体成分和物质代谢的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
以12名山东省游泳运动员为实验对象,分为模拟高住低练组和对照组,利用低压舱研究模拟高住低练对身体成分和物质代谢的影响。研究发现:模拟高住低练组除体脂重量外,体重、瘦体重、肌肉重量、肌肉蛋白均显著低于实验前(P<0.05),对照组体重、瘦体重、肌肉重量、肌肉蛋白、肌肉水分、体脂重量实验前后均无明显变化;模拟高住低练组除血清尿素明显升高外(P<0.05),其他指标无明显变化,对照组血清尿素、游离脂肪酸、甘油三脂、总胆固醇实验前后均无明显变化;实验后对照组和模拟高住低练组血清睾酮都稍有升高,对照组血清皮质醇明显降低(P<0.05),模拟高住低练组皮质醇无明显变化。结论:模拟高住低练可明显降低体重,肌肉丢失和肌肉蛋白的减少是体重下降的主要原因,高浓度的血尿素表明模拟高住低练可促进蛋白的分解,而蛋白分解作用的增强可能与较高浓度的皮质醇有关。 相似文献
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E. V. Lambert J. A. Hawley J. Goedecke T. D. Noakes S. C. Dennis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):315-324
Carbohydrate ingestion before and during endurance exercise delays the onset of fatigue (reduced power output). Therefore, endurance athletes are recommended to ingest diets high in carbohydrate (70% of total energy) during competition and training. However, increasing the availability of plasma free fatty acids has been shown to slow the rate of muscle and liver glycogen depletion by promoting the utilization of fat. Ingested fat, in the form of long-chain (C 16-22 ) triacylglycerols, is largely unavailable during acute exercise, but medium-chain (C 8-10 ) triacylglycerols are rapidly absorbed and oxidized. We have shown that the ingestion of medium-chain triacylglycerols in combination with carbohydrate spares muscle carbohydrate stores during 2 h of submaximal (< 70% VO 2 peak) cycling exercise, and improves 40 km time-trial performance. These data suggest that by combining carbohydrate and medium-chain triacylglycerols as a pre-exercise supplement and as a nutritional supplement during exercise, fat oxidation will be enhanced, and endogenous carbohydrate will be spared. We have also examined the chronic metabolic adaptations and effects on substrate utilization and endurance performance when athletes ingest a diet that is high in fat (> 70% by energy). Dietary fat adaptation for a period of at least 2-4 weeks has resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in resistance to fatigue during prolonged, low- to moderate-intensity cycling (< 70% VO 2 peak). Moreover, preliminary studies suggest that mean cycling 20 km time-trial performance following prolonged submaximal exercise is enhanced by 80 s after dietary fat adaptation and 3 days of carbohydrate loading. Thus the relative contribution of fuel substrate to prolonged endurance activity may be modified by training, pre-exercise feeding, habitual diet, or by artificially altering the hormonal milieu or the availability of circulating fuels. The time course and dose-response of these effects on maximizing the oxidative contribution of fat for exercise metabolism and in exercise performance have not been systematically studied during moderate- to high-intensity exercise in humans. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):414-421
Abstract Research on possible physiological changes as a consequence of a specific lifestyle and long-term strenuous exercise in boxing has been sparse. We determined plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) profile of 16 elite amateur male boxers (22.4±3.3 years of age), and compared them with a control group composed of 19 sedentary (24.4±3.4) year-old men. The percentages of total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monosaturated FA in plasma phospholipids were significantly higher (P <0.001) in boxers compared to the control group. On the other hand, all studied polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma PL with the exception of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n–3) and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA, 22:4, n–6) were significantly lower in boxers than in sedentary men. Total PUFA, n–6 PUFA and n–3 PUFA were also significantly lower in boxers (P <0.001), whereas the n–6/n–3 ratio was higher in boxers than in control group (P <0.01). Boxers had significantly higher proportion of all SFA in erythrocyte PL compared to the control group (P <0.05). In addition, the percentage of linoleic acid was lower in boxers' erythrocyte PL than in the control group (P <0.05). The results show two potentially unfavourable main features of the FA profile of boxers, that is, a higher n–6/n–3 ratio in plasma PL and a higher percentage of SFA in both plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids compared to controls. As SFA correlates directly with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and high n–6/n–3 ratio has been shown to stimulate carcinogenesis and modulate inflammation and autoimmunity, this profile could be detrimental to the health of boxers. The mechanism underlying these differences requires further investigation; however the results suggest benefits of nutritional intervention. 相似文献
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本研究以国家游泳队14名男子运动员、广东省游泳队11名男子运动员作为研究对象,对大运动量训练期间运动员睾酮、性激素结合球蛋白、睾酮／性激素结合球蛋白、睾酮／皮质醇四个主要指标进行了测试及分析,得出了以下结论：（1）国家游泳队经过六周的大运动量训练,SHBG与其基础值相比,有所下降（P〈0．05）;广东省游泳队经过十周的大运动量训练,SHBG与其基础值相比都有显著的升高（P〈0．01）。（2）血清总睾酮与性激素结合球蛋白两个指标相联系,能更准确、及时有效地评定运动员机能能力,更有效地指导运动训练。 相似文献