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考查924名中小学生的羞耻感与道德发展间的关系,结果显示：（1）除身体羞耻外,其他维度及羞耻总分在年级上均存在差异。（2）道德情感前三阶段五年级低于其他年级,后三阶段四年级小于其他年级,七年级达最高峰,八年级处于低谷。（3）道德情感第三、四阶段与羞耻感总体水平及行为羞耻、身体羞耻均显著相关;道德认知仅与能力羞耻相关。（... 相似文献
2.
采用羞耻体验量表 (ESS)比较大学生和成人的内疚与羞耻感在现象学上的异同 ,并采用简易应对方式问卷 (SCTQ)对羞耻感与应对方式进行相关分析 ,实验表明 :( 1)羞耻感具有强烈的自我取向性 ,以否定自我、逃避现实、强情感体验和掩饰行为为特点。内疚感对已发事件中本身行为的反省为焦点 ,更多以考虑自己行为对他人的伤害以及采取措施弥补过失为特点 ;( 2 )羞耻和积极应对存在中等程度负相关 ;( 3)有无他人在场 ,内疚和羞耻都可发生 ;( 4 )与成人相比 ,大学生在体验羞耻时对自我的否定要更为强烈 相似文献
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目的：比较汶川地震一年后两个受灾程度不同的地区的中学生的创伤后成长（PTG）的情况,并研究创伤后成长与抑郁症状和FI＇SD症状的关系。方法：采用创伤后成长问卷（PTGI）、儿童抑郁量表（CDI）、儿童版事件影响量表（CRIES）等问卷对大足中学（一般灾区）和敖平中学（极重灾区）的428名初中生进行测查。结果：大足中学的学生PTGI得分显著低于敖平中学的学生,CDI得分显著高于敖平中学的学生,两校学生CRIES总分差异边缘显著,主要是大足中学学生在侵袭分量表的得分高于敖平中学学生;两学校学生的PTGI得分与CDI得分均为显著负相关,PTGI得分与CRIES得分相关不一致。结论：震后一年,极重灾区的中学生比一般灾区的中学生有更高水平的创伤后成长,且有更少的抑郁症状。 相似文献
4.
采用创伤后成长量表和心理健康量表对高校237名经历创伤的大学生进行调查。结果发现:创伤后成长总分及其各维度存在显著的性别差异,但不存在专业差异;不同等级的创伤后成长水平在心理健康的心理症状与负向情绪上不存在差异,在其它几个维度上存在极其显著的差异。创伤后成长各因子与心理健康各因子有显著相关,能有效预测心理健康水平。 相似文献
5.
洪明 《乐山师范学院学报》2024,(3):125-133
对在广东省内396名孤独症儿童父母进行问卷调查。结果表明：（1）孤独症儿童父母创伤后成长水平为中等偏上;（2）孤独症儿童的症状越轻、家庭收入越高,其父母的创伤后成长水平越高;本科（含）以上学历父母创伤后成长水平显著高于大专（含）以下学历的父母。（3）初婚父母的创伤后成长水平显著高于非初婚（再婚、离异、丧偶）父母;（4）社会支持、安静自我、心理资本与创伤后成长两两间呈显著正相关。朋友支持、乐观和包容性认同能够显著正向预测创伤后成长,朋友支持有最大的解释力。 相似文献
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使用焦虑敏感指数第三版、冗思反应量表、简版儿童创伤后认知问卷以及儿童版事件影响量表对390名青少年进行调查,探讨焦虑敏感与青少年创伤后应激症状的关系及其内在作用机制。结果发现：（1）焦虑敏感能显著正向预测青少年创伤后应激症状;（2）冗思和创伤后认知在焦虑敏感和青少年创伤后应激症状间的中介作用显著,且这一中介效应包含三条中介路径,即冗思、创伤后认知的单独中介以及冗思—创伤后认知的链式中介作用。研究结果表明,焦虑敏感可以通过冗思和创伤后认知的中介作用对青少年创伤后应激症状产生影响。 相似文献
7.
对924名中小学生进行问卷调查,考查心理控制源,自我交通感和自尊对羞耻感的影响。结果表明：（1）羞耻感与自我效能感、自尊呈显著负相关,与心理控制源呈正相关,心理控制源与自我效能感、自尊呈负相关,自我效能感与自尊呈正相关;（2）自尊对羞耻感与心理控制源、自我效能感之间关系具有部分中介作用;（3）自我效能感对心理控制源和自尊、羞耻感之间关系具有部分中介作用;（4）高、低自尊组的结构方程模型之间存在显著差异。在全模型的基础上,高自尊组少了心理控制源到自尊的路径,而低自尊组少了心理控制源到自我效能的路径,说明心理控制源对自尊、自我效能感的影响会受到自尊水平的调节。 相似文献
8.
目的:考察青少年羞耻感的特点及其与心理控制源、社交焦虑的关系。方法:对924名中小学生施测羞耻感量表、心理控制源量表和社交焦虑量表。结果:青少年羞耻感不存在性别上的显著差异,存在年级上的显著差异;青少年羞耻感各个维度、心理控制源、社交焦虑三者之间均呈显著正相关;青少年羞耻感在心理控制源对社交焦虑的预测中起中介作用。结论:青少年羞耻感是心理控制源与社交焦虑之间的中介变量。 相似文献
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目的:探讨创伤后应激障碍与自我意识的关系。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法,对舟曲县596名学生进行问卷调查,获得有效问卷591份。结果:女生在PCL-C量表上的平均得分极其显著地高于男生平均得分;在PTSD筛查阴性组,女生平均分显著高于男生平均分,且高于全体平均分;女生反复出现再体验、情感麻木回避与高警觉症状的严重程度都显著高于男生;自我意识量表总分和行为、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足四个分量表分在PTSD筛查阳性组和PTSD筛查阴性组得分之间均存在极其显著的差异。结论:培养积极的自我意识对创伤后应激障碍的预防与治疗起着重要作用。 相似文献
10.
心理创伤的治疗模型与理论 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
赵冬梅 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2009,(3)
心理创伤（trauma）指由某种直接的外部力量（生活事件）或强烈的情绪伤害造成心理损伤,尤其是与这些生活事件有关的天灾人祸所引发的强烈的情感反应。目前心理创伤的评估主要采用量表问卷,如创伤性事件问卷、创伤应激评估量表等。心理创伤的治疗理论较多,比较常用的有心理动力学的心理创伤性治疗理论、眼动脱敏和再加工（EMDR）、整合发展治疗模型,虚拟实现技术,以及绘画治疗、舞蹈治疗和阅读以及创作疗法。 相似文献
11.
Lindsay Leonard McKim Sondra Smith-Adcock 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2014,36(1):58-69
Mental health professionals working with trauma survivors often experience both psychological costs (e.g., compassion fatigue) and benefits (e.g., compassion satisfaction). In this study, trauma counsellors’ individual characteristics as well as workplace conditions were examined to determine their relative influence on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Lack of control over workplace, over-involvement with clients, and secondary exposure to clients with serious trauma symptoms were significantly related to compassion fatigue. Counsellors’ perceived control of the workplace, personal trauma history, and years of clinical experience were significantly related to compassion satisfaction. 相似文献
12.
Shame, guilt, symptoms of depression, and reported history of psychological maltreatment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to provide preliminary data extending earlier research on shame and guilt, examining their relationships both to symptoms of depression and to psychological maltreatment. Symptoms of depression were expected to correlate positively with shame, but not with guilt. Psychological maltreatment was also expected to correlate positively with shame. The relationship between psychological maltreatment and guilt was examined on an exploratory basis. METHOD: Two hundred and eighty participants from a public community college and a private university completed scales assessing shame, guilt, depression, and history of childhood psychological maltreatment. Pearson correlations were conducted with all data. RESULTS: Results indicated that symptoms of depression were positively correlated with both shame and guilt. Partial correlations were then conducted in which the linear effects of shame were removed from guilt. In this latter analysis, guilt was no longer positively correlated with symptoms of depression. Psychological maltreatment was also positively correlated with depression and with shame, but not with guilt. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the significance of psychological maltreatment in the relationship to the self-conscious emotions of guilt and shame. As in earlier studies, shame has been consistently correlated to poor psychological functioning, while guilt appears to be relatively unrelated to pathological functioning. 相似文献
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14.
通过两起案情较为复杂的交通事故案例,掌握交通事故鉴定对查清事故真实过程的证据价值。综合运用车体痕迹学、法医学、DNA物证、微量物证学,对交通事故中各项检材进行检验分析。道路交通事故鉴定可以为案件侦破提供侦查方向、确定或排除肇事车辆、并为事故处理提供办案依据。综合运用多学科知识检验分析可以为复杂的交通事故鉴定提供一定的技术参考。 相似文献
15.
地震是威胁人类安全的主要自然灾害之一。2008年5月12日发生的汶川大地震不仅严重威胁了人们的生命安全,而且还给人们的心理造成了极大的创伤。震灾后的心理问题,一方面表现为恐惧、悲伤、焦虑等负性情绪反应,另一方面还包括不良的躯体症状与行为反应。按照一些基本的途径做好震灾后心理健康的重建工作,是当前最重要的一项社会性工作。在震灾后及时地总结经验,建立心理援助的制度化服务体系是震灾后心理健康长期维护的基本保障。 相似文献
16.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the possible reciprocal relationship between victimization experiences and psychological functioning by assessing abuse experiences in childhood, adolescence, and during a 2-month follow-up period. METHOD: At the beginning of the study (Time 1), abuse histories, trauma and depressive symptoms, and interpersonal functioning were assessed in 551 college women. Subsequent victimization experiences and psychological outcomes were assessed at the follow-up (Time 2). RESULTS: Path analyses indicated that verbal abuse by the mother and father were predictive of various psychological outcomes as measured at Time 1 and emerged as the only significant predictors of adolescent dating violence. Adolescent dating violence subsequently predicted the experience of dating violence during the 2-month follow-up period. Paternal physical abuse predicted adolescent sexual victimization which subsequently predicted all symptom measures at Time 1. Conversely, the experience of adolescent physical dating violence was not predictive of any of the symptom measures at Time 1. For those women who experienced dating violence during the follow-up, however, the severity of their abusive experiences was related to both depression and interpersonal problems assessed at Time 2. In comparison, for those women who experienced sexual victimization during the follow-up period, the severity of their abusive experiences was related to trauma symptoms. Interpersonal problems emerged as both an aftereffect of adolescent sexual victimization experience and a predictor of a subsequent sexual victimization experience during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Given that emotional abuse emerged as a predictor of adolescent dating violence and psychological outcomes, researchers and clinicians need to continue to explore this problem. Further, it is important to assess how interpersonal problems contribute to the risk of subsequent sexual victimization and to try to break the cycle between adolescent abuse experiences and subsequent physical and sexual assaults. 相似文献
17.
Two underlying mechanisms, emotion dysregulation and negative internalized beliefs, were examined as potential mediators of the association between childhood psychological maltreatment (PM) and depression in emerging adult women. PM was assessed as a multi-faceted construct including aspects of psychological abuse (e.g., corrupting) and psychological neglect (e.g., emotional unresponsiveness) that occurred by parents. Female undergraduates (n = 771) completed anonymous, retrospective, self-report surveys assessing childhood PM, current depressive symptoms, emotion dysregulation (lack of emotional clarity and regulation strategies), and negative internalized beliefs (mistrust, shame, and defectiveness). Psychological maltreatment was represented as four subtypes of psychological abuse or neglectful behavior: Emotional Non-Responsiveness, Spurning/Terrorizing, Corrupting, and Demanding/Rigid (i.e., controlling behavior). Both emotion dysregulation and negative internalized beliefs significantly mediated the link between childhood PM and depressive symptoms, accounting for approximately 68% of the variance in symptomatology. Findings suggest the importance of focusing intervention on development of emotion regulation capacity including emotional awareness and regulatory strategies, as well as a focus on core negative beliefs including shame, defectiveness, and mistrust of others. Implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
18.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infants have a traumatic response to intimate partner violence (male violence toward their female partner; IPV) experienced by their mothers, two questions were explored: (1) Is the number of infant trauma symptoms related to the infant's temperament and the mother's mental health? (2) Does severity of violence moderate those relationships? METHODOLOGY: Forty-eight mothers reported whether their 1-year-old infants experienced trauma symptoms as a result of witnessing episodes of IPV during their first year of life. Mothers also reported on their own trauma symptoms that resulted from experiences of IPV. RESULTS: For those infants experiencing severe IPV and whose mothers exhibit trauma symptoms, we were able to predict whether infants exhibited trauma symptoms (b = .53, p < .01). This was not true for children who witnessed less severe IPV (b= -.14, ns). Maternal depressive symptoms and difficult infant temperament did not predict infant trauma symptoms for either group of infants. CONCLUSION: Mothers report that infants as young as 1-year-old can experience trauma symptoms as a result of hearing or witnessing IPV. The significant relationship between infant and maternal trauma symptoms, especially among those infants experiencing severe IPV, are consistent with the theory of relational PTSD. Findings suggest that interventions for mothers and families need to consider the influence of the severity of IPV on very young children. 相似文献
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Shame is a painful self-conscious emotion that is closely associated with psychological distress. This article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of the spontaneous shame narratives of 40 young adults (mean age = 25.2). The main themes that were identified in the participants’ shame narratives are explored and described, and the authors also explore the connection between feeling shame and having a traumatic experience. 相似文献
20.
Qi Fang Chunqiong Liu Yanbo Tang Zeyi Shi Qian Wang Charles C. Helwig 《Child development》2022,93(2):484-501
The present study took a differentiated perspective on parental psychological control to examine its impact on adolescent adjustment among urban (n = 349, females: 53%) and rural (n = 293, females: 54%) Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.14 years). Four times over the first 2 years of Junior High school (from October, 2016 to April, 2018), adolescents reported on parental psychological control, their psychological well-being (life satisfaction and depressive symptoms), and academic relative autonomy. Adolescents’ grades also were obtained. The findings show generally negative effects of social comparison shame, love withdrawal and harsh psychological control (but not shared shame or parental relationship-oriented guilt induction) on adolescents’ psychological well-being, and negative effects of social comparison shame on adolescents’ academic functioning. 相似文献