共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
对于科学究竟是什么这个问题,实证主义的科学观和建构主义科学观为我们提供了两种极端但却并不令人满意的答案。前者将科学看作按照认识论规则"发现"的真理,后者将科学看作是由利益等社会因素参与和决定的社会协商的产物。本文试图从语境主义的角度来解读科学,表明科学既不是纯粹客观意义上也非纯粹社会性的,而是自然与社会相互塑造的产物。 相似文献
2.
Brown T Budd L Bell M Rendell H 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(5):658-673
This paper contributes to extant understandings of media representations of climate change by examining the role of the English regional newspaper press in the transformation and dissemination of climate change discourse. Unlike previous accounts, this paper contends that such newspapers shape public understandings of climate change in ways that have yet to be adequately charted. With this in mind, this paper examines the ways in which global climate change is translated into a locally relevant phenomenon. That is, it focuses on its "domestication." Although we acknowledge that there are a number of ways in which this process occurs, specific attention is drawn to stories that highlight the destruction of local landscape features, the transformation of important habitats, and the arrival of "alien" species. The broader significance of such stories is considered in relation to long-standing debates concerning the importance of landscape to notions of national and regional identity. 相似文献
3.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(4):103325
Climate change has become one of the most significant crises of our time. Public opinion on climate change is influenced by social media platforms such as Twitter, often divided into believers and deniers. In this paper, we propose a framework to classify a tweet’s stance on climate change (denier/believer). Existing approaches to stance detection and classification of climate change tweets either have paid little attention to the characteristics of deniers’ tweets or often lack an appropriate architecture. However, the relevant literature reveals that the sentimental aspects and time perspective of climate change conversations on Twitter have a major impact on public attitudes and environmental orientation. Therefore, in our study, we focus on exploring the role of temporal orientation and sentiment analysis (auxiliary tasks) in detecting the attitude of tweets on climate change (main task). Our proposed framework STASY integrates word- and sentence-based feature encoders with the intra-task and shared-private attention frameworks to better encode the interactions between task-specific and shared features. We conducted our experiments on our novel curated climate change CLiCS dataset (2465 denier and 7235 believer tweets), two publicly available climate change datasets (ClimateICWSM-2022 and ClimateStance-2022), and two benchmark stance detection datasets (SemEval-2016 and COVID-19-Stance). Experiments show that our proposed approach improves stance detection performance (with an average improvement of 12.14% on our climate change dataset, 15.18% on ClimateICWSM-2022, 12.94% on ClimateStance-2022, 19.38% on SemEval-2016, and 35.01% on COVID-19-Stance in terms of average F1 scores) by benefiting from the auxiliary tasks compared to the baseline methods. 相似文献
4.
利率与汇率是经济中两个紧密相关的重要变量，利率的变动会通过宏观及微观层面对汇率产生冲击；同样，汇率的变动也会作用于利率。本文主要探讨在我国利率市场化改革的进程中，市场化的利益形成机制和更加富有弹性的利率浮动，会对现有的外汇管理体制产生一定的影响，使外汇管理的难度增大，从而对我国汇率市场化改革提出了更加迫切的要求。 相似文献
5.
从古希腊哲学对世界本源追寻的方面解读巴门尼德变化在逻辑上的不可能．我们看到其理论的合理性所在。虽然巴门尼德的变化在逻辑上不可能的观点．被后人所不认同．但巴门尼德学说中却存在着绝大的真理。 相似文献
6.
Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(5):938
In the summer of 2003, a heat wave swept Europe and caused more than 70 000 additional fatalities [J.-M. Robine et al., C. R. Biologies331 (2008)]. Global warming and climate change is no longer a prophecy to be fulfilled, as strong heat waves and typhoons, as well as severe rainfalls, are becoming more severe. Extreme weather and climate events in the world, especially over Europe and North America, are widely studied and frequently reported in the media. These events may be related to the ongoing climate change. In this NSR forum, active researchers specialized in this field gather to discuss the climate and weather changes in China. They present the current changes, identify knowledge gaps, discuss the research difficulties, and propose ways forward to better serve the society with climate science. Ying Sun Professor at the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration, China Qiuhong Tang Professor at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Zhongwei Yan Professor at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Jing Yang Professor at the Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, faculty of Geographic Science of Beijing Normal University, China Panmao Zhai Professor at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences of the China Meteorological Administration, and the current Co-Chair of the IPCC Working Group I, China Tianjun Zhou Professor at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Deliang Chen (Chair) Professor at the University of Gothenburg, NSR Editorial Board member, Sweden 相似文献
7.
Prior research on implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has predominantly been viewed from an intra- organizational perspective. This paper aims to extend this view by taking an inter-organizational perspective. By combining insights gained from two theoretical perspectives: transaction cost economics and relational exchange theory, we seek to understand enablers of inter-organizational ICT. Also, we investigate the effect of the socio-economic climate by comparing the country contexts of China and the Netherlands. We use survey data from 112 Dutch and 320 Chinese firms to test our hypotheses regarding potential differences between these countries. The paper helps in understanding the idea that enablers of Inter-organizational ICT implementation could depend on country context. In the Dutch context, the transaction cost based perspective provides a valuable explanation for the use of Inter-organizational ICT, while in the Chinese context, both transaction cost economics, and relational exchange theory based perspectives help understand enablers for Inter-organizational ICT. Managers of global companies can use insights from this study to help guide their implementation of ICT strategy. Particularly, it may be noted that, despite a desire for uniformity and standardization, there might be different ways of implementing ICT that are attributed to country contexts. 相似文献
8.
大气污染和气候变化同为中国面临的两大严峻环境问题，其对我国经济、社会发展的影响将变得越来越严重。在治理机制上，过去一直由环保部门和发改部门分而治之。随着相关治理工作的推进，分而治之的机制逐渐暴露出一系列政策重叠乃至互为掣肘的弊端，相应的治理机制创新也因此形成了重大需求。2018年，中国国务院实施机构改革，应对气候变化的职能被划转到生态环境部。生态环境部随即明确了大气污染和气候变化协同治理的战略目标。建立怎样的机制才能切实保障战略目标的实现？这是政界、学界、业界普遍关心的问题。针对这项需求，本文基于对大气污染和气候变化的影响范围和危害形式差异较大，但却“同根同源”的特性分析，阐述了两者协同治理的科学基础，提出了协同治理的机制模型，为我国有效实施绿色创新战略，积极融入应对气候变化全球治理体系打开了新思路。 相似文献
9.
拟评析气候变化政治学的研究背景、主要理论、政府作用以及该视角的局限与不足,认为气候变化的政治学分析视角丰富了气候问题的研究路径,拓宽了气候变化政策实施的思维. 相似文献
10.
当今世界,自然灾害、气候变化、环境污染、能源危机、资源短缺、群体间各类冲突等都可能引起影响深远的突发事件,消耗大量的社会资源,从而影响经济发展和社会进步。笔者认为,风险防范与突发事件应急管理是和平时期政府所具备的公共管理3大职能之一,且在现代社会中的作用将越来越突出。近年来随着我国社会的快速发展,社会内部的诸多矛盾不断涌现,经触发而以突发事件的形式出现的频率越来越高,政府该如何应对?如何借助更为科学合理的应急管理维护社会稳定、促进社会发展,并在国际上树立威望?本文将就这些问题展开探讨。 相似文献
11.
目前有关全球气候变化的科学、技术和社会经济信息主要来自于IPCC发布的权威且具有重要影响的系列评估报告。大多数应对气候变化的相关研究,都是基于IPCC报告所提供的数据做出的。但最新的研究成果表明．不同的汇率选择会对IPCC报告中诸如减排目标的严重程度、减排责任的分担等情景模拟产生影响。SIKES情景对于汇率的敏感性需要对气候模型进行改进,同时也反映出气候变化的冲击不仅仅取决于气候变化本身,还取决于一国的发展水平。未来关于这一领域的研究将会集中在气候模型的汇率敏感度分析,以及汇率与气候变化之间的内在联系等方面． 相似文献
12.
华北地区能源行业产出对气象条件变化的敏感性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球性的气候变化正在成为社会经济的重大影响因素,能源行业的发展也面临着应对气候变化,特别是包括应对极端气候事件在内的影响因素。本文旨在研究气象灾害对华北地区能源行业产出的影响变化情况,将气象因素引入超越对数生产函数,对1987-2010年的相关数据进行动态的分析,研究能源行业产出对气象条件变化的历年敏感性影响,并具体分析气象灾害对能源行业产出的影响方向和程度。研究结果显示:①气象条件变化对华北地区各省市的影响程度和方向不一,但总体而言对能源行业产出存在显著敏感性影响;②就整个华北地区而言,低温冰雪灾害对能源行业的影响程度远大于高温、干旱、洪涝等灾害对能源行业的影响程度;③从历年变化的角度来看,华北地区能源行业产出对气候因素变化的敏感性变化情况,与各省市相关气象灾害的分布和损失情况存在某种一致性。根据敏感性研究结果提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
13.
开展气候变化与空气污染之间的反馈响应研究对于有效控制大气污染与温室气体排放、应对气候变化具有十分重要的意义。本文将区域气候模型和空气质量模型有机结合,提出模型互馈集成框架结构,描述了集成中空间与时间尺度问题。将互馈集成系统总体逻辑结构划分为五个层次,即数据层、模型层、集成层、应用层和结果层。介绍了区域气候模型与空气质量模型之间的数据集成接口和功能集成接口。设计并开发了气候变化与空气污染的互馈集成系统,利用该系统可以有效模拟和预估未来区域气候变化的情况,发现空气污染与区域气候变化之间的关系。 相似文献
14.
威权领导是华人社会普遍存在的一种领导方式,对其进行研究对华人组织有重要的意义;员工非伦理行为也广泛存在与社会各类各级组织,并带来了巨大的危害,对威权领导与员工非伦理行为关系的研究目前尚未涉及。本文从社会交换和社会学习视角研究威权领导和员工非伦理行为的关系,以及领导成员交换的中介作用和伦理氛围的调节作用。通过406对领导-员工配对的问卷调查,研究结果表明：（1）威权领导与员工非伦理行呈正相关关系;（2）领导成员交换在威权领导与员工非伦理行为关系中起完全中介作用;（3）伦理氛围负向调节领导成员交换与员工非伦理氛围的关系;（4）伦理氛围负向调节领导成员交换对威权领导与员工非伦理行为关系的中介作用。 相似文献
15.
本研究基于领导-成员交换理论和社会支配理论,在等级制度和高权力距离的中国文化背景下,从地位竞争视角出发研究员工主动性行为、领导-成员交换关系、领导地位威胁感知与个体创新绩效之间的关系。基于13个组织的630套上下级配对问卷数据,采用层级线性回归模型对假设进行检验,本研究发现员工主动性行为正向影响其创新绩效,领导-成员交换关系中介了二者之间的正向关系,领导地位威胁感知削弱了员工主动性行为与创新绩效、员工主动性行为与领导-成员交换关系之间的正向关系。研究结果为员工主动性行为的研究提供了新的视角和框架,同时对企业管理实践有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
16.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104697
Climate change represents a significant problem to the planet which raises concerns from stakeholder groups about corporate commitment to climate change issues. In this paper, we explore the effect of eco-innovation and climate governance on corporate commitment to climate change. We develop a unique measure for climate change commitment by considering four components, viz. whether a company supports the Sustainable Development Goal 13 on climate action, whether a company is aware that climate change can represent commercial risks or opportunities, whether a company reports Scope 3 CO2 emissions and whether a company sets a target for emission reduction. We measure eco-innovation by using a score collected from the Eikon database that reflects a company's capacity to reduce environmental costs, eco-innovation intensity measured as environmental expenditures over revenues. We also create an index computed as a composite score by totalling five eco-innovation proxies collected from the Eikon database that reflect companies' efforts to reduce environmental impact. Concerning climate governance, we focus on three proxies, namely the existence of an environmental committee, climate incentives and the existence of sustainability reports. Based on a sample of companies listed on the London Stock Exchange for the period of 2014–2020, we find that corporate eco-innovation is positively associated with climate change commitment. We argue that firms that adopt innovative approaches to efficiently control pollution and resource use and reduce their environmental impact are more committed to climate change. We also find that climate governance is positively associated with climate change commitment. We claim that companies that integrate climate change issues in governance can help address climate change risks and opportunities. Our empirical evidence provides recommendations for managers and policymakers to promote the adoption of eco-innovative technologies and integrate climate change issues in governance, which can contribute to corporate commitment to climate change. 相似文献
17.
近年来,欧美服务管理学者越来越重视服务氛围理论的研究。不少学者指出,服务氛围是影响员工的服务行为、顾客感知的服务质量以及企业的长期经济收益的一个重要因素。本文介绍欧美学者的服务氛围理论研究概况,并为服务性企业管理人员应如何营造浓厚的服务氛围提出一些建议。 相似文献
18.
19.
Laqueur TW 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2003,94(2):300-306
This response to Michael Stolberg argues that the occasional piece of evidence for sexual dimorphism in Renaissance anatomy does no damage to what I had earlier called the "one-sex model." There are three reasons for this: a considerable amount of such evidence had long been available; stray observations do not discredit worldviews; and new supporting evidence for the one-sex model was also available. Moreover, illustrations in the purportedly paradigm-altering texts in fact support the old model. Since there was no radical change during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the reasons offered by Stolberg for why it happened then are moot. The view that biology grounded two sexes (the two-sex model) replaced the view that it reflected imperfectly an underlying metaphysical truth (the one-sex model) as part of the epistemological revolution of the Enlightenment. 相似文献
20.
气候系统中的陆-气相互作用长期以来已经得到广泛的关注,但是直到最近,区域尺度上土地覆盖/利用变化对气候影响的统计事实分析仍非常少,模拟研究中植被对气候变化响应的描述不足.本文系统研究了陆-气相互作用对区域气候的影响,尤其针对上面所提到的两个方面.通过对前期的植被覆盖状况和夏季降水的关系研究为植被覆盖变化对区域气候的影响提供了观测统计上的证据,并进一步分辨出中国北方过渡带可能是植被-大气相互作用的最敏感地区.通过比较观测站点和再分析资料的年代际趋势表明城市化和其他的土地利用变化对气候变暖产生了贡献,使中国东部的平均气温升高了0.12 ℃/10 a.区域气候模拟还表明,中国北方过渡带及其附近地区的植被退化对表面气候和大气环流都带来了显著影响,它们的变化与观测的年代际异常以及我们统计分析的结果一致.表明地表退化可能是中国近几十年气候异常的重要原因之一.最后我们探讨了改进后的动态植被参数化方案在区域气候模拟中的作用. 相似文献