共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Hepeng Jia 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(11):1787
With the fast development of cutting-edge technologies and their greater integration into human life, more ethical challenges emerge. The problem became more salient when the world''s first genetically edited babies were born in China in violation of existing ethical rules. Although the responsible researcher He Jiankui was sentenced for imprisonment for three years last December, it is still necessary to examine the current status of research ethics and the challenges in China. Has China set up a sophisticated research ethics system? For research ethics and their implementation in China, are there unique national characteristics? Can the dominant ethics principles primarily developed from life science research be equally adopted in the emerging artificial intelligence research and development? At an online forum organized by National Science Review (NSR) and through subsequent correspondences among forum participants, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo and guest moderator Hepeng Jia asked three scientists and three bioethicists or philosophers of science and technology in the field to examine the dynamic development of research ethics in China. Weiwen DuanPhilosopher of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Junjiu HuangLife scientist focused on genetics at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Renzong QiuBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Qiang SunLife scientist and the principal investigator (PI) of clone monkey program at Shanghai Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Yi ZengArtificial intelligence scientist at Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Xiaomei ZhaiBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair)Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Hepeng Jia (Co-chair)Professor of Science Communication at Soochow University, Suzhou, China 相似文献
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Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(3)
The COVID-19 pandemic has killed more than 1 000 000 people within nine months in 2020. The world is changed as the cities were locked down, the traffic reduced, and people forced to work from home and keep social distance. These controlling measures also resulted in drastic reduction of the emission of many air pollutants, providing researchers an unprecedented large-scale natural experiment in examining how the air quality would respond to a strong forcing. In this panel discussion held on 22 September 2020, five experts gathered to discuss their observations and analyses, as well as the current understanding and misconception about airborne transmission.This Forum article is dedicated to Prof. Martin Williams of the Imperial College London, who intended to join the panel discussion but passed away one day before it. Guy Brasseur Professor of Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany Junji Cao Professor of Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Aijun Ding Dean and Professor of School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, China Lidia Morawska Professor of Queensland University of Technology, Australia Tong Zhu (Chair) Dean and Professor of College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China 相似文献
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Hepeng Jia 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(1):171
In recent years, Chinese scientists have achieved significant progress in paleontological discoveries and scientific studies. Series of studies published in top journals, such as Science, Nature and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), have astonished the world by presenting beautiful fossils that furnish robust evidence to enrich the understanding of organismic evolution, major extinctions and stratigraphy. It has been portrayed as the heyday in the paleontology of China. What is the status of the field? What factors have caused the avalanche of fossil discoveries in China? What implications can these new discoveries provide for our understanding of current evolution theories? How, given their significant contribution to the world''s paleontology scholarship, can Chinese scientists play a due leadership role in the field? At an online forum organized by the National Science Review (NSR), its associate editor-in-chief, Zhonghe Zhou, asked four scientists in the field as well as NSR executive editor-in-chief Mu-ming Poo to join the discussion. Jin Meng Paleobiologist at American Museum of Natural History Mu-ming Poo Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuzhong Shen Stratigrapher at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuhai Xiao Paleobiologist and geobiologist at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Zhonghe Zhou (Chair) Paleobiologist at Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences 相似文献
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农业生产活动是大气温室气体的主要来源之一,不同作物栽培体系和管理方式都会影响农田温室气体的排放。国内外已有大量关于农业温室气体排放规律和控制机理的研究,但关于土地利用方式转变对温室气体排放规律和影响机制的研究相对较少。本文以中科院千烟洲红壤丘陵综合开发试验站为研究平台,通过对新（刚从旱田转为稻田）老（过去20余年一直为稻田）稻田进行连续4年（2013—2016）观测,分析稻田温室气体排放规律及影响因子。在此基础上预测稻田温室气体排放量的动态变化。研究表明,旱田转变为稻田后,前4年新稻田CH4排放通量显著低于老稻田,但随着耕作年限的延长新稻田的CH4排放速率呈增加趋势,而老稻田的CH4排放速率没有明显变化趋势;耕作年限对CO2和N2O的排放速率影响不显著;新稻田的pH值和土壤有机碳含量低于老稻田。模型模拟结果表明缩短稻田轮作（水-旱轮作）期（小于7年）能够有效降低稻田CH4和总温室气体排放量。该结果表明利用老稻田的CH4排放系数可能会显著高估新稻田的CH4排放量。研究结论可为准确评估土地利用方式变化对农业温室气体排放的影响提供新的视角,同时为区域农业温室气体管理和减排政策的制定提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(2):369
It has been more than 10 years since Satoshi Nakamoto published his famous paper entitled ‘Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system’, which set the foundation of blockchain technology. Accompanied by the price volatility of bitcoins from 2017 to 2018, blockchain has been a hot word on the internet, and particularly hot in China. Blockchain offers a distributed and secure system for data storage and value transactions. Its applications are springing up in multiple fields.The Chinese government is considering these trends with great caution. Initial coin offering has been banned in China since September 2017. By contrast, an official white paper on China''s blockchain technology, which was released in May 2018, said that blockchain technology will be widely applied in the real economy of China within 3 years. In a recent panel discussion held by National Science Review, experts talked about related topics. Their opinions may provide a quick view of the future development of blockchain in China and abroad. Jing Chen Assistant Professor of Computer Science Department, Stony Brook University and Chief Scientist at Algorand LLC, USA Xiaotie Deng Professor of School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, China Guohua Gan Vice President of Beijing Tai Cloud Technology Corp., China Xiaoyun Wang Professor of Institute of Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, China Zhiming Zheng Professor of School of Mathematics and Systems Science, Beihang University, China Lei Guo (Chair) Professor of Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 相似文献
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The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is located in Hefei, the capital of Anhui province, and has its own characteristics among the universities in China. Established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), USTC is distinctively tinted with a scientific color. It is also famous for its ‘Special Class for the Gifted Young’ and is considered one of the best Chinese universities in the fields of science and technology (S&T). Recently, National Science Review interviewed Professor Xinhe Bao, the President of USTC, about the characteristics of the university and the education and research in China. Xinhe Bao is an academician of CAS and has made seminal contributions in catalysis and energy chemistry in the past decades. Before joining USTC, he had worked at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), CAS and Fudan University (Shanghai), and thus possesses an in-depth understanding of the education and research in China. 相似文献
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经过50年的发展,中国科学院大气物理研究所华北香河气候与环境综合野外科学观测研究站（以下简称“香河站”）已具备从边界层到中高层气候环境的综合探测能力,加入了多个国内外大气探测网,是国际上少有的大气综合野外科学试验站。21世纪以来,香河站开展多次国际大型综合观测试验,在长期连续观测数据基础上,开展了中高层大气能量传播和物质交换、边界层大气物理化学和空气质量、太阳能监测预报等基础和应用研究,取得了一批有显示度的研究成果。继往开来,香河站将深耕先进探测仪器设备研制和更新改造,提升中高层大气热动力探测和边界层物理化学过程探测能力,建成集观测、试验和研究于一体的野外大气综合探测基地,提升对中层大气基本过程、上下大气层交换过程和机理、污染减排天气气候和环境效应等问题的科学认识,为我国在全球气候与环境议题上取得话语权和国家安全提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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Chao Gu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(10)
Throughout history, gender inequality has persisted in most parts of the world. Since the founding of the People''s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, substantial progress has been made towards gender equality in China. Today, a large number of Chinese women scientists are making significant contributions to advance science. However, are they facing gender discrimination in hiring and promotion? Do they have access to the same opportunities as their male colleagues? What are the potential approaches to further promote gender equality in China''s scientific community given myriad unfavorable social factors? Recently, NSR invited five Chinese female scientists and two gender experts to discuss these issues. Here are their observations and suggestions. Bing LiuProfessor at the Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University Jun LuSenior Engineer at Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, and Deputy Chief Designer of BeiDou Grounded Test and Validation System Chih-chen WangProfessor at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hongyang WangPresident of the China Women''s Association for Science and Technology (CWAST), Director of the National Center for Science in Liver Cancer Xiaoyun WangC. N. Yang Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University Yan ZhengChair Professor at the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology Wenpei Tang (Chair)Professor at the School of Health Humanities, Peking University 相似文献
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中科院大气所ENSO预测结果显示,2018年夏季（6—8月）,赤道中东太平洋海温将处于中性状态。中科院大气所的全国气候趋势预测结果表明,2018年夏季（6—8月）,全国总体形势为降水趋于常年。部分地区可能呈现偏多或偏少的情况。具体为,东北东部、华北大部、西北地区东部、江南大部、华南北部和中部降水正常略偏多,其中河套地区降水偏多2—5成,可能发生局地洪涝。我国其他大部分地区降水正常略偏少。登陆台风数正常偏少。 相似文献
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2019年春夏季,赤道中东太平洋将维持弱-中等强度厄尔尼诺（El Niño）。中国科学院大气物理研究所的全国气候趋势预测结果表明,预计2019年汛期（6—8月）,长江中下游以南大部分地区降水偏多,其中江南地区偏多2—5成,可能发生局地洪涝灾害;新疆北部、东北北部、四川东部和陕西南部等地降水正常略偏多。我国其他大部分地区降水正常略偏少,其中河套地区降水偏少2—5成。预计2019年登陆台风数正常略偏多。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2010,24(1):9-9
Thanks to its work of past more than 20 years, a research team led by Prof. ZENG Qingcun and Prof. WANG Huijun from the CAS Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP） has scored innovative achievements in their studies of basic theory of climate dynamics, numerical model development, its related computational theory, and the dynamical climate prediction using the climate system models. Their work received a second prize of the National Award for Natural Sciences in 2005. 相似文献
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The University of Surrey (referred to as Surrey hereafter) is one of the renowned universities in the UK that was established on 9 September 1966 with the grant of its Royal Charter and its roots go back to Battersea Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1891. Surrey is the research hub of small satellites, mobile telecommunication and artificial intelligence in Europe. In 2016, Surrey was named as ‘University of the Year’ in the UK and, in February 2018, Surrey won the Queen''s Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education (Surrey''s fourth award)—the highest national award for the UK universities, in recognition of the outstanding contribution of Surrey to nutrition and health.The president and vice chancellor of Surrey, Professor Max Lu, took this position in 2016 and is also the first scholar of Chinese origin to be the leader of a British university. Before he joined Surrey, he was the provost and senior vice president at the University of Queensland in Australia. Professor Lu is not only a talented leader in education field, but also a distinguished scientist in materials chemistry and nanotechnology area. He has been honored with numerous awards, including the Orica Award, RK Murphy Medal, China International Science and Technology Award and Medal of the Order of Australia, etc. He has been also appointed to the Prime Minister''s Council for Science and Technology and the Board of UK Research and Innovation, etc. The rich experience and open-mindedness lead to his profound insights into higher education around the world. Lately elected as a fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) and foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor Lu shared his broad and deep perspectives on higher education with National Science Review during his travel in Beijing. 相似文献
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空气污染对气候变化的影响与反馈研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文总结了由中国环境科学研究院、中国科学院地理资源所、北京工业大学、北京市气候中心共同承担环保公益性行业科研专项“空气污染对气候变化的影响与反馈研究”课题有关研究成果。包括污染物和温室气体排放现状和趋势、空气质量模拟及应用、区域气候模拟及应用、未来气候变化情景及对污染物影响以及应对气候变化的污染物防控措施和效果的研究进展。主要阶段性成果包括：建立了基准年典型空气污染物和主要温室气体排放数据库,并分区域和行业综合评估了我国空气污染物和温室气体排放现状和趋势;利用区域气候模型对全国近十年气候状况进行了模拟分析,开展了典型地区的敏感性试验;分析了典型地区（京津冀、长三角和珠三角3个城市群）空气污染指数（API）与不同气象要素的相关性,揭示了气象因子对空气污染的影响机理;对比分析了典型发达国家或组织和典型发展中国家的污染物防控和应对气候变化的政策措施及效果,并对未来空气污染对气候变化的影响与反馈研究的方向和重点进行了展望。 相似文献
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作为连接全球经济的纽带和新秩序博弈的焦点,跨境数据流动在极大提升跨国协作效率的同时,也面临着数据主权、国家安全、利益冲突、隐私保护、数据监管等问题。文章首先从数据要素的经济影响出发,梳理跨境数据流动对经济全球化的作用;进而,分析全球范围内跨境数据流动的制约因素,总结我国数据生产总值的优势和不足;最后,结合我国数字经济发展实践,提出有为政府与有效市场更好结合、推动数字隐私技术研发应用、发挥自贸区和自港区先行先试作用、实行分类分级的差别化监管政策、发起多边协定为国际数据治理提出中国方案、坚持系统思维引领数字经济全球化的政策建议,以期推动跨境数据安全有序流动,使我国更好地把握数字经济全球化的战略机遇。 相似文献
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Professor Henry Tye (戴自海) is a world-renowned expert in theoretical particle physics, string theory and cosmology. He was recently the IAS Professor at the Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), and is the Horace White Professor of Physics (Emeritus) at Cornell University. He has a lot of experience in research status in both China and the United States. Recently, NSR invited Professor Yi-Fu Cai (蔡一夫) from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) to interview Prof. Tye on his personal views on the future of theoretical physics, his own experience, and his advice to young researchers. 相似文献
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分析中国低碳研究领域的研究热点、代表学者、主要研究机构、重要载文期刊等,对清楚认识和把握中国低碳研究的现状具有一定的意义。基于知识图谱理论,本文采用Citespace软件,对CNKI中2003年-2011年间的低碳研究的相关文献进行分析,绘制中国低碳研究的关键词、作者、机构、期刊等知识图谱。分析结果显示,目前我国低碳研究主要围绕低碳经济、低碳城市、低碳技术、低碳社会、低碳农业、低碳旅游、低碳消费展开;陈晓春、庄贵阳、杨志、诸大建等为我国低碳研究领域的重要学者,并且我国低碳研究领域的学者基本处于独自研究的状态;中国社会科学院、清华大学、四川大学、湖南大学、中国人民大学等为主要的研究机构;《环境保护》、《生态经济》、《中国人口·资源与环境》等为高载文期刊。 相似文献
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Jane Qiu 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(4):824
China has attached a great significance to bringing science to the public—known as kepu (科普, ‘science popularization’) or kexue chuanbo (科学传播, ‘science dissemination’)—in recent years, partly in response to its unprecedented push for innovation in science and technology. In 2018, it spent 16 billion yuan (US$2.3 billion) on such endeavours, nearly 80% of which was government funding, according to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Science and Technology. With one science-education venue for every million people, approximately 76 million visits were made to the country''s 518 general-science museums and 142 million visits were made to 943 museums dedicated to a specific subject matter, such as the Geological Museum of China.In a forum chaired by National Science Review’s executive editor-in-chief, Mu-ming Poo, scientists, journalists and public-information officers discussed the differences in science communication between China and developed nations, the challenges and opportunities of raising scientific literacy in China, how it has played out in a wide range of controversial topics, from stem-cell research to climate change, and the importance of international collaboration. Tao Deng Director of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Hepeng Jia Science journalist and science-communication scholar at Soochow University, Suzhou, China Brian Lin Director of the Editorial Content Strategy, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA Joy Ma Manager of the Editorial Content, EurekAlert!, American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, USA Lai Xu Former chief editor of Guokr.com, Beijing, China Shi Yan Deputy director of the China Research Institute for Science Popularisation, Chinese Association of Science and Technology, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director of the Insitute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 相似文献
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Weijie Zhao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(6):1163
Professor Feng Shao at National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing is a well-known immunologist. He has made a series of fundamental contributions to the fields of pathogen-host interactions and innate immune response mechanisms. Professor Weihong Tan at Hunan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University is a world-renowned scholar in bioanalytical chemistry and chemical biology. He developed a number of chemical tools that expended the extent of molecular medicine and may turn into useful clinical diagnosis and treatment tools. In May 2019, National Science Review (NSR) had an interview with Professors Feng Shao and Weihong Tan. The two scientists, both trained at University of Michigan for their PhD study, have different research directions, but share the same basic scientific vision: to solve human health-related fundamental problems by illuminating and making use of the underlying molecular mechanisms. They also share similar opinions on biomedical research methods and scientific career development. 相似文献